能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响

本试验旨在研究能量限制对三黄鸡补偿生长及肠道结构的影响,选用72只15日龄三黄母鸡,随机分为3个组:自由采食组(对照组)、15%能量限制组(试验1组)和30%能量限制组(试验2组),限饲15 d(30日龄)、补偿生长14 d(44日龄)和35 d(65日龄)后分别屠宰,取其十二指肠、空肠、回肠,测量其肠壁厚度、绒毛高度和隐窝深度。结果表明:1)限饲降低三黄鸡平均日增重(P0.05),但料重比与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05)。补偿生长后,试验组与对照组组间的末重、平均日增重、料重比均差异不显著(P0.05)。2)限饲增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度及回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。补偿生长后,十二指肠肠壁厚度变薄(P0.05),空肠和回肠绒毛高度增加(P0.05)。本试验表明,能量限制显著降低三黄鸡限饲期生长性能,补偿生长35 d后表现出完全补偿生长效应;能量限制在一定程度上改善了三黄鸡的小肠肠道形态结构,增加了十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度。     

中链甘油三酯对断奶前仔猪生长性能、绒毛形态及血浆脂肪酸水平的影响

本研究旨在评估补充中链甘油三酯对仔猪断奶前生长性能、绒毛形态及血浆脂肪酸组成的影响。将300头新生仔猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头,对照组进行哺乳(不补充中链甘油三酯)、处理1组哺乳的同时补充中链甘油三酯、处理2组仅补充中链甘油三酯(不哺乳)。结果 :仔猪出生后第6和8天,处理1组仔猪体重较对照组和处理2组仔猪分别提高7.02%、14.10%和9.23%、12.55%(P 0.05)。仔猪出生后1～6 d处理1组较对照组和处理2组日增重分别提高40.58%和29.33%(P 0.05),而仔猪出生后1～8 d,处理1组日增重较对照组显著提高34.34%(P 0.05)。与对照组相比,补充中链甘油三酯产品的处理组仔猪血浆中链脂肪酸浓度显著升高(P 0.05)。处理1组仔猪出生后6 h十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P 0.05),而处理1组十二指肠隐窝深度显著高于对照组(P 0.05)。仔猪出生后6和8 d,处理1组仔猪十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度均显著高于对照组(P 0.05),处理组仔猪出生后8 d回肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P 0.05),但处理组仔猪出生6和8 d后十二指肠隐窝深度显著低于对照组(P 0.05)。仔猪出生后6 d,与对照组相比,处理组回肠隐窝深度显著提高(P 0.05)。结论 :断奶前补充中链甘油三酯可提高仔猪生长性能,提高仔猪以血浆中中链脂肪酸浓度,改善十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度。     

不同营养水平饲粮添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性及肠黏膜组织结构的影响

旨在研究在不同营养水平饲粮添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡生长性能、肠道消化酶活性及肠黏膜组织结构的影响。选取192羽1日龄罗斯308肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复16只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加0.2%的酵母浓缩物,Ⅲ组在低营养水平饲粮添加0.2%酵母浓缩物,试验期42d。结果表明:与对照组相比试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组ADG分别提高11.47%(P0.05)和4.20%(P0.05),F/G降低(P0.05),平均日增重(ADG)和F/G不同营养水平间差异不显著(P0.05);各组十二指肠内容物消化酶活性差异不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠绒毛高度分别提高6.16%(P0.05)和1.96%(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度分别提高3.43%(P0.05)和0.86%(P0.05),十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度不同营养水平间差异显著(P0.05);与对照组相比十二指肠隐窝深度分别降低2.25%(P0.05)和1.25%(P0.05),不同营养水平间差异显著(P0.05);与对照组相比十二指肠V/C分别提高8.51%(P0.05)和3.90%(P0.05),不同营养水平间差异显著(P0.05);回肠V/C分别提高5.27%(P0.05)和1.48%(P0.05),不同营养水平间差异不显著(P0.05)。综合分析,不同营养水平饲粮添加酵母浓缩物均可提高罗斯肉鸡ADG降低F/G,提高十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度、降低隐窝深度、提高V/C,低营养水平和适宜营养水平饲粮添加对罗斯肉鸡生长性能的影响差异不显著。     

太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构及盲肠内容物菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构和盲肠内容物菌群的影响。选取25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元杂交仔猪120头,按体重相近原则随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500(0.05%多糖组)、1 000(0.10%多糖组)和1 500 mg/kg(0.15%多糖组)太子参茎叶多糖。试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组十二指肠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量均显著升高(P0.05),0.10%多糖组十二指肠干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P0.05),0.10%和0.15%多糖组回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量均显著升高(P0.05);0.10%和0.15%多糖组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著增加(P0.05);0.15%多糖组回肠绒毛高度显著增加(P0.05);各试验组盲肠内容物中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖能够提高断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能,增加小肠绒毛高度和V/C值,调节盲肠内容物菌群结构,维持肠道微生态平衡;其适宜添加量为0.10%。     

小麦粉碎粒度与添加量对白羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态和肠道消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究在颗粒饲料中小麦粉碎粒度与添加量对20～50日龄817白羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态和肠道消化酶活性的影响。采用2×3两因素试验设计，其中小麦添加量分别为35%和55%，小麦粉碎筛片孔径分别为1.5、2.5和3.5 mm。选取720只20日龄、健康的817快大型白羽肉仔鸡（全公苗），按照体重相近的原则随机分成6组，每组6个重复，每个重复20只鸡。试验期31 d，分中鸡（20～34日龄）和大鸡（35～50日龄）2个阶段进行。结果表明：1）在试验各阶段，各组间肉鸡生长性能无显著性差异（P>0.05）。主效应分析结果表明，2.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组35～50日龄料重比（F/G）显著低于其他2组（P<0.05）。2)35日龄时，主效应分析结果表明，1.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组肉鸡十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著高于2.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组（P<0.05），十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）值以及回肠绒毛高度显著高于其他2组（P<0.05），回肠V/C值显著高于3.5 mm粉碎筛片孔径组（P<0.05）;35%添加量组回肠绒毛高度和V/C值显著高于55%...     

女贞子粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及肠道组织形态的影响

试验旨在研究在饲粮中添加不同水平女贞子粉对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质和肠道组织形态的影响。试验选用70周龄产蛋率相近的海兰褐蛋鸡270只,随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、试验Ⅰ组(基础饲粮+1%女贞子粉)、试验Ⅱ组(基础饲粮+2%女贞子粉),预饲期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组均显著提高了蛋鸡产蛋率(P0.05),但对蛋鸡料蛋比、破蛋率、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组蛋鸡的平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄相对重、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄胆固醇含量无显著变化(P0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组显著提高了蛋鸡空肠、回肠绒毛高度(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组显著提高了蛋鸡回肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度、十二指肠肠壁厚度(P0.05),但也显著降低了蛋鸡十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度(P0.05)。由此可见,在蛋鸡产蛋后期饲粮中添加适宜剂量(1%)的女贞子粉可提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善肠道组织形态。     

不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响。选取28日龄平均体重为(14.01±0.86)kg、健康的三元杂交(杜×长×大)雌性断奶仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组的谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性显著升高(P0.05);试验2组的血清总胆固醇含量显著升高(P0.05);试验3组血清尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白含量则显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度都显著增大(P0.05)。试验1组和试验2组十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P0.05),回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值都显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠绒毛高度明显增大且排列疏松无序,小肠腺数量减少,黏膜厚度变薄。4)与对照组相比,试验组空肠绒毛高度增大,小肠腺数量减少,并且试验2组和试验3组空肠上皮脱落固有层裸露。5)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组回肠绒毛高度增大且黏膜下层内弥散淋巴细胞增多。由此可见,饲粮中添加ZEA(0.5~1.5 mg/kg)改变了断奶母仔猪的肝脏代谢和肠道的形态结构,进而影响断奶母仔猪的健康生长。     

饲料酸化剂对水貂小肠绒毛形态、营养物质消化率和N、P环境排放的影响

本试验旨在通过不同水平磷酸、柠檬酸、乳酸对水貂营养物质消化率、小肠绒毛形态及N、P环境排放量的比较,筛选适宜水貂使用的酸化剂种类及其水平。将健康、体重相近的雄性育成短毛黑水貂100只,随机分成10组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础鲜料,Ⅱ~Ⅹ组分别在鲜料中添加0.4%、0.6%、0.8%磷酸;0.5%、1.0%、1.5%柠檬酸;0.5%、1.0%、1.5%乳酸。结果表明,各组间干物质采食量(DMI)及干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、钙消化率无显著差异(P0.05),但随酸化剂添加而升高的趋势明显;Ⅰ、Ⅳ组粗脂肪(EE)消化率显著高于Ⅴ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ组(P0.05);Ⅷ、Ⅸ组磷消化率极显著优于其他各组(P0.01),Ⅸ组磷消化率最高;各组间水貂小肠绒毛高度差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅷ组小肠绒毛平均高度最大,是最小的Ⅲ组的145.8%,是对照组的120.3%;不同处理组水貂小肠绒毛表面积差异不显著(P0.05),但Ⅷ组小肠绒毛平均表面积最大,是最小的Ⅲ组的160.24%,是对照组的131.77%;各组间水貂小肠绒毛密度差异不显著(P0.05);各组间水貂N环境排放量无显著差异(P0.05),但添加酸化剂N环境排放量下降趋势明显,对照组比最低的Ⅷ组高34.02%;对P环境排放量影响极显著(P0.001),Ⅷ组最低,比对照组低57.33%。综上表明:饲料酸化剂促进小肠绒毛发育、改善水貂营养物质消化率、降低环境氮、磷排放量作用明显,本研究范围内0.5%乳酸效果较好。     

模拟运输应激对小鼠小肠黏膜结构及免疫相关细胞数量的影响

为了研究两种不同运输应激对小鼠小肠黏膜结构及免疫状态的影响,试验将健康小鼠12只随机分为3组,即对照组(不处理)、1组(摇床60 r/min处理2 h,作用3 d)和2组(摇床160 r/min处理2 h,作用1 d),采用苏木精-伊红、甲苯胺蓝-乙醇、过碘酸-雪夫氏等染色方法及图像分析法研究不同组小鼠小肠黏膜结构及免疫相关细胞数量的变化。结果表明:除了1组和对照组小鼠空肠绒毛高度与绒毛高度/隐窝深度的比值(绒腺比)差异不显著(P0. 05),且1组小鼠空肠绒毛高度高于对照组外,1组、2组小鼠十二指肠、空肠和回肠绒毛高度与绒腺比均显著低于对照组(P0. 05);与对照组相比,1组小鼠十二指肠和空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数、2组回肠上皮内淋巴细胞数、2组空肠淋巴细胞数均显著增加(P0. 05); 1组、2组小鼠小肠各肠段杯状细胞和肥大细胞数均显著高于对照组(P0. 05)。说明低强度、长时间运输应激和高强度、短时间运输应激对小鼠小肠黏膜结构及免疫状态均有明显影响。     

延胡索酸二钠对早期断奶羔羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵功能及胃肠道发育的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加延胡索酸二钠对早期断奶羔羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵功能及胃肠道发育的影响。试验选用30只(50±5)日龄、体重为(25±2)kg的公羔,随机分为3组,每组10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在对照组的基础上添加0.5%和1.0%的延胡索酸二钠。试验期70 d。结果显示:1)饲粮添加延胡索酸二钠提高了平均日增重,其中1.0%组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。2)延胡索酸二钠未显著影响瘤胃液p H(P0.05),而显著降低了氨态氮浓度(P0.05);延胡索酸二钠极显著降低了瘤胃液乳酸浓度(P0.01);1.0%组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)试验组小肠绒毛高度均高于对照组,其中0.5%组羔羊的十二指肠、空肠、回肠的肠绒毛高度分别显著增加了30.3%、30.6%、46.1%(P0.05);试验组的十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著大于对照组(P0.05),其中0.5%组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度较对照组增加了58.6%;0.5%和1.0%组羔羊的瘤胃壁乳头高度分别比对照组提高139.84和156.74μm(P0.05);试验组瘤胃壁乳头密度与对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结果表明,添加延胡索酸二钠显著提高了羔羊的生长性能,促进了早期断奶羔羊瘤胃及肠道的发育。     

和胃保肝对建鲤肠绒毛高度和肝细胞的影响

挑选个体大小、体重相近(15g左右)的建鲤50尾,随机分为5组(G1、G2、G3、G4和G5),即基础料组(对照组)、0.1%和胃保肝添加组、0.2%和胃保肝添加组、0.4%和胃保肝添加组和0.8%和胃保肝添加组,每组2个重复,每个重复10尾建鲤。饲喂3周后取建鲤肠道和肝脏制成组织切片,测定肠绒毛高度。结果表明:0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%和胃保肝不同添加量试验组建鲤的肠绒毛高度都极显著高于对照组(P0.01),各试验组建鲤肝脏细胞的胞浆密度比对照组的大。在建鲤饲料中添加0.4%和胃保肝,促进建鲤肠绒毛增长和提高肝脏细胞胞浆密度效果最好。     

以减毒沙门氏菌为载体的GM-CSF与生长抑素DNA疫苗的安全性和稳定性

将含GM-CSF基因与生长抑素(SS)的融合真核表达质粒pGM-CSF/SS转入减毒沙门氏菌株CS022。选择40只22~24 g的雌性小鼠,随机分成4组,其中1组为对照组,口服生理盐水;2~4组为试验组,分别用上述重组减毒沙门氏菌株CS022以108、109、1010CFU的剂量口服免疫小鼠,2周后以相同的剂量加强免疫,研究pGM-CSF/SS真核表达质粒在体内的稳定性和减毒沙门氏菌对小鼠的安全性。同时通过体外传代,研究该真核表达质粒在体外的稳定性。结果表明:108、109CFU剂量口服小鼠,成活率达100%,而1010CFU剂量口服小鼠成活率降低至90%,腹泻率达50%。体外传10代和口服免疫4周后从小鼠肝脏和脾脏分离的减毒菌用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和酶切鉴定法证实,减毒菌中的重组质粒在体外和侵入小鼠体内过程中具有较好的稳定性。质粒DNA在传10代以后,虽然每代的质粒DNA含量有些变化,但总体趋势基本是恒定的,第10代时,质粒DNA的含量与第1代的含量差异不显著。上述结果提示,利用该减毒沙门菌作为载体传递pGM-CSF/SS DNA疫苗免疫小鼠具有相对安全性和稳定性,为进一步有效激发机体的免疫应答提供了前提。     

日粮中添加酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响。选用432只1日龄、初始体重为（41.73±0.15）g的AA商品代肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为4个处理组（分别在基础日粮中添加0、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的酵母培养物）,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡。试验期42 d,分为1~21和22~42 d两个阶段,试验期间记录采食量、体重和死淘率,试验结束时每个重复选择1只与平均体重接近的肉仔鸡空腹12 h后进行屠宰,测定其屠宰性能和肠道微生物数量。结果显示,与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.2%和0.3%酵母培养物能够显著提高肉仔鸡42 d的体重和试验全期平均日增重（P< 0.05）。且当添加量为0.2%时,能显著提高肉仔鸡22~42 d平均日增重（P< 0.05）,显著降低料重比（P< 0.05）;显著提高试验全期平均日增重和平均日采食量（P< 0.05）,显著降低试验全期料重比（P< 0.05）。同时,添加酵母培养物还可显著降低鸡肉的滴水损失和大肠杆菌数量（P< 0.05）,并显著增加盲肠双歧杆菌数量（P< 0.05）。综上所述,肉仔鸡日粮中添加0.2%酵母培养物的效果最佳,能够显著提高肉鸡生长性能,提高肌肉的系水力,改善其肌肉品质。同时,还能有效增加肉鸡盲肠中有益菌双歧杆菌数量和减少有害菌大肠杆菌数量。     

不同蛋白源日粮对肉鸡生长性能、酶活及胫骨特征的影响

文章旨在评估肉鸡在不同生长阶段饲喂不同蛋白源日粮对其生长性能、小肠酶活和胫骨特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（43.55±0.36）g的400只商品肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。试验分为1～14?d和15～28?d两个试验阶段,T1组肉鸡在1～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T2组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T3组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂菜粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T4组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,T5组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂菜粕型日粮。结果：T3和T4组肉鸡1～14?d平均日增重和采食量显著高于T1和T2组,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～14?d料重比最低（P＜0.05）。T1和T5组肉鸡小肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T3和T4组肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T1组肉鸡小肠糜蛋白酶活性最低（P＜0.05）。T2组胫骨灰分含量较其他组分别显著提高了9.65%、13.64%、15.74%和17.92%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,肉鸡在生长初期（1～14?d）饲喂菜粕型日粮可以显著改善采食量和日增重。 [关键词]蛋白源饲料|肉鸡|生长性能|酶活|胫骨特征     

头孢曲松钠和环丙沙星对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

探讨抗菌药物引起的小鼠肠道菌群的变化,为正确使用抗菌药物及建立肠道菌群失调模型提供参考和依据。选用头孢曲松钠和环丙沙星作为造模药物,3周龄小鼠作为试验对象,分为5组,对照组每日灌胃0.3 mL无菌生理盐水,其余4个模型组分别每日灌胃等量的头孢曲松钠4 g/kg、8 g/kg,环丙沙星2 g/kg、4 g/kg。每天观察并记录腹泻指标,并于1、4、7 d分别取新鲜粪便进行活菌计数,观察菌群动态变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,4个模型组小鼠腹泻指标以及肠道内乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、大肠埃希菌的数量均出现变化,其中头孢曲松钠组变化显著。     

Effects of Yeast Culture on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Intestinal Microflora of Broilers

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of yeast culture on growth performance, meat quality and intestinal microflora of broilers. A total of 432 1-day-old AA commercial broiler chicks with initial body weight of (41.73±0.15)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 broilers per replicate,receiving diets supplemented with 0,0.1%,0.2% and 0.3% yeast culture, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 days which was divided into two periods with 1 to 21 d and 22 to 42 d,respectively.The feed intake,body weight,death and culling rate were recorded in each period. At the end of the experiment,1 chickens in each replicate with the weight close to the average value were slaughtered after fasting for 12 h. The slaughter performance and intestinal microflora counts were determined.The results showed that compared with control group,the supplementation of 0.2% and 0.3% yeast culture significantly increased the body weight at 42 d and the average daily gain (ADG) during the whole trial (P< 0.05).The diet supplemented with 0.2% yeast culture significantly improved the ADG,decreased the F/G of broilers during 22 to 42 d (P< 0.05),and it also significantly increased the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and ADG (P< 0.05),decreased the F/G of the whole period (P< 0.05).Moreover,the supplementation of 0.2% yeast culture significantly decreased the drip loss of meat and the count of Escherichia coli (P< 0.05),and significantly increased the count of Bifidobacterium(P< 0.05). In summary, the supplementation of 0.2% yeast culture could significantly improve the growth performance and the muscle quality of broilers.The intestinal microflora in broiler cecum were effectively optimized after inclusion of yeast culture in the study.     

Persistence of the efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

The aim was to determine the persistent efficacy of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) against Haemonchus contortus in sheep, using the harmonization guidelines protocol. Thirty-six male lambs (2 months old) reared free of gastrointestinal nematodes were used (average body weight of 10.8±3.8kg). Before and for the duration of the study, lambs were kept in raised cages with slatted floors and were offered ad libitum a complete mixed diet. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6): one non-treated control group (G0) and five groups treated with one COWP capsule (1.7g of copper oxide; Copinox(?)). Animals in each group were treated on pre-defined dates before the artificial infection was applied: days -35 (G1), -28 (G2), -21 (G3), -14 (G4) and -7 (G5). On day 0 animals were infected with 3700 H. contortus infective larvae per animal. Animals were humanely slaughtered between days 22 and 23 post-infection. The abomasums were individually washed to obtain the contents. These organs were subjected to separate artificial digestions. Adult parasites were counted from the abomasum contents and the larvae from the digested material. Worm burden geometric means were calculated for each group. A significant worm burden reduction in either of the treated groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) compared to the control (G0) was considered as persistence of the anthelmintic effect. Copper levels were determined from individual liver samples of each animal. The geometric mean worm burden of the control group (G0) was 1959. Compared to the control, worm burdens geometric means were significantly reduced in groups G1 (1108), G4 (528) and G5 (1063) (P<0.03). Efficacies in G1, G4 and G5 were 43.4%, 73.0% and 45.7% respectively. No significant reduction was found for G2 (1342) and G3 (1430). A larger quantity of Cu was found in the livers of treated animals compared to the control group (P<0.05) except for G3 (P=0.06). A negative association between Cu liver content and worm burdens was found (r=-0.42, P<0.05). Live weight gain was similar in all groups and no clinical or post-mortem manifestations of Cu toxicity were recorded in treated animals.     

血红素铁对妊娠母鼠繁殖成绩及组织铁调基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探索血红素铁与硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)对妊娠母鼠繁殖成绩,妊娠母鼠组织与胎鼠铁含量,妊娠母鼠组织铁调素(hepcidin)、膜铁转运蛋白(Fpn)、猫白血病病毒C亚类受体(Flvcr)、转铁蛋白受体1(Tfr1)、转铁蛋白受体2(Tfr2)、二价金属转运体1(DMT1)和血红素转运蛋白(HCP)表达的影响。随机选取2月龄体况接近的昆明小鼠母鼠80只,随机分为8组,分别为对照组、缺铁组、血红素铁组(15、60、90 mg/kg血红素铁)、FeSO_4组(75、300、450 mg/kg FeSO_4),每组10只。配种受孕起对照组饲喂正常饲粮(基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg FeSO_4);其他各组均饲喂基础饲粮,妊娠第10~13天注射40 mg/kg去铁胺(DFO),诱导妊娠母鼠缺铁模型;妊娠第14天血红素铁组和FeSO_4组开始在基础饲粮中添加血红素铁或FeSO_4,缺铁组不添加。试验期为妊娠后1~20 d。结果表明:1)60 mg/kg血红素铁组胎鼠重最高,极显著高于对照组与缺铁组(P0.01)。2)60 mg/kg血红素铁组与450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠血液血红蛋白(HGB)含量、红细胞数(RBC)和红细胞容积(HCT)极显著高于缺铁组(P0.01)。3)60 mg/kg血红素铁组胎鼠铁含量最高,极显著高于对照组与FeSO_4组(P0.01);450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠肝脏、脾脏和胎盘铁含量均为最高。4)90 mg/kg血红素铁组和450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠肝脏hepcidin表达量较高,极显著高于缺铁组与对照组(P0.01);15 mg/kg血红素铁组母鼠肝脏Fpn、Tfr2表达量较高,极显著高于对照组和缺铁组(P0.01);60 mg/kg血红素铁组母鼠肝脏Tfr1、Flvcr表达量较高,极显著高于对照组和缺铁组(P0.01);75 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠肝脏Tfr1表达量较高,极显著高于对照组和缺铁组(P0.01)。5)缺铁组母鼠十二指肠Fpn、HCP、DMT1、Flvcr表达量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。6)缺铁组母鼠胎盘Fpn、Tfr1、DMT1、Flvcr、HCP表达量极显著高于对照组(P0.01);90 mg/kg血红素铁组和450 mg/kg FeSO_4组母鼠胎盘hepcidin表达量较高,极显著高于缺铁组与对照组(P0.01)。7)饲粮血红素铁添加量为61.00 mg/kg或FeSO_4添加量为336.11 mg/kg时,胎鼠铁含量最高;饲粮血红素铁添加量为93.49 mg/kg时,母鼠肝脏铁含量最高。综合得出,母鼠饲粮中添加适宜量的血红素铁或FeSO_4均可显著促进胎鼠增重,诱导母鼠靶组织铁调基因的表达,提高母鼠组织和妊娠20 d胎鼠机体铁含量;HCP和Flvcr在母鼠肠道对血红素铁吸收或胎盘转运起至关重要的作用,但肠道吸收或胎盘转运FeSO_4主要以DMT1和Tfr2为主。关键词:妊娠母鼠;血红蛋白;铁含量;铁调素;血红素铁     

Sulfur concentration in diets containing corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles does not affect feed preference or growth performance of weanling or growing-finishing pigs

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and dietary S on feed preference and performance of pigs. In a 10-d feed preference experiment (Exp. 1), 48 barrows (20.1 ± 2.2 kg of BW) were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups, with 8 replicate pens per treatment and 2 pigs per pen. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal, a DDGS diet containing 20% DDGS, and a DDGS-sulfur (DDGS-S) diet were prepared. The DDGS-S diet was similar to the DDGS diet with the exception that 0.74% CaSO(4) was added to the diet. Two diets were provided in separate feeders in each pen: 1) the control diet and the DDGS diet, 2) the control diet and the DDGS-S diet, or 3) the DDGS diet and the DDGS-S diet. Preference for the DDGS diet and the DDGS-S diet vs. the control diet was 35.2 and 32.6%, respectively (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the DDGS diet and the DDGS-S diet. In Exp. 2, a total of 90 barrows (10.3 ± 1.4 kg of BW) were allotted to 3 treatments, with 10 replicate pens and 3 pigs per pen, and were fed the diets used in Exp. 1 for 28 d, but only 1 diet was provided per pen. Pigs fed the control diet gained more BW (497 vs. 423 and 416 g/d; P < 0.05) and had greater G:F (0.540 vs. 0.471 and 0.455; P < 0.05) than pigs fed the DDGS or the DDGS-S diet, but no differences between the DDGS and the DDGS-S diets were observed. In a 10-d feed preference experiment (Exp. 3), 30 barrows (49.6 ± 2.3 kg of BW) were allotted to 3 treatment groups, with 10 replicates per group. The experimental procedures were the same as in Exp. 1, except that 30% DDGS was included in the DDGS and DDGS-S diets and 1.10% CaSO(4) was added to the DDGS-S diet. Feed preference for the DDGS and the DDGS-S diets, compared with the control diet, was 29.8 and 32.9%, respectively (P < 0.01), but there was no difference between the DDGS and the DDGS-S diets. In Exp. 4, a total of 120 barrows (34.2 ± 2.3 kg of BW) were fed grower diets for 42 d and finisher diets for 42 d. Diets were formulated as in Exp. 3. Pigs on the control diets gained more BW (1,021 vs. 912 and 907 g/d; P < 0.05) and had greater G:F (0.335 vs. 0.316 and 0.307; P < 0.05) than pigs fed the DDGS or DDGS-S diet, respectively, but no differences between pigs fed the DDGS and the DDGS-S diets were observed. In conclusion, dietary S concentration does not negatively affect feed preference, feed intake, or growth performance of weanling or growing-finishing pigs fed diets based on corn, soybean meal, and DDGS.     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Brewer's Grain or Fermented Brewer's Grain on Growth Performance,Immune Organ Index and Intestinal Flora of Meat Geese

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal replaced by brewer's grain (BSG) or fermented brewer's grain (FBSG) on growth performance,immune organ index and intestinal flora of meat geese.A total of 250 geese at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 geese per replicate.The geese in control group were fed a basal diet (with soybean);The geese in groups 1 and 2 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% BSG replacing the soybean,respectively;The geese in groups 3 and 4 were fed the basal diet with the 10% and 20% FBSG replacing the soybean,respectively.The whole experiment period was 42 days,including three phases:15 d (early stage),14 d (middle stage) and 14 d (later stage).The results showed as follows:①From the whole experiment period,compared with control group,the ADG of geese in group 1 was significantly increased (P<0.05),the ADG and ADFI of geese in group 4 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),there were no obvious change in growth performance of geese in groups 2 and 3 (P>0.05).② Compared with control group,the thymus index and spleen index of geese in groups 1,2 and 3 were extremely significantly increased at early stage (P<0.01);At middle and later stages,the spleen index of geese in group 2 were significantly and extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01);There were no significant differences in bursa of fabricius index of geese among all groups (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in cecum in groups 1 and 2 were extremely significantly decreased at early and later stages (P<0.01),while the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were increased in different degrees;the number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus in cecum in groups 3 and 4 were extremely significantly increased at later stage (P<0.01).In conclusion,10% BSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could improve the growth performance and intestinal flora of meat geese;10% FBSG replacing soybean in the basal diet could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria of meat geese,but had no effect on growth performance;While 20% replacing soybean in the basal diet could decrease the feed intake and weight gain of meat geese,hinder its growth and development.