植酸酶在猪饲料中的应用研究

植酸酶是一种水解酶,能降解饲料中的抗营养因子植酸并释放出无机磷及与植酸结合的蛋白质、微量元素等。提高饲料中植酸磷的利用率,减少磷的排放量,降低环境中磷的污染,并能消除植酸的抗营养作用,提高饲料消化利用率。本文综述了植酸酶研究及在猪饲料中应用的经济和生态意义,阐述了应用新一代植酸酶产品,发掘饲料中潜在的营养价值,提高动物生产性能,减轻高磷对环境的污染这一生态畜牧业发展方向。     

植酸酶在饲料中的应用

植酸酶是一种畜禽饲料添加剂,能有效地降解植酸盐,将植酸磷(六磷酸肌醇)降解为肌醇和无机磷,解除植酸的抗营养作用。植酸酶应用于饲料中,不仅可以提高植物性饲料中植酸磷的消化率,减少无机磷的添加量和磷排泄污染,还可以改善和提高畜禽对饲料中蛋白质、能量、氨基酸和微量元素的利用率,提高动物的生产性能。     

植酸酶在猪饲料中的应用

植酸酶是一种水解酶，能降解饲料中的抗营养因子植酸，并释放出无机磷及与植酸结合的蛋白质、微量元素等。可提高饲料中植酸磷的利用率，减少磷的排放量，并能消除植酸的抗营养作用，提高饲料消化利用率。还可改善蛋白质、氨基酸和能量的利用效果，提高畜禽生产性能。     

环保型酶制剂——植酸酶在蛋鸡生产中的应用

植酸酶作为一种新型酶制剂,添加于食品和饲料中,能消除植酸引起的抗营养作用,提高蛋白质和矿物质的生物利用率.本文综述有关植酸酶的特性和作用机理、影响植酸酶活性因素以及对蛋鸡的生理生化指标的影响的研究.     

植酸酶在养猪业中的运用进展

植酸酶作为一种抗营养因子抑制剂．能消除植物源饲料中的植酸．释放饲料中的磷．提高家畜对磷的利用率．能间接地提高动物生产性能．提高蛋白质、氨基酸、干物质、粗纤维和脂肪的利用率,促使植酸螯合的养分和消化酶释放出来．提高养分在肠道的消化率．也能提高骨骼的硬度和增加灰分的重量。     

植酸酶在动物生产中的最新研究进展

<正>植酸酶是一种新型饲料添加剂,它能降解饲料中的抗营养因子植酸并释放出无机磷及与植酸结合的蛋白质、微量元素等的水解酶,减少磷资源的浪费,提高饲料的营养价值,从而显著降低饲料生     

微生物植酸酶对单胃动物性能影响的研究进展

植酸是植物贮存肌醇和磷的主要形式,植酸结合矿物质、蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪形成水溶性复合物,从而降低养分生物利率率。植酸酶主要存在于真菌,水解植酸去除植酸的抗营养作用。本文介绍了植酸的来源、分类、酶蛋白氨基酸序列和酶基因研究进展,植酸酶能提高单胃动物平均日增重、平均采食量、饲料转化率、血清钙浓度、血清磷浓度,降低碱性磷酸酶活性、粪磷排泄,减轻磷污染。     

植酸酶在配合饲料中的应用

植酸酶作为一种饲料酶 ,能通过对植物饲料中植酸磷的水解从而提高单胃动物、家禽对磷的利用率 ,并提高对矿物质、蛋白质、氨基酸的利用率 ,这已被许多研究结果所证实。它的生化作用表现在 :（１）分解抗营养因子植酸 ,释放磷、钙、锌、镁、铜、蛋白质、氨基酸等。（２）解除植酸对消化酶如胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶等的抑制 ,提高了饲料的利用率。随着基因生物工程的发展 ,植酸酶的商业化生产无论从生产技术工艺还是经济上都成为现实可行。荷兰、丹麦等国九十年代初开始大规模生产微生物植酸酶 ,并应用到配合饲料中 ,且相继立法 ,把它作为一种“绿…     

植酸酶在肉鸡日粮中的应用研究进展

植酸酶是一种能降解饲料中的抗营养因子植酸并释放出无机磷及与植酸结合的蛋白质、微量元素等的水解酶。在肉鸡饲料中应用植酸酶不仅可以消除植酸的抗营养作用，改善肉鸡的生产性能、提高钙、磷及蛋白质与氨基酸、矿物盐等的消化利用率，还可以减少氮、磷的排放量，保护环境。本文综述了植酸酶在肉鸡饲料应用的作用机理应用和效果，指出了植酸酶在肉鸡饲料中应用需要注意的问题。     

家禽日粮中应用植酸酶需考虑的问题

植酸(亦称六磷酸肌醇)广泛存在于植物体内，与磷结合为植酸磷。植酸磷是具有潜在利用价值的磷源，但难以被单胃动物利用。大部分植物性饲料中的磷仅1／3能被家禽有效利用(Carter等，1991)，且植酸盐能与不同的阳离子和蛋白质结合，降低了蛋白质及钙、锌、镁和铁等矿物质的生物利用率(Graf，1986)。是一种抗营养因子，因此．能催化植酸及植酸盐水解的植酸酶在饲料工业中得到广泛应用。植酸酶包括植物本身的植酸酶和利用微生物产生的外源性植酸酶。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …