对电动汽车推广的综合评价

本文建立了对电动车的综合评价模型,对电动车作了总体绩效评估.为了得知电动车的可推广性,我们针对电动车建立了一个改进的综合评价模型,首先应用熵值法筛选出影响最显著的二级指标,接着应用主成份分析法得到电动车的综合得分,最终通过与燃料汽车的比较得知电动车的可推广性.紧接着,我们对在电动车综合评价模型中具有影响力的各项指标进行详细分析,分析了电动车的可推广性.     

论改进中小型养禽企业经营管理与企业诊断

1问题的提出 蛋鸡业的市场波动给少数幸运者带来效益并得以发展,却使多数业者遭受经济上的重大损失.类似的大起大落现象经常出现,充分显示出养禽市场的不成熟和养禽行业的不稳定,其原因是多方面的:原料成本的不确定性;国际市场的影响;生产环节疾病等因素影响;决策失误,一哄而上或一哄而下;不正当竞争;中小型养鸡场及养殖户经营管理水平落后等.     

第十二章 鸡场的经营管理

在现代养禽企业中，由于竞争的日益激烈，经营管理起的作用越来越大，它同遗传育种、营养与饲料、环境工程以及疾病防治构成了现代养鸡业的五大支柱，而且其它四项技术措施执行的好坏直接受经营管理的制约，经营管理已经成为一门更复杂更难掌握的技术。１　市场的预测和决策１．ｌ　做好市场调查市场调查的内容包括：市场需求产品的类型、规格、数量和价格的调查，消费者调查，产品调查，销售渠道调查，竞争形势调查等。调查的方法有询问法、观察法和实验调查法。所谓询问法就是直接向被调查者提出问题，收集所需要的资料，种鸡场可以向下面…     

论土地整理项目综合效益评价

分析了目前土地整理综合效益评价中存在的缺陷和问题，运用多目标决策的数学方法在土地整理项目综合效益评价模式，使土地整理综合效益评价科学化和定量化。     

市场变迁与养禽企业综合竞争力提升(下)--对我国禽业发展的微观思考

4养禽企业综合竞争力提升的对策与建议 总体来说,在低利化时期,我国养禽企业经营将出现以下变化趋势:市场属地化、阵地化,流程简单化、组织扁平化、管理无边界化,员工专业化、职业化,产品高档化、简单化、价值化、低利化,营销服务化、便利化、综合化、真实化,通路网络化、短直化.     

养禽常用计算方法

在养禽生产中,为了准确计算生产效益和进行有关统计,可采用如下计算公式: 1.日产蛋率(％)=日产蛋量÷日存栏母鸡数×100     

提高种蛋孵化率的综合措施

孵化场是种禽饲养效益的体现地。孵化率的高低直接影响到养禽生产者的经济效益，如何提高种蛋的孵化率，获得品质优良的雏禽是孵化从业人员一直追求的目标。本文从生产角度分析了影响种蛋孵化率的4个因素，提出了提高种蛋孵化率的相应措施。     

浅谈农村养禽就注意的几大因素

在生产实践中发现，除市场原因外，我市农村养鸡专业户对家禽饲养管理等方面存在着许多问题，造成生产效益不高，从而缺乏抗御市场风险的能力。综合考虑农村养禽的影响因素，应注意以下五点，现简单介绍如下，供广大养殖户参考。     

干旱半干旱区退耕还林还草工程效益综合评价——以榆中县为例

综合评价退耕还林还草生态工程的效益,是该工程持续推进的重要内容。国内退耕还林还草工程综合效益的评价均以大尺度为主,而基于县域尺度的评价较少。本研究以干旱半干旱地区的榆中县为例,通过构建小尺度退耕还林还草工程综合效益评价指标体系,定量评估了该县韦营乡退耕还林还草的生态、经济、社会效益。结果表明,韦营乡退耕还林还草工程的综合效益分值为70.85,较好;生态效益分值为74.8,较好;经济效益分值为55.5,一般;社会效益分值为78.2,较好。     

鸡球虫病的综合防治及体会

<正>鸡球虫病是养禽生产中最常见的一种疾病,凡有鸡的地方就有球虫,特别是在肉鸡的饲养过程中,球虫病更是一个时时困扰我们的难题。它不仅可造成鸡生长情况的不良,更可使得药物投入增加,甚者继发其它的疾病问题。我们在饲养过程中,     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.