虹鳟鱼卵体外不同受精时间对受精率、发眼率的影响

通过虹鳟鱼卵体外滞留1．2．3．4．5．6min 6个梯度，对受精率、发眼率的影响实验结果表明：随着鱼卵在体外滞留时间的延长，受精率随之下降，分别为95％，85％，75％，75％，60％，60％；从受精卵发育到发眼卵，虹鳟卵在空气中滞留的时间与发眼率之间无相关性，发眼率不随虹鳟卵在空气中滞留的时间变化而变化，发眼率变幅在91．2～93．9％。     

大银鱼人工采卵授精技术报告

平旺水库位于河北省赞皇县境内槐河上游，宜渔面积3000亩。1996年1月从山东省诸城市王里在水库引进大银鱼受精卵500万粒，一次移植成功。据9月底预测有大银鱼资源量4000－5000kg，并安排人工采卵。采卵技术人员于12月6日进驻水库，19日进入采卵高潮，至”日结束，共采集银鱼卵0．98亿粒，经人工作卵（人工授精，下同）后，受精率为80％以上。IWh年人工采卵及作卵成效较好，原因之一是留足了产卵亲鱼，这是能作大量优质鱼卵的物质基础；二是采取了一系列有力的技术措施，现报告如下。l估算亲鱼资源量，有计划安排人工采卵lop年1月移植大银鱼…     

三里庄水库大银鱼人工繁殖技术

三里庄水库1993年12月从江苏省东海县引进大银鱼卵150万粒。1995年采卵授精4000多万粒，受精率在80％以上。本文介绍了大银鱼人工采卵繁殖的具体操作技术。     

日本采用等渗液洗卵法

用人工方法采虹鳟鱼卵，要保证没有坏死卵是困难的，如坏死卵占3％以上，几乎不能受精；在1．2％，受精率则在10％以下，要保证受精率在80％以上，坏死卵不能超过O．15％。受精率低的原因，是由于从坏死卵里渗出的卵黄蛋白，会凝结精子而使其停止活动。日本现采用等渗液(盐溶液)洗去由坏死卵渗出的卵黄蛋白，以提高受精率。等渗液配方：将食盐90．4克、氯化钾2．4克、氯化钙2．6克，依次溶解在10升的淡水里。精子和卵在等渗液中的受精能力可保持很长时间。     

扁吻鱼胚胎发育及仔稚鱼形态与生长观察研究

文章采用干法受精获取受精卵的方法,对扁吻鱼(Aspiorhynchus laticeps)胚胎发育和仔稚鱼的形态变化进行观察.研究结果表明,扁吻鱼卵为沉性卵,卵细胞呈青灰色、微黏性.该次孵化共获取成熟卵21.45×104粒,受精率88.95％,孵化率93.27％.扁吻鱼成熟卵卵径(2.46±0.13)mm,受精卵吸水后...     

硬头鳟人工繁育和胚胎发育初探

2013年12月-2014年5月,在丰宁天河龙养殖有限公司进行了硬头鳟人工孵化和硬头鳟人工种间杂交试验。通过成熟卵和受精卵、过熟卵受精前后比较,受精卵不同时间卵径变化比较,受精率、发眼率、孵化率、出苗率的观察研究,结果表明:受精卵在不同时期卵径变化不大,在5.21~5.27mm,只是颜色由浅变深,由橘黄色或淡黄色变成微红色;在平均温度为4.82℃时,从授精到发眼需51.7d,有效积温达248.5℃·d;发眼后平均温度为6.11℃时28d破膜,有效积温达391.8℃·d;发眼后63d有效积温达599.7℃·d上浮;而在温度为7.5℃时,发眼后17d就破膜,29d就上浮,温度对冷水鱼胚胎发育影响明显;硬头鳟纯亲本人工孵化受精率、发眼率、孵化率和出苗率分别是90.2%、88.4%、85.1%、80.4%,比硬头鳟和金鳟杂交人工孵化分别高出23.1%、17.2%、15.7%、19.2%;初孵仔鱼,全身透明,背鳍原基出现,血液循环和心跳清晰可见,心跳次数80~81次/min。     

海水及氨水对九孔鲍卵催熟的研究

分别于水温26℃、盐度32的条件下和水温24℃、盐度32以及产卵后用0．002％的氨水刺激卵子的条件下，利用光学显微镜观察了九孔鲍排出体外的成熟未受精卵的形态，并研究了形态与时间、受精与时间的关系。实验结果表明，在水温为26℃、盐度为32的条件下，卵子在排出后开始吸水膨胀，卵趋于卵膜中间。产卵20min后，卵子吸收了一定水分，卵才有受精能力，在排卵后25－50min，在用有很强活力的精子的前提下，受精率达到最高值，而在排卵2h后，卵子开始失水，卵趋于卵膜一侧，卵的受精能力开始大幅度下降。在水温24℃、盐度为32及产卵后用0．002％的氨水刺激卵子的条件下，6min后，卵子吸收了一定水分，卵大多数成熟。     

不同颜色亚东鲑卵的营养成分比较分析

亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario)作为我国西藏亚东地区特色经济鱼类,目前已经实现规模化人工养殖。在亚东鲑人工繁育过程中存在不同颜色的卵(黄色和橘红色),且2种卵的质量在受精率、孵化率及仔鱼质量等方面表现不同。目前,对2种颜色卵营养成分的比较研究尚未见报道。本研究旨在对亚东鲑人工养殖过程中2种不同颜色卵的营养成分进行分析和比较。实验样品来自西藏亚东县产业园亚东鲑繁育养殖基地。每种卵测定3个重复。结果显示,黄色卵粗蛋白和灰分含量显著低于橘红色卵,而粗脂肪和水分含量显著高于橘红色卵。黄色卵的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)以及二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著低于橘红色卵,而单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)尤其是C18:1n-9含量显著高于橘红色卵。黄色卵的必需氨基酸(EAA)总量,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)总量以及总氨基酸(TAA)略低于橘红色卵;而在EAA中,黄色卵的缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸显著低于橘红色卵。黄色卵中蛋白质羰基和丙二醛含量高于橘红色卵,而α-维生素E和虾青素含量低于橘红色卵。综上所述,橘红色卵中有较高的蛋白质、部分必需氨基酸、DHA、α-维生素E和虾青素含量,而过氧化产物含量较低,这可能是橘红色卵质量优于黄色卵的部分原因。     

真鲷亲鱼培育及采卵技术的研究

1991～1994年通过对真细亲鱼的优选和强化培育，获得了良好的产卵效果。本文就亲鱼室内产卵习性、产卵规律以及产卵期卵子的数量、质量、卵径、单位重量卵粒数、孵化率等的变化作了详细论述。结果表明：真细亲鱼经人工强化培育，可有规律地连续产卵，产卵期长达60～75d；产卵量呈抛物线式变化，形成初期、盛期和末期；正常卵率、孵出率、单位重量卵粒数等随产卵期的推移逐渐增高；而卵径则随产卵期的推移逐渐变小，卵径与单位重量卵粒数呈负相关变化。     

链,鳙鱼成熟卵卵径相关性的研究

对生活条件相似的一群链亲鱼和一群鳙新鱼作成熟卵卵径的测量，探讨亲鱼体重与卵径的相关关系。结果表明，鲢、鳙的卵径变化与体重无关，而且是因个体而异：γ链＝０．２２０１，Ｐ〈０．０５；γ鳙＝－０．１６８３，Ｐ〈０．０５。     

大鲵成熟精、卵的形态学观察及受精卵孵化中的形态变化

本文通过连续９年观察中国大鲵成熟精子,连续１０年观察中国大鲵成熟卵子的形态后加以概括描述。正常精子呈尖椒状,全长约１９０μｍ,头部约占全长的２５％,头尾部之间无明显颈部。中国大鲵产出的卵为念珠状长链型带形卵,卵球含三层膜,卵有单胞卵也有多胞卵,卵的形态多样。受精卵孵化过程吸水增大,第五天吸足平衡,吸水率达１８５％;胶带也吸水增大,第四天基本吸足,吸水率达１５０％。     

伊犁裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的观察

2010年5月通过人工催产,人工授精方法获得伊犁裂腹鱼(Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis Herzenstein)受精卵,在人工培育的条件下对其胚胎和仔鱼发育进行观察.结果显示:伊犁裂腹鱼成熟卵为淡黄色,卵径为1.70～1.80 mm.受精40 min后,受精卵卵周隙接近最大化,此时卵径为2.9...     

Fecundity changes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) during egg incubation

Abstract. For a study of the fecundity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii , a total of 117 berried females were sampled from ponds. Fecundity was found to vary from 1216 to 89747 eggs for prawns measuring 9.0cm to 15.8cm total length and weighing 6.22 to 45.80g. The relationship between fecundity (EN) and total length (TL) was found to be EN = 0.001876 TL^6.3617.
The average egg number/g total body weight for prawns having orange, yellow and grey eggs was 1132.7 ± 484.1,766.4 ± 524.3 and 745.5 ± 487.2, respectively, a decrease of 32.3% when orange eggs became yellow and 34.3% when they turned grey. This decrease was probably due to unfertilized eggs dropping off and some eggs being eaten by the brooders during the incubation period.
Egg numbers/g egg weight were found to be 11360.1 ± 1642.1,10715.7 ± 2725.3 and 8634.0 ± 1892.3 for orange, yellow and grey eggs, respectively. When compared to orange eggs, yellow eggs were slightly heavier (6%), but grey eggs were significantly heavier by 31.6%. The increase in the weight of the grey eggs can be explained by the elongation of fully formed organs and appendages by about 17 days post fertilization.     

山女鳟人工受精孵化技术初步研究

从日本引进的山女鳟发眼卵育成亲鱼后,以挤腹法采孵,取精,干导法人工受精,经30－60分钟止水膨胀后入桶式孵化器进行流水孵化,发展率25．2％,孵化稚鱼畸形率5．1％,患脐囊白点症的占7．3％,稚鱼体质软弱,受精后1－分钟内采用免膨法将卵将卵直接入桶孵化,发眼率59．4％,孵化稚鱼98％以上发育正常,畸形率3．6％,水质澄清孵化水温12℃试验组发眼率95．1％,孵化率94．0％,孵化稚鱼体质良好。     

三疣梭子蟹受精卵离体孵化技术

为了探究三疣梭子蟹受精卵的离体孵化技术及效果,本研究先后开展了受精卵块最适分离液种类及作用条件的筛选、分离液处理不同发育期受精卵离体孵化的差异、分离液处理对受精卵卵膜的结构影响,及分离液处理受精卵对孵化后幼体活力的影响实验。结果显示,木瓜蛋白酶是一种较为理想的分离液,在浓度为0.09 g/mL,分离时间30 min时,分离率可达到99%以上;经过分离液处理后的各期受精卵均能孵化出幼体,卵内溞状幼体期离体胚胎孵化率最高,为89.0%±3.3%,未经处理的对照组为70.0%±4.8%;卵裂期离体胚胎孵化率最低,为58.0%±3.9%,对照组为31.0%±2.3%,与对照组相比,处理组的孵化率明显提高。透射电镜结果显示,经过分离液处理的受精卵卵膜结构疏松,且厚度降低,符合处理组孵化率增加这一现象,干露、福尔马林溶液胁迫和行为学测试对不同处理组的幼体进行质量评价的结果显示,处理组和对照组幼体活力无显著差异。研究表明,实验所获得的分离液可以有效提高三疣梭子蟹受精卵的分离率和孵化率,且不影响幼体质量,可为三疣梭子蟹及其他甲壳动物受精卵的离体孵化提供参考。本研究可为三疣梭子蟹的苗种繁育提供新的技术手段,也将为基因编辑辅助育种等技术的实施奠定基础。     

野生和养殖曼氏无针乌贼亲体形态、生化组分及其胚胎发育的比较

为优化曼氏无针乌贼人工繁育技术,提高人工增殖苗种的产量与质量,采用实验生态学方法,对比分析了野生和养殖曼氏无针乌贼（Sepiella japonica）的表观形态、生化组分及其受精卵的形态差异,探究了光照周期与受精卵胶质外膜对曼氏无针乌贼胚胎发育的影响。结果显示：野生和养殖曼氏无针乌贼的表观形态、生化组分均存在显著差异,野生群体性成熟规格远大于养殖群体,肌肉和肝脏组织中的脂肪含量显著低于养殖群体（P<0.05）,卵巢中的蛋白质含量则显著高于养殖群体（P<0.05）;养殖亲体所产黑卵在12D12L光照周期条件下孵化率最高,所产白卵在24D和24L条件下孵化率最高,野生亲体所产卵在24D和12D12L条件下孵化率最高;随光照时间的延长,受精卵的平均孵化时间具有先增加后减小的趋势,表明光照周期是影响曼氏无针乌贼胚胎发育的重要因素;实验发现,将受精卵胶质外膜剥离处理后,养殖亲体所产黑白卵的平均孵化时间具有减少的趋势,但孵化率显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,建议在曼氏无针乌贼人工苗种生产过程中,尽量选用大规格野生乌贼作为繁育亲体。此外,在受精卵孵化期间,应对孵化池进行适当遮光处理,避免受精卵长时间暴露于强光照环境中,以提高孵化率和仔乌成活率。本实验研究结果可为曼氏无针乌贼人工苗种繁育技术优化提供参考。     

大黄鱼（♀）与黄姑鱼（♂）人工杂交子代的胚胎发育

2008年10月,在福建宁德水产技术推广站进行了大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea,♀）×黄姑鱼（Nibea alb-iflora,♂）杂交,观察了杂交子代胚胎发育。大黄鱼和黄姑鱼亲鱼平均体质量和体长分别为405 g、27.9 cm和390g、24.8cm,采用干法人工授精。受精卵浮性,为单油球端黄卵,卵径1060～1500μm,油球379.8μm左右。在水温25.8～26.2℃,盐度26的条件下,经18h55min半数受精卵破膜,胚胎发育分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、肌节出现期、心跳期、肌肉效应期、出膜前期和出膜期,初孵仔鱼全长2.75～2.98mm,受精率约为14.4%,孵化率约为31.9%,畸形率约为30%。共培育杂交初孵仔鱼5万尾。3日龄仔鱼开口摄食轮虫,7日龄开始摄食小型挠足类。     

大黄鱼（♀）与黄姑鱼（♂）人工杂交子代的胚胎发育

2008年10月,在福建宁德水产技术推广站进行了大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea,♀）×黄姑鱼（Nibea alb-iflora,♂）杂交,观察了杂交子代胚胎发育。大黄鱼和黄姑鱼亲鱼平均体质量和体长分别为405 g、27.9 cm和390g、24.8cm,采用干法人工授精。受精卵浮性,为单油球端黄卵,卵径1060～1500μm,油球379.8μm左右。在水温25.8～26.2℃,盐度26的条件下,经18h55min半数受精卵破膜,胚胎发育分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、肌节出现期、心跳期、肌肉效应期、出膜前期和出膜期,初孵仔鱼全长2.75～2.98mm,受精率约为14.4%,孵化率约为31.9%,畸形率约为30%。共培育杂交初孵仔鱼5万尾。3日龄仔鱼开口摄食轮虫,7日龄开始摄食小型挠足类。     

Diphasic sedimentation technique complemented by a statistical approach as a useful tool to the quantification and the determination of dynamics of eggs produced by adult monogenean parasitizing groupers,Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), in captivity

Monogenean parasites create problems in confined fish, such as at aquaculture and aquariums facilities. Strategic timing of antihelminthic treatments should be based on the dynamics of monogenean egg production which requires egg quantification, but there is no standardized analytical method. The WHO diphasic sedimentation method for helminth quantification of eggs was applied in samples with tetrahedral and fusiform monogenean eggs from six specimens of confined groupers (Epinephelus marginatus) (31 m³ sea water tank; water temperature 21.1–14.4°C; photoperiod 9:53–15 h light; November 2011 to June 2012). Helminth eggs remain in the pellet, while most organic matter was removed forming a cap. In contrast, monogenean eggs are distributed within both the pellet and cap. The diphasic sedimentation method is suitable to quantify tetrahedral and total egg number by counting those eggs in the pellet and incorporing water temperature data to obtain a statistically significant model expression (R² = 0.943; R² = 0.809), while this approach only weakly predicted fusiform egg numbers (R² = 0.297). Fusiform egg numbers declined along November–December, and increased in February–March, until June. Tetrahedral eggs decreased in November–December, but did not increase until March. The trend of egg populations and best time for antihelminthic treatment application can be set by WHO technique with the statistical approach proposed.     

Egg Quality Determinants in Finfish The Role of Overripening with Special Reference to the Timing of Stripping in the Atlantic Halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Egg quality, those characteristics of the egg that determine its capacity to survive, is a significant problem for many species of fish currently being farmed. Little is known about the determinants of egg quality and there is little agreement regarding reliable methods for its assessment. To be of practical benefit, assessments should be simple to perform and should be carried out as early in development as is possible. Fertilization rates are often used as measures of quality. For the Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus, fertilization rate and assessments of cell symmetry at early cleavage stages provide reasonable indicators of quality. Regardless of assessment method, it is strongly recommended that performance data from all batches of each broodfish be examined when surveying the overall quality of a stock. The misleading effects of pooling such information are demonstrated for a rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss broodstock. Although a large number of factors have been implicated as possible determinants of egg quality, only 1) bacterial colonization of the eggs, 2) nutritional status of the broodfish and, 3) overripening, the process of aging that occurs when eggs are retained within the broodfish after ovulation, have been clearly shown to affect egg quality. The effect of overripening on fish egg quality is discussed in detail. Species-specific differences in the time scale of overripening are pointed out and related to spawning strategy and water temperature. Rainbow trout eggs and those of other salmonids should be fertilized within approximately one week of ovulation. Overripening proceeds much more rapidly in warm water species, e.g., tilapia eggs must be fertilized within an hour or so of ovulation. Egg viability also decreases rapidly for batch spawning species. Fertilization data are presented for Atlantic halibut demonstrating that egg quality decreases 4–6 h after ovulation. The rate of overripening was comparable for eggs held in vitro in ovarian fluid to those retained within the ovarian lumen. These halibut data, combined with information from other marine and freshwater fish, indicate that overripening is a significant determinant of egg quality for many if not all fish.