营养条件对四种海洋微藻生化组分的影响

以2种甲藻和2种硅藻为研究对象,采用半连续培养方法,设置氮限制、磷限制、无营养限制3种营养条件,研究营养条件对4种海洋微藻总蛋白质、总碳水化合物和总脂的影响.试验结果表明,微藻在无营养限制时的单位藻细胞总蛋白质含量均显著高于氮限制,但与磷限制差异不显著,东海原甲藻、锥状斯氏藻、中肋骨条藻和牟氏角毛藻在无营养限制条件下分别比氮限制高出了19.6％、9.6％、48.6％和65.9％;在营养限制下的单位藻细胞总碳水化合物含量高于无营养限制,其中锥状斯氏藻和中肋骨条藻在磷限制下的单位藻细胞总碳水化合物含量分别为0.045、0.006 ng/个,是无营养限制的4倍多;在营养限制下,东海原甲藻、锥状斯氏藻、中肋骨条藻和牟氏角毛藻单位藻细胞总脂含量均高于无营养限制,其中磷限制时分别比无营养限制时高出0.6、3.0、0.8、0.7 ng/个,磷限制比氮限制对总脂含量的影响更为明显.     

2004年秋季长江口海域浮游植物的群落结构和多样性

2004年9月20日~10月9日对长江口海域浮游植物的种类组成、多样性、丰度及其分布进行了调查研究。本次调查,长江口海域共鉴定浮游植物2门26属68种(含4个变种、6个不确定种),主要为温带近岸性种,其中硅藻门有21属51种,占总种数75%,甲藻门有5属17种,占总种数的25%。硅藻门中角毛藻属(Chaetoceros)和圆筛藻属(Coscinodiscus)的种类最多,分别为17种(占硅藻总种数的33.33%)和7种(占硅藻总种数的13.73%),甲藻门中以角藻属(Ceratium)为主,有10种,占甲藻总种数的58.8%。浮游植物数量平均为1400.00×104cells/m3。硅藻的平均数量为1392.69×104cells/m3,占浮游植物总量的99.3%;甲藻的平均细胞数量为7.31×104cells/m3,占浮游植物总量的0.7%。多样性指数平均值为1.90,而均匀度指数平均值为0.68。浮游植物密集区出现在调查区域的中部,靠近长江入海口水域。浮游植物的优势种主要为:中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum(Greville)Cleve)、尖刺菱形藻(Nitzschia pungens Grunow)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides Grunow)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus Grunow)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis Cleve)、窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoseros affinis Lauder)和旋链角毛藻(Chaetoecros curvisetus Cleve)。本次调查长江口海域的浮游植物可划分为:东北部组群、近河口组群和南部组群3个主要生态类型。     

三峡工程截流后长江口邻近海域的网采浮游植物群落结构特征

通过对2004年9月、2005年5月、2006年6月和2007年8月4个航次的长江口邻近海域浮游植物调查资料的分析,研究三峡工程截流后长江口邻近海域网采浮游植物的群落结构特征.结果显示,调查水域网采浮游植物共有2门36属93种(包括7个变种和6个不确定种),硅藻门的种类数量最多,有30属76种,占总种数的81.7%;甲藻门6属17种,占总种数的18.3%.其中,硅藻六门以角毛藻属、圆筛藻属和根管藻属的种类最多,分别有23种、10种和10种;甲藻门以角藻属为主,共有10种,占甲藻总种数的58.8%.长江口邻近海域的浮游植物可分为河口半咸水和近岸低盐类群、外海高盐类群和海洋广布性种类等3个类群.浮游植物的丰度具有明显的季节变化,夏末(8月)和秋季(9月)浮游植物的数量明显高于春季(5月)和夏初(6月),而且硅藻类浮游植物的数最占绝对优势.达到浮游植物总量的95%以上.优势度分析显示中肋骨条藻、尖刺菱形藻、柔弱角毛藻和洛氏角毛藻是长江口邻近水域浮游植物的主要优势种,其中以中肋骨条藻和尖刺菱形藻为绝对优势种.浮游植物丰度的分布跟长江冲淡水有密切的关系,密集分布区主要分布在123.5°E以西近长江口海域,主要由优势种骨条藻等的分布决定.     

天津近岸人工鱼礁海域浮游植物群落及其变化特征

2016年5月、7月和11月分别对天津近岸海域2010年、2012年和2014年投放的人工鱼礁区及非人工鱼礁区(对照区)进行3个航次的调查,每个区域设置3个站位,共计12个站位。结果显示,共鉴定浮游植物2门28属58种,其中,硅藻门19属44种,甲藻门9属14种。物种以硅藻为主,占总物种的75.9%,其次为甲藻,占总物种的24.1%。浮游植物优势种以硅藻门的圆筛藻属和角毛藻属为主,主要有威氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus wailesii)、星脐圆筛藻(C. asteromphalus)、格氏圆筛藻(C. granii)、虹彩圆筛藻(C. oculusiridis)、圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus spp.)、卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros castracanei)、劳氏角毛藻(Ch. lorenzianus)、旋链角毛藻(Ch. curvisetus)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、柔弱几内亚藻(Guianardia delicatula)、刚毛根管藻(Rhizosolenia setigera)、翼鼻状藻印度变型(Proboscia alata f. indica)和夜光藻(Noctilluca scintillans)。浮游植物细胞丰度存在明显的季节差异,11月、7月和5月浮游植物细胞丰度分别为94.79×104、39.53×104和21.5×104 cell/m³,浮游植物多样性指数也有明显的季节差异,11月香农–威纳多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均比5月和7月高。从人工鱼礁区与对照区对比来看,5月浮游植物细胞丰度礁区外显著高于鱼礁区,7月和11月2014年鱼礁区浮游植物细胞丰度显著高于其他鱼礁区和礁区外。浮游植物多样性指数,礁区外和2012年鱼礁区低于2010年和2014年鱼礁区,礁区外最低。研究表明,人工鱼礁的构建对于提高浮游植物群落多样性具有显著效果,但随着时间的延长,浮游植物群落多样性不是一直增高,有一定程度的波动。     

2004年春至秋季福建定海湾浮游植物生态特征及探讨

2004年春至秋季对定海湾海区浮游植物的监测结果,主要有4门24属47种浮游植物。其中硅藻35种,甲藻10种,此外,还包括金藻、蓝藻各1种。该海区浮游植物生态类型以广温广盐性沿岸种类为主,如中肋骨条藻等;另有近岸低盐性类群,如叉状角藻等;也出现外海高盐类群,如翼根管藻等。该海区的浮游植物量为1.35×103~2.54×105个/L,并在夏季出现浮游植物量高峰期;浮游植物优势种以硅藻占绝对优势;以优势种出现次数较高的种类有:中肋骨条藻、旋链角毛藻、洛氏角毛藻、丹麦细柱藻等。该海区内香农—威纳指数为0.99~3.75,平均值为2.24;玛格丽夫指数为0.073~1.240,平均0.511;物种均匀度为0.53~0.90;平均值为0.77;D IN的质量浓度为0.050~1.041 mg/L;活性磷酸盐质量浓度为0.002~0.036 mg/L。     

天津大神堂海洋特别保护区海域浮游植物多样性研究

通过2012年4月和9月及2013年5月和9月天津大神堂海洋特别保护区海域9个站位定点采样调查,分析了其浮游植物的种类多样性和种群动态.结果表明,该海域共鉴定浮游植物4门20属49种,主要为近岸低盐性种类并伴有少量外海高盐性种类.其中,硅藻门44种,占90％;金藻门1种,占2％;蓝藻门1种,占2％;甲藻门3种,占6％.优势种类有硅藻门的威氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros weissflogii）、星脐圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus asteromphalus）、虹彩圆筛藻（Cos.oculus-iridis）、苏氏圆筛藻（Cos.thorii）、尖刺菱形藻（Nitzschia pungens）、美丽曲舟藻（Pleurosigma formosum）、柔弱根管藻（Rhizosolenia delicatula）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）和甲藻门的夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）,其中赤潮种类中肋骨条藻一直居于优势地位.该海域浮游植物物种丰度、多样性指数、均匀度指数均较低,说明种群结构不稳定,总体呈现中度污染状态.     

鸭绿江口赤潮监控区海域浮游植物群落

研究了2011—2015年鸭绿江口辽宁东港赤潮监控区海域浮游植物群落,并分析了其与各环境因子之间的相关性。5年共检出浮游植物3门53属136种,其中硅藻门40属107种,甲藻门11属27种,金藻门2属2种。各季节优势种多为赤潮藻,如尖刺伪菱形藻、柔弱角毛藻、中肋骨条藻和丹麦细柱藻等。浮游植物数量通常在春季和秋季出现高峰,在夏季与水温呈显著负相关,相关系数-0.696(P0.01)。与夏季和秋季相比,春季浮游植物群落结构稳定性较差,易出现细胞数量和优势度均较高的单一优势种,可见春季—初夏是该海域赤潮易发季节。近年来偶见种和暖水种成为优势种的现象指示了外来物种入侵或调查海域环境的改变。     

闽江口海域浮游植物群落结构特征

2009年5月、11月分别对闽江口海域进行春季和秋季航次的调查,共检出浮游植物5门54属129种,其中硅藻门46属118种,占总种数的91％,甲藻门5属8种,占总种数的6％,蓝藻门1属1种,占总种数的1％,绿藻门1属1种,占总种数的1％,隐藻门1属1种,占总种数的1％.浮游植物春季航次优势种有3种,分别为中肋骨条藻、旋链角毛藻和柔弱角毛藻;秋季航次优势种也是3种,分别为中肋骨条藻、细弱圆筛藻和琼氏圆筛藻.浮游植物细胞密度范围为1.56×103～ 7.43×105cell/L,春季高于秋季.春季浮游植物细胞密度与水温呈显著正相关关系,与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关关系;秋季浮游植物细胞密度与盐度呈极显著负相关关系,与溶解无机氮浓度呈极显著正相关关系.     

2009年春夏季浙江中北部近岸海域浮游植物群落特征

分析了2009年春季(4月)和夏季(8月)在浙江中北部海域(121°30′~123°30′E、28°30′~30°45′N)进行调查所采集的浮游植物样品,对调查海域浮游植物群落的物种组成、细胞丰度的平面分布、优势种分布和群落的多样性指数等群落特征进行分析研究。初步鉴定浮游植物6门62属169种,硅藻占绝对优势。春季主要优势种为中肋骨条藻、蛇目圆筛藻、星脐圆筛藻和辐射圆筛藻。夏季主要优势种为尖刺拟菱形藻、窄隙角毛藻、中肋骨条藻和远距角毛藻。不同季节优势种既有交叉又有演替;春季浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.01×104~40.67×104cells/m3之间,平均为3.80×104cells/m3;夏季介于0.28×104~6 546.22×104cells/m3之间,平均为467.59×104cells/m3。细胞数量季节变化显著,浮游植物平面分布特征呈明显的斑块状分布,优势种明显。春季的香农-维纳指数和Pielou均匀度指数都好于夏季,而细胞丰度却低于夏季。     

海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁区浮游植物群落组成及与环境因子的关系

通过2012年9月至2013年8月对海州湾前三岛人工鱼礁及邻近海域浮游植物4个航次的调查,共鉴定出浮游植物3门35属85种,其中硅藻门67种,甲藻门17种,金藻门1种。春、秋季全区浮游植物丰度(分别为16.5×105、13.31×105 cell/m3)明显高于夏、冬季(分别为6×105、3.8×105 cell/m3)。主要优势种有密联角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)、深环沟角毛藻(Chaetoceros constrictus)、拟旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus)、细弱圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus subtilis)、明璧圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus debilis)、卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros castracanei)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)等,其中密联角毛藻为春季的绝对优势种。除春季鱼礁区与对照区浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度指数存在显著性差异外,其他季节的鱼礁区与对照区浮游植物群落参数(浮游植物种类数、细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度、丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数)均无显著性差异(P0.05),但不同季节间浮游植物群落参数存在显著差异(P0.01)。环境因子在鱼礁区与对照区不存在显著差异(P0.05),但不同季节间存在显著差异(P0.05)。多维尺度和聚类分析表明,浮游植物的群落组成存在明显的季节差异,但区域间无显著差异(P0.05)。人工鱼礁区与对照区相似的浮游植物群落结构可能是由于对照区与鱼礁区相距较近、调查范围小、水较深、采样站位靠近岛屿及人工鱼礁投放时间较短等因素引起的。冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)结果表明,影响浮游植物群落的主要环境因子依次为:温度、Si O3-Si、溶解氧(DO)、PO4-P、生化需氧量(BOD5)、可溶无机氮(DIN)、化学需氧量(COD)和透明度。     

Evaluating the chronic effects of nitrate on the health and performance of post-smolt Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in freshwater recirculation aquaculture systems

Commercial production of Atlantic salmon smolts, post-smolts, and market-size fish using land-based recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) is expanding. RAS generally provide a nutrient-rich environment in which nitrate accumulates as an end-product of nitrification. An 8-month study was conducted to compare the long-term effects of “high” (99 ± 1 mg/L NO₃-N) versus “low” nitrate-nitrogen (10.0 ± 0.3 mg/L NO₃-N) on the health and performance of post-smolt Atlantic salmon cultured in replicate freshwater RAS. Equal numbers of salmon with an initial mean weight of 102 ± 1 g were stocked into six 9.5 m³ RAS. Three RAS were maintained with high NO₃-N via continuous dosing of sodium nitrate and three RAS were maintained with low NO₃-N resulting solely from nitrification. An average daily water exchange rate equivalent to 60% of the system volume limited the accumulation of water quality parameters other than nitrate. Atlantic salmon performance metrics (e.g. weight, length, condition factor, thermal growth coefficient, and feed conversion ratio) were not affected by 100 mg/L NO₃-N and cumulative survival was >99% for both treatments. No important differences were noted between treatments for whole blood gas, plasma chemistry, tissue histopathology, or fin quality parameters suggesting that fish health was unaffected by nitrate concentration. Abnormal swimming behaviors indicative of stress or reduced welfare were not observed. This research suggests that nitrate-nitrogen concentrations ≤ 100 mg/L do not affect post-smolt Atlantic salmon health or performance under the described conditions.     

鼠尾藻对不同浓度硝酸盐的静态吸收研究

藻类修复富营养化水体中的硝酸盐的效果主要体现在对其吸收能力上。为了准确把握鼠尾藻对硝酸盐的吸收能力,在人工养殖的条件下,通过观察模拟自然海区环境条件下鼠尾藻对不同浓度硝酸盐的吸收情况,研究了鼠尾藻在不同污染程度的海区中除氮量的贡献率大小。结果表明：当硝酸态氮含量为10～30μmol.L-1时,吸收速率随着硝酸盐含量的增加而增大,在硝酸盐浓度为30μmol.L-1时吸收速率最大,但随着硝酸盐含量的继续增加,吸收速率反而降低。说明硝酸盐含量约为30μmol.L-1时,鼠尾藻对硝酸盐的吸收能力最强。     

Denitrification in recirculating systems: Theory and applications

Profitability of recirculating systems depends in part on the ability to manage nutrient wastes. Nitrogenous wastes in these systems can be eliminated through nitrifying and denitrifying biofilters. While nitrifying filters are incorporated in most recirculating systems according to well-established protocols, denitrifying filters are still under development. By means of denitrification, oxidized inorganic nitrogen compounds, such as nitrite and nitrate are reduced to elemental nitrogen (N₂). The process is conducted by facultative anaerobic microorganisms with electron donors derived from either organic (heterotrophic denitrification) or inorganic sources (autotrophic denitrification). In recirculating systems and traditional wastewater treatment plants, heterotrophic denitrification often is applied using external electron and carbon donors (e.g. carbohydrates, organic alcohols) or endogenous organic donors originating from the waste. In addition to nitrate removal, denitrifying organisms are associated with other processes relevant to water quality control in aquaculture systems. Denitrification raises the alkalinity and, hence, replenishes some of the inorganic carbon lost through nitrification. Organic carbon discharge from recirculating systems is reduced when endogenous carbon sources originating from the fish waste are used to fuel denitrification. In addition to the carbon cycle, denitrifiers also are associated with sulfur and phosphorus cycles in recirculating systems. Orthophosphate uptake by some denitrifiers takes place in excess of their metabolic requirements and may result in a considerable reduction of orthophosphate from the culture water. Finally, autotrophic denitrifiers may prevent the accumulation of toxic sulfide resulting from sulfate reduction in marine recirculating systems. Information on nitrate removal in recirculating systems is limited to studies with small-scale experimental systems. Packed bed reactors supplemented with external carbon sources are used most widely for nitrate removal in these systems. Although studies on the application of denitrification in freshwater and marine recirculating systems were initiated some thirty years ago, a unifying concept for the design and operation of denitrifying biofilters in recirculating systems is lacking.     

Heterotrophic denitrification of aquaculture effluent using fluidized sand biofilters

The ability to consistently and cost-effectively reduce nitrate-nitrogen loads in effluent from recirculating aquaculture systems would enhance the industry's environmental stewardship and allow improved facility proximity to large markets in sensitive watersheds. Heterotrophic denitrification technologies specifically employing organic carbon found in aquaculture system waste offer a unique synergy for treatment of land-based, closed-containment production outflows. For space-efficient fluidized sand biofilters to be used as such denitrification reactors, system parameters (e.g., influent dissolved oxygen and carbon to nitrogen ratios, C:N) must be evaluated to most effectively use an endogenous carbon source. The objectives of this work were to quantify nitrate removal under a range of C:Ns and to explore the biofilter bacterial community using three replicated fluidized sand biofilters (height 3.9 m, diameter 0.31 m; fluidized sand volume plus biofilm volume of 0.206 m³) operated at a hydraulic retention time of 15 min and a hydraulic loading rate of 188 L/min m² at The Conservation Fund Freshwater Institute in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA. Nitrate reduction was consistently observed during the biofilter study period (26.9 ± 0.9% removal efficiency; 402 ± 14 g NO₃-N/(m³ biofilter d)) although nitrite-N and total ammonium nitrogen concentrations slightly increased (11 and 13% increases, respectively). Nitrate removal efficiency was correlated with carbonaceous oxygen demand to nitrate ratios (R² > 0.70). Nitrate removal rates during the study period were moderately negatively correlated with influent dissolved oxygen concentration indicating it may be possible the biofilter hydraulic retention time was too short to provide optimized nitrate removal. It is reasonable to assume that the efficiency of nitrate removal across the fluidized sand biofilters could be substantially increased, as long as organic carbon was not limiting, by increasing biofilter bed depths (to 6–10 m), and thus hydraulic retention time. These findings provide a low-cost yet effective technology to remove nitrate-nitrogen from effluent waters of land-based closed-containment aquaculture systems.     

松华坝水库上游牧羊河氮、磷主要来源研究

牧羊河是昆明松华坝水库的一条重要支流,其水质的好坏直接关系到松华坝水库的水质。面源污染是影响水库水质的主要因素。通过对流域内农田径流、农村生活污水以及牧羊河丰水期与枯水期水质的测定,对总氮、总磷指标进行了评价和分析,得出了牧羊河氮、磷主要来源于松华坝水源区面源污染,且流域内面源污染对牧羊河水体总氮含量影响较大。     

东海北部渔场葛氏长臂虾密度分布与硝酸盐分布的研究

以“东海区虾蟹资源调查”课题在1998年8月和1999年2月获得的东海水文、虾类调查资料为基础,结合参考资料,对东海北部海区(30°N以北、128°E以西)的葛氏长臂虾密度分布规律进行了分析,对硝酸盐浓度分布进行了研究。虾类调查采用单船桁杆式拖网扫海,调查时间与硝酸盐采样同步。结果发现:(1)硝酸盐浓度分布受长江冲淡水影响很大,夏、冬有别;(2)夏、冬季葛氏长臂虾的密度分布均与硝酸盐浓度分布成反比关系,且吻合较好;(3)葛氏长臂虾的密度分布在很大程度上取决于长江冲淡水的走向。     

Plastic carrier polishing chamber reduces pollution swapping from denitrifying woodchip bioreactors

Denitrifying bioreactors with solid organic carbon sources (i.e., “woodchip bioreactors”) have proven to be relatively simple and cost effective treatment systems for nitrate-laden agricultural and aquacultural waters and wastewaters. However, because this technology is still relatively new, design modifications, such as the addition of a post-bioreactor polishing chamber filled with inert media, may offer potential to increase nitrate removal and mitigate unintended bioreactor by-products. Paired-column configurations filled with woodchips followed by plastic biofilm carrier media showed significant nitrate removal within the woodchip bioreactor columns (37, 26, and 88% nitrate removal efficiencies at woodchip column retention times of 7.1, 18, and 52 h), but no significant additional nitrate removal benefit of the post-processing plastic media chamber (41, 22, and 89% nitrate removal efficiencies, respectively). Releases of chemical oxygen demand from the woodchips were likely not sufficient to fuel significant nitrate removal in the polishing chamber. However, the polishing chamber significantly reduced nitrite releases from the bioreactor columns, and provided some mitigation of reduced sulfate during the 52-h retention time testing period (influent, woodchip effluent, and plastic chamber effluent sulfate concentrations of 23.6, 18.8, and 20.7 mg SO₄²⁻ L⁻¹, respectively). A full-scale post-woodchip polishing chamber filled with inert plastic media generally may not be worth the added cost unless the receiving waters are particularly sensitive to nitrite or hydrogen sulfide.     

Effect of different C/N ratios and hydraulic retention times on denitrification in saline,recirculating aquaculture system effluents

Data on operation and performance of cost-effective solutions for end-of-pipe removal of nitrate from land-based saltwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are scarce but increasingly requested by the aquaculture industry. This study investigated the performance of a (semi)commercial-scale fixed-bed denitrification unit using single sludge for treating effluent from a commercial, saltwater RAS used for production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A fixed-bed denitrification reactor was fed continuously with 3-days hydrolyzed sludge from the commercial RAS, and was operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs; 1.82, 3.64, 5.46, or 7.28 h) or influent C/N ratios (3, 5, 7, or 10). Twenty-four h pooled samples were collected from the inflowing RAS water and the hydrolyzed sludge as well as from the denitrification reactor outlet, and samples were analyzed for nutrients and organic matter content.Nitrate removal rates increased consistently with decreasing HRT (from 64.3 ± 5.2–162.7 ± 22.0 g NO₃-N/m³/d within the HRTs tested) at non-limiting C/N ratios, while nitrate removal efficiencies decreased (from 99.6 ± 0.3–58.2 ± 8.9 %). With increasing influent C/N ratios at constant HRT (3.64 h), nitrate removal rates increased until the removal efficiency was close to 100 % and nitrate concentration in the denitrification reactor became rate-limiting. A maximum nitrate removal rate of 162.7 ± 2.0 g NO₃-N/m³/d was achieved at a HRT of 1.82 h and an influent C/N of 6.6 ± 0.5, while the most efficient use of hydrolyzed sludge (0.19 ± 0.02 g NO₃-N removed/g sCOD supplied) was obtained with a HRT of 3.64 h and a C/N ratio of 2.9. Removal rates of organic matter significantly and consistently increased with decreasing HRT and increasing C/N ratio. In addition, reducing HRT and increasing C/N ratios significantly improved removal of total phosphorus (TP) and PO₄-P.In conclusion, optimal management of the operating parameters (HRT and C/N ratio) in a single-sludge denitrification process can significantly reduce the discharge of nitrogen, organic matter, and phosphorous from land-based saltwater RAS and thus contribute to increased sustainability.     

乳山湾东流区水体有机物与氮,磷营养盐及盐度的关系

通过调查分析结果得出，乳山湾水体中ＣＯＤ与盐度呈负相关趋势，在养殖高峰期的７月和８月显著性较差。ＣＯＤ与ＮＯ３－Ｎ和ＰＯ４－Ｄ呈正相关趋势，但除６月份与ＮＯ３－Ｎ显著性较高外，７，８，９月份相关性不十分显著。硝酸盐与盐度具有较显著的负相关关系。     

基于15N稳定同位素技术的斜生栅藻对硝氮和氨氮吸收研究

硝氮(NO3--N)和氨氮(NH4+-N)是水体中无机氮的主要形态。利用15N稳定同位素技术研究了斜生栅藻(Scendesmus obliquus)对NO3--N和NH4+-N的吸收特征。结果显示,在相同浓度条件下,斜生栅藻对NH4+-N的吸收速率显著高于对NO3--N的吸收率,在180min的试验中,对15NH4+-N的吸收速率为0.62～1.15μmol/(g·min);对15NO3--N的吸收速率为0.08～0.15μmol/(g·min)。在NO3--N和NH4+-N2种形态氮源同时存在的混合组中,斜生栅藻对NO3--N的吸收速率[0.12～1.00μmol/(g·min)]显著低于NO3--N作为唯一氮源的单一组[0.78～1.23μmol/(g·min)],表明NH4+-N的存在对藻类吸收NO3--N有抑制作用。在14NO3--N和15NO3--N同时存在时,斜生栅藻优先吸收14NO3--N,产生同位素分馏效应,但不同形态氮对藻类氮吸收的影响远远大于同位素的影响。