蛋鸡输卵管积液中新城疫强毒的分离鉴定与分子特征

从病鸡输卵管积液中分离了一株新城疫病毒(命名为SHY06),经蚀斑纯化后测定其鸡胚平均死亡时间和1日龄雏鸡脑内致病指数分别为52 h和2.0,F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为112-RRQKRF-117,符合强毒NDV的特征.根据F基因(1-374 bp)对SHY06和19个NDV参考毒株进行基因分型结果表明SHY06属于基因Ⅶ型.F基因氨基酸序列同源性比较显示SHY06与基因Ⅶ型NDV分离株同源性为97.5%～99.5%,与基因Ⅸ型NDV(F48E9等)同源性为91.7%～92.4%,与基因Ⅱ型(疫苗株LaSota等)同源性为89.2%. HN基因氨基酸序列同源性比较显示SHY06与近年来分离株同源性较高,为92.1%～99.7%,与疫苗株(LaSota)和标准强毒株(F48E9)同源性较低,分别为87.6%和89.9%.     

我国部分地区鸡新城疫病毒流行株遗传变异分析

将近年来从不同地区临床病例中分离鉴定的10株鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)流行株,用RT-PCR方法分别扩增出大小为535 bp的F基因重要功能区,并克隆到pGEM-T载体上,经酶切分析结合核苷酸序列测定而确诊。10株分离株核苷酸序列同源性达到81.9%～99.4%,其中8个分离株F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为:112R-R-Q/R-K/R/R/F117,为NDV强毒株,且具有基因Ⅶ型的典型特征,即在101位和121位氨基酸残基分别为K(赖氨酸)和V(缬氨酸);其余2株病毒F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为:112G-R-Q-G-R-L117,表明它们为NDV弱毒株,在13位和17位氨基酸分别为M(蛋氨酸)和I(异亮氨酸),属于基因Ⅱ型。根据上述测序结果并参照已发表NDV F基因序列绘制出遗传进化树,遗传进化树显示,上述8个强毒株和台湾95年分离株同源性较高,而2个弱毒株与La Sota株同源性较高。     

1株越南斗鸡新城疫病毒的分离和分子鉴定

从一起新城疫暴发的病例中分离出1株新城疫病毒(NDV),命名为贵州分离株(DQ)。用RT-PCR方法扩增了贵州分离株的整个F基因片段,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中。序列分析结果表明,上述分离株F基因长度为1 662 bp,编码553个氨基酸。该毒株与国内2株分离株(CH2000、TW2000)之间的亲缘关系较近,其核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为95.7%~96.6%和96.6%~96.8%;但与LaSota、B1及F48E9等常见毒株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性仅为84.0%~86.5%和87.2%~89.9%。DQ分离株在F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,与NDV强毒株特征相符,且具有101处的K(赖氨酸)和121处V(缬氨酸)2个特征性氨基酸,与NDV基因Ⅶ型的特性完全相符。利用MegAlign软件绘制NDV的系统发育进化树,结果表明,该分离株为基因Ⅶd亚型。     

新城疫病毒广东分离株F基因的克隆与序列分析

为研究新城疫病毒(NDV)基因变异情况,用RT-PCR扩增了9个广东分离株的F基因cDNA片段,并将其分别克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体中。序列分析结果表明,上述分离株F基因长度为1 662 bp,编码553个氨基酸,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为95.1%~99.2%和96.0%~99.8%;但与LaSota、Roakin、F48E9及B1等常见疫苗株的氨基酸同源性仅为87.6%~92.2%。9个NDV分离株F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112R-R-Q/R-K-R-F-I-G119,与平均致死鸡胚时间(MDT)、脑内接种指数(ICPI)等病毒致病力测定结果相符,均属于基因Ⅶ型NDV。     

鸵鸟源新城疫病毒TN株F基因的克隆与序列分析

应用PCR技术对1株鸵鸟源新城疫病毒TN株融合蛋白基因(F基因)进行扩增,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行序列测定,并与国内外NDV毒株对应序列进行比较分析.结果表明,TN株F基因的长度为1 662 bp,可编码553个氨基酸,其裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112G-R-Q-G-R-L117,为1株新城疫弱毒株;与贵州省其他禽源(包括肉鸡、蛋鸡、越南斗鸡、七彩山鸡和鸽子等)毒株间的核苷酸同源性为84.0%～89.6%,氨基酸同源性为87.5%～92.1%;与国内外NDV代表株(Lasota株、B1株、F48E9株、CH2000株和TW2000株)的核苷酸同源性为84.4%～98.6%,氨基酸同源性为88.3%～98.0%.经系统发生树分析,TN株与NDV弱毒株Lasota株和B1株在同一分支上,属于基因II型NDV.     

产蛋下降鸭群强毒新城疫病毒的分离鉴定与分子特征

从产蛋下降鸭群分离到两株新城疫病毒(NDV)(命名为Duck/China/SD6/2008和Duck/China/SD7/2009),经蚀斑纯化后测定其鸡胚平均死亡时间为77.6h,F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为112-RRQKRF-117,符合强毒NDV的特征。根据F基因(374bp)对2个NDV分离株和30个NDV参考株进行基因分型结果表明,2个分离株均属于基因Ⅶ型。F基因和HN基因核苷酸序列同源性比较显示,2个鸭分离株与基因Ⅶ型NDV分离株同源性为94.1%～99.7%和94.4%～97.1%,与同期分离的鸡源NDV强毒株Chicken/China/SD4/2008同源性最高,分别为99.3%～99.5%和99.5%～99.7%,表明这两个鸭NDV毒株可能来源于感染NDV的鸡群。     

鸽Ⅰ型副黏病毒的分离鉴定及其F基因、HN基因的序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术,将从江苏省分离到的2株鸽源NDV的融合蛋白(F)和血凝素神经氨酸酶(HN)基因重要功能区片段进行扩增和序列分析,发现F蛋白多肽裂解位点的氨基酸序列为112K-R-Q-K-R-F117,符合NDV强毒株序列特点.F基因分型及同源性比较显示,分离到的2株鸽源NDV PG-CH-JS-1-05,PG-CH-JS-1-06属基因Ⅵ型.与国内参考毒株YN-P1 F基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性最高为96.4%,与LaSota的同源性为84.1%～84.2%,与F48E9的同源性为86.0%～86.2%;与国外参考毒株Warwick66的同源性为92.7%～93.3%;HN基因氨基酸序列同源性比较显示,与PB9601的同源性最低,只有3.4%～3.7%,与LaSota的同源性也较低,为88.5 % ～88.7%.而与国外参考毒株IT-227-82的氨基酸序列同源性为95.4%～95.6%,与Pigen-NY-US-1984的同源性为94.8%～94.9%,与248 V B的同源性为92.5%～92.7%,说明与国外鸽源NDV分离毒株的遗传距离较近.     

两株鸽源新城疫病毒的分离鉴定及F基因序列分析

从四川省两个不同肉鸽养殖场的送检病鸽中分别分离出2株鸽源新城疫病毒(NDV),分别命名为Mianyang12505和sms12。致病性试验表明2株鸽源NDV均为弱毒,但融合蛋白(F)基因序列分析表明2个毒株均含有典型的强毒株F蛋白裂解位点112RRQKRF117;以F基因序列为基础构建遗传发育树,发现2株鸽源NDV属于基因Ⅵ型;F基因突变分析表明,鸽源NDVF基因突变率较大,且基因Ⅵ型和Ⅶ型存在规律突变;核酸和氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,国内鸽源NDV毒株核酸序列同源性为83.5%～99.7%,氨基酸同源性为85.6%～100%,且本研究分离的毒株与JS0722Pi同源性最高。     

一株新城疫病毒鹧鸪分离株分子生物学特性的研究

本研究从一例鹧鸪暴发新城疫的病例中成功分离出一株新城疫病毒(NDV)。运用RT-PCR扩增了该分离株F基因的重要功能片段(约535kb),并进行了序列测定。序列分析表明其在F蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸顺序为112R-R-Q-K-R-F117,与NDV的强毒株特征相符。通过构建NDV的F基因遗传进化树,发现该分离株在分类地位上属于基因Ⅶ型NDV,与同期我国普遍流行的基因Ⅶ型NDV在遗传进化上极为相似,且具有较高的同源性,表明它们可能具有共同的来源。     

广东地区8株鹅源基因Ⅻ型新城疫病毒F蛋白基因遗传进化分析

为了解当前广东地区鹅群新城疫病毒(NDV)遗传进化情况,本研究从广东养殖病死鹅组织样品中分离鉴定获得8株NDV,对分离株的F蛋白基因进行核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析。8株分离病毒之间F蛋白基因同源性较高,为96.3%-99.9%,但与当前国内NDV优势流行株及疫苗株同源性均较低。遗传进化分析结果显示所有新分离株均属于Ⅻ型NDVⅫb亚型分支,而当前国内NDV的优势流行株及常用疫苗株均属于Ⅶd亚型分支。氨基酸序列分析结果显示,本研究分离株F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列均为~(112)K/RRQKR/F~(117),符合强毒株分子特征;与基因Ⅶ型代表株NDV/ZJ1相比,新分离株F蛋白B细胞中和抗原表位均出现D~(170)N变异;而与2010年～2011年报道的广东Ⅻb亚型分离株相比,新分离株F蛋白疏水区、七肽重复序列等区域均出现氨基酸的变异。综上所述,本研究分离鉴定的8株鹅源NDV的F基因均属于Ⅻb亚型,与Ⅶd亚型流行株及常用疫苗株F基因同源性较低,且其多个氨基酸关键位点存在变异。本研究在国内首次从病死鹅体内分离到基因Ⅻ型NDV,为进一步了解基因Ⅻ型NDV在广东地区水禽中的流行、病原进化以及疫苗株更新提供参考。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.