影响肉鸡腿健康的重要营养因素

对于肉鸡产业来说，腿失调症是重要的福利和经济问题。常见的问题是胫软骨发育障碍，角骨畸型，如末端或近端跖骨背离症和佝偻病。尽管许多问题可以通过降低生长速度降低或消除但是这并不意味着生长速度快体重较大的鸡只就会出现腿失调症，现在看来这些问题更主要的在于基因，管理和营养因素之间的相互作用。维生素，矿物质和少量营养素的缺乏和过量将会影响肉鸡健康。     

肉鸡腿疾的病因和防治

引起肉鸡腿疾的因素可分为感染性和非感染性。感染性腿疾主要是受病毒、细菌、真菌和寄生虫的作用；非感染性腿疾主要是因饲料中养分变质，摄入养分不均衡造成，现将肉鸡生产中引起腿疾的几种疾病及其防治介绍如下。     

引起家禽腿病的营养因素

引起禽腿变态(Leg Abnormalities)的因素是多年来的研究课题。大量的工作证明,禽腿变态与许多营养因素直接有关。一、简单的养分缺乏引起禽腿变态的营养因素最早受到注意的是某些营养缺乏或不足,造成机体发育受阻和平衡失调。     

家禽腿疾与营养

家禽腿病泛指一系列运动障碍,包括不愿或不能行走,分为软骨营养障碍、软骨发育不良、佝偻病、关节痛风症、腿扭转、病毒性关节炎和骨膜炎等。     

营养因素引起的禽的腿病

引起禽腿变态的营养因素最早受到注意的是某些营养缺乏或不足,造成机体发育受阻和平衡失调。有些病因超出了简单的养分作用范围,而有更为复杂的机制存在。如由几种营养因子互相作用导致禽腿变态的发生;某些饲粮成分含有未知抗营养因子等。1矿物元素引起的腿病1.1锰早在1936年,W     

日粮营养与肉鸡腿病

肉鸡腿病是复杂的多因子疾病 ,生产中不管是自配粉料或饲喂商品颗粒料 ,都有一定的腿病发生率 ,并且日趋严重 ,造成死淘率升高 ,对养殖户的经济效益影响极大。本文根据生产实践和相关资料报道 ,将日粮营养因素对腿病产生的影响进行综述。1　日粮能量、蛋白质与氨基酸水平生产中为使肉鸡有较快的生长速度和较高的饲料利用率 ,通常采用油脂配制高能量日粮 ,但高能高蛋白日粮除易导致腹水症、猝死症外 ,还易引发较高的腿病发生率。为了满足家禽生长需要并避免腿病的发生 ,日粮蛋白质浓度应随周龄增加而下降 ,能量则要相应提高 ,即在生长期内 ,…     

Runting and leg weakness in broilers; Involvement of infectious factors

A syndrome characterized by runting, bad feathering and moderate to serious leg weakness occurring in broiler flocks could be reproduced experimentally in birds kept in isolators. The disease could be transmitted to one day old broiler chicks by inoculation of homogenized intestines from birds suffering from this syndrome. Moreover, the disease could be reproduced in a second bird passage with homogenized intestines collected 4 weeks after the primary inoculation. After inoculation of day old broilers with a bacterium and mycoplasma free filtrate of the original inoculum the disease occurred as well, but to a lesser extent. It is concluded that an infectious agent plays an important role in the etiology of this disease.     

Infectious anemia caused by a parvovirus-like virus in Georgia broilers

Pale chicks with necrotic dermatitis, small bursas of Fabricius (BFs), small thymuses, pale bone marrow, and watery blood were suspected of having parvovirus-like virus- (PVLV) associated disease. Histologic lesions included atrophy or hypoplasia of thymuses and BFs, and septic necrotizing clostridial dermatitis and hepatitis. Clostridium perfringens was cultured from skin and liver. A PVLV was isolated in a Marek's disease tumor cell line (MDCC-MSB1) culture and was identified by physicochemical, immunofluorescent, and morphologic features. This isolate was named GA-1 PVLV. Specific-antibody-negative chicks and embryos infected with heat- or chloroform-treated GA-1 PVLV developed anemia at the same rate. Control chicks never were anemic. This is the first isolation of PVLV from clinically ill chickens in the United States and the first report of PVLV-induced anemia in chickens in the Western Hemisphere.     

Forms of leg abnormality observed in male broilers fed on a diet containing 12.5 percent rapeseed meal

The incidence of leg abnormalities was studied in 216 male Ross I broilers, fed for 10 weeks on a diet containing 12.5 per cent extracted rapeseed. Regular serological examination showed that the birds remained free from Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae and avian reovirus throughout the period of investigation. Post mortem examination and radiographs were performed when birds were culled due to leg deformities or at the end of the experiment. Leg abnormalities were seen in 19.4 per cent of the birds which represents a very significant increase above that currently seen in commercial flocks. They consisted of a large range of skeletal deformities including valgus and varus deformities, dyschondroplasia, slipped gastrocnemius tendons, dislocated condyles, rotation and penetration of the distal tibiotarsus and fractured fibulas. Multiple forms of leg abnormality were often observed in individual birds and their association is briefly discussed.     

益生菌对肉鸡生长性能及缓解LPS引起的肝脏炎症的研究

脂多糖(LPS)是革兰阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分,常被用于模拟革兰阴性菌所致的感染,诱导机体炎症反应。益生菌能提高机体的免疫力,改善动物健康和福利。然而,目前有关益生菌对家禽细菌感染的防治效果的研究尚未见报道。试验选用40只1日龄罗斯308白羽肉鸡,随机分为2组:对照组(CON1)和益生菌组(Pb),Pb组鸡的饮水中添加益生菌(0.05 g/只),连续饲喂2周,按正常标准饲养。29日龄时进行LPS注射处理,分别将CON和Pb组随机分为2组,即生理盐水注射组(CON2)、LPS注射组(LPS)、Pb+生理盐水组(Pb)、Pb+LPS注射组(Pb+LPS),注射后2 h采集血液和肝脏组织待测。结果显示,与对照组相比,益生菌可降低肉鸡的采食量及料重比(P<0.01);LPS可显著增加肝脏、脾脏重及器官指数(P<0.05),但显著降低法氏囊重及器官指数(P<0.05)。血液生化指标分析显示,益生菌可以缓解LPS导致的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高(P<0.05),并降低谷草转氨酶(AST)及肌酸激酶(CK)的水平(P<0.05)。实时荧光定量PCR显示,LPS处理可激活肝脏中LPS-TLR4-NF-κB信号通路且上调下游基因IL-6、IL-1β、IFN-γ及IL-10的表达(P<0.05)。与LPS组和Pb组相比,Pb+LPS组抑炎细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-10基因的表达显著上调(P<0.05)。此外,LPS能显著上调肝脏C-反应蛋白(CRP)mRNA的表达(P<0.01)。研究表明,益生菌能提高肉鸡的生长性能,参与机体免疫调节,并对LPS引起的肝脏炎症反应有一定的缓解作用,这些结果为益生菌防治细菌感染提供了参考。     

Influence of feed on the course of tenosynovitis caused by REO virus infection in broilers

The first outbreak of tenosynovitis caused by infection with REO virus in the Netherlands, involving 15 broiler flocks, is described. The disease could be reproduced easily by subcutaneous, oral and contact infection of susceptible broilers with the isolated virus. The 15 affected flocks all came from one broiler parent flock and were fed with feed from one mill (A). Twenty other flocks, also coming from this parent flock and reared in the same period on feed from another feed mill (B) did not suffer from tenosynovitis. The parent flock showed no disease symptoms but seroconversion to REO virus occurred after the onset of the problems in the offspring. The influences of the different feeds on the course of the synovitis could be reproduced experimentally, but with less extreme differences than observed in the field. The possible ways in which feeds may influence tenosynovitis causing REO virus infection are discussed.     

肉种鸡传染性因素腿病的发生及综合防治

1临诊常见的传染性因素腿病鉴别诊断 1.1马立克氏病 多发3～4月龄鸡,当侵害坐骨神经时,表现为一侧进行性麻痹和瘫痪,病肢外观变细,剖检可见一侧坐骨神经和腰荐神经增粗,颜色暗灰色,横纹消失,同时伴有各组织脏器的肿瘤变化.