东莞市犬心丝虫抗原、莱姆病抗体和犬埃里希抗体的调查报告

为了解心丝虫、莱姆病、犬埃里希氏体病在东莞市犬中的流行状况,对东莞市210份犬血清进行了心丝虫抗原、莱姆病抗体、犬埃里希抗体检测试验,试验结果:在检测的210份犬血清中,心丝虫抗原阳性0份、莱姆病抗体阳性0份,犬埃里希抗体阳性12份,犬埃里希抗体阳性率为5.71%。     

犬体表犬弓首蛔虫虫卵的污染调查

对 30只肉用犬和护院犬以及 2 5只伴侣犬体表犬弓首蛔虫虫卵的污染情况进行调查 ,结果表明 ,肉用犬和护院犬的污染率为 30 % ,伴侣犬的污染率为 1 6% ,并以丙硫咪唑对患犬或带虫犬进行了驱虫试验 ,效果为 1 0 0 %。     

犬心丝虫病的诊治

犬心丝虫病又称犬恶丝虫病 ,是由线虫科的犬恶丝虫寄生于犬心脏的右心室及肺动脉 (少见胸腔、支气管 )引起的循环障碍 ,呼吸困难及贫血等症状 ,除犬外 ,猫和其它野生肉食动物均可成为犬恶丝虫的终未宿主。犬心丝虫在我国分布很广 ,北至沈阳 ,南至广州均有发现。在中西部正日益成为问题 ,感染率为2 0 %～ 40 % ,高的流行率总是与蚊子密度相关连。1　病原犬心丝虫呈黄白色细长粉丝状 ,雄虫长 1 2～ 1 8ｃｍ ,尾部数回盘转。雌虫长 2 5～ 3 0ｃｍ ,尾部直。受精卵在雌虫的子宫内发育和孵化。早熟的活动胚胎称为微丝蚴 ,长 3 0 7～ 3 2 2ｍｍ。…     

西安地区警犬心丝虫微丝蚴的检测

2003年3月,陕西省西安市临潼区1警犬因犬心丝虫病突然死亡,随即对该市16条警犬,用直接涂片法和溶血集虫法进行犬心丝虫微丝蚴检测,结果直接涂片法的检出率为18. 7% (3/16),溶血集虫法检出率为31.2%(5/16),且4 岁以上的犬检出率较高,伊维菌素对微丝蚴有很好的杀灭作用。     

犬心丝虫的检测方法及其防治

正犬心丝虫病是由丝虫科的犬恶心丝虫寄生于犬的肺动脉和右心室而引起的一种寄生虫病,能够引起犬的循环障碍、咳嗽、乏力、厌食及右侧或两侧心脏失能等症状,任何年龄的犬都有可能受到感染。在猫和人类身上也有发现,对于猫而言,由于猫的心脏比较小,因此一旦感染此病,死亡率要远高于犬只,研究显示流浪猫罹患心丝虫病的比例约为4%～15%。1心心丝虫生活史     

犬细小病毒病的诊治体会

1997年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 3月到沧州畜牧兽医工作站就诊的 876 9例病犬中 ,初诊为犬细小病毒病的 1 6 2 3只 ,占病例总数的 1 8.5 % ,死亡 3 4 8只 ,病死率 2 1 .4% ,治愈 1 2 75只 ,治愈率 78.5 %。犬细小病毒病一直是沧州市发病率和死亡率高的传染病之一 ,笔者经过多种方法进行治疗 ,提高了犬细小病毒病的防治效果。1　病性　该病是犬的一种急性病毒性传染病 ,以出血性肠炎或非化脓性心肌炎为其主要特征。有时感染率可达 1 0 0 % ,死亡率为 3 0 %～ 90 %。该病临床主要表现为两种类型 ,即心肌炎型和肠炎型。据近几年的临床观察 ,该病无明显…     

犬群暴发犬等孢球虫病

1　发病情况　 2 0 0 0年 9月 2 3日发现一头幼训犬出现呕吐、便血 ,迅速脱水等症状 ,到 1 0月 1 6日相同症状犬蔓延到进口种犬群和繁殖队犬群 ,发病总数达 86只 ,发病年龄 45日龄至 4月龄。进口德国牧羊犬幼犬死亡率为 1 0 0 % ,昆明犬死亡率约为 2 5 %。 1 1月 2 7日 ,一窝进     

犬尿道膀胱结石的诊治

犬尿结石是犬的泌尿系统疾病中常见的一种疾病 ,临床上经常遇到。由于结石对膀胱和尿道的机械刺激 ,可引起犬的尿道炎或膀胱炎 ;当结石随尿液进入尿道而使尿道阻塞时 ,还可使犬出现尿毒症等严重的全身症状。我院自 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 12月共收治犬尿结石病例 12 0例 ,全部为小型犬 ,其中以京叭犬占 75 % ,其他主要是博美犬、蝴蝶犬、狮子犬等小型犬 ,均为成年犬 ,年龄从 1.5岁到 12岁不等 ,而以 4～ 8岁多发。在这 12 0例病例中 ,公犬的尿结石共84例 ,占发病犬的 70 % ,其中单纯膀胱结石只有 13只 ,占公犬发病数的 15 %左右 ,其余均…     

哺乳母犬痉挛症的诊治

哺乳母犬痉挛症 ,是由低血钙、低血糖所引起的一种急性代谢性紊乱疾病。 1 987～2 0 0 1年 ,据金华婺城镇小动物门诊部诊治病犬 43 8例 ,治愈率达 1 0 0 %,现将临床诊治情况报告如下。1　发病情况　该病多发于哺乳期 1 5～ 3 0 d左右的母犬 ,特别是胎产仔犬多 (4～ 5只以上 )的小型母犬更为常见 ,在 43 8例病犬中 ,京巴犬、京巴杂交犬、西斯犬和狮子犬等小型犬 3 85例 ,占 87.9%;当地土种犬、长或短毛狼犬及杂种犬等中、大型犬 53例 ,占 1 2 .1 %。病因多为哺乳母犬饲料单一 ,骨粉、维生素等缺少 ,营养不足 ,哺乳量过多等所致。2　临床症状…     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与防治

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起的一种急性传染病。该病的发生没有明显的季节性 ,但以寒冷季节多发。该病的潜伏期为 7～ 1 4天 ,该病感染率可高达 1 0 0 % ,幼犬感染 ,主要呈现心肌炎的急性经过 ,死亡率可高达 70 % ,青年犬感染主要以出血性肠炎为特征 ,如不及时诊治 ,死亡率也可达 2 0 %以上。因此 ,犬细小病毒病必须早期诊断、早期治疗 ,才能减少死亡的发生。本文报道某养犬户的一群黑背犬发生呕吐和腹泻的病例 ,经血凝和电镜等检查 ,确诊为犬细小病毒病病例。1　发病情况该养犬户共饲养了黑背犬和圣伯纳犬 1 9条 ,其中种公犬 1条 ,母犬…     

Indirect fluorescent antibody test in occult dirofilariasis.

Indirect fluorescent antibody titers to Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria (IFA-mf) and peripheral eosinophilia were recorded from 15 to 52 months in ten experimentally infected dogs with occult dirofilariasis (heartworm infection without microfilaremia). Five dogs which were experimentally sensitized with D immitis microfilaria did not exhibit microfilaremia after inoculation with infective-stage larvae. In three other dogs, microfilaremia suddenly ceased after 4 to 7 months. In these three dogs, antimicrofilarial antibodies were detectable by IFA-mf test as soon as microfilaremia ended. In the remaining two dogs, which exhibited spontaneous occult dirofilariasis, antibodies were detected at the end of the prepatent period of 6 months. The presence of adult worms was confirmed by angiocardiography. Significant IFA=mf titers (greater than or equal to 1:8) persisted after successful treatment with an adulticide. Reinfection of treated dogs reestablished occult dirofilarasis. Eosinophilia was present in all dogs and peaked at about 3, 6, and 9 months after they were inoculated with infective-stage larvae. At necropsy, the ten dogs harbored gravid, reproducing adult worms in the heart and pulmonary arteries.     

Comparison of microfilaria concentration method for Setaria digitata infection in cattle and for Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs

Several peripheral blood microfilaria concentration methods that use Acetone (Acetone test), 2% formalin (modified Knott method), 5% Tween 20 solution, distilled water, 1% or 0.1% SDS were compared for their efficacy in detecting Setaria digitata microfilaria in cattle. The Acetone test was found to be more efficacious than the modified Knott method or the 5% Tween 20 solution test for detecting the S. digitata microfilaria in bovine blood. However, besides the Acetone test, the modified Knott method was also found to be suitable for Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria detection in dogs. SDS and distilled water were found not to be effective as hemolytic agent for the disruption of the red blood cell of both the cattle and dogs. Thus, the Acetone test is recommended for the primary screening of microfilaremia of S. digitata in cattle.     

An investigation of the role of immunologic factors in anemia associated with canine heartworm disease

Direct Coombs' antiglobulin tests were performed on 80 dogs with patent Dirofilaria immitis infection and 170 dogs negative for microfilaria of D. immitis. Presence or absence of anemia was determined by hematocrit in 55 of the heartworm negative dogs and 68 of the dogs with heartworm disease. Heartworm infected dogs showed a higher incidence (37%) of anemia than noninfected dogs (14.5%). Anemia was most prevalent in two groups of dogs with heartworm infection, one group showing vena caval syndrome (91%) and the other occult dirofilariasis (62.5%). These latter two groups of dogs also showed a significantly higher number of positive Coombs' reactions at 37 degrees C than other dogs with heartworm disease and the noninfected dogs. The number of positive Coombs' reactions at 4 degrees C among the total of 80 dogs with heartworm infection was significantly higher than that for dogs without heartworm disease. However, there was no positive correlation between anemia and the outcome of the Coombs' test at either temperature. These findings do not suggest that immunologic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of anemia in dogs with heartworm disease.     

Microscopic, serologic and molecular surveys on Dirofilaria immitis in stray dogs, Turkey

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection was evaluated in stray dogs of Erzurum, Turkey. A total of 123 whole-blood and 93 sera samples were collected from stray dogs older than 6 months were lived in animal shelter. The PCR and direct microscopic examinations were used for the detection of microfilaria and indirect-ELISA was performed for the detection of anti-D. immitis antibodies. The prevalence of D. immitis in the canine population was 8.1% by PCR, 2.1% by ELISA. In addition, microfilaria burdens of Dirofilaria sp. was 4.8% by direct blood smear examination. There was a statistical difference (P=0.05) in the prevalence between males (10.5%) and females (2.3%) by direct blood smear examination. Similarly there was a statistical difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence between males (15.8%) and females (4.7%) by PCR. Dogs belonging to the 0.5-1 years old group showed the highest prevalence than 2-4 ages group with three tests. Among the 93 samples screened by the ELISA, two samples were positive for the D. immitis antibodies. Both positive dogs with ELISA were females.     

Comparison of serologic tests for detection of antigen in canine heartworm infections

In 30 random-source dogs, we determined sensitivity and specificity of 5 serologic tests for detection of canine heartworm antigens. Seventeen of the dogs were infected naturally with adult Dirofilaria immitis, and 4 of the infected dogs were amicrofilaremic. The ability of the serologic tests to predict whether a dog was infected or uninfected (overall test accuracy) ranged from 73 to 97%. Sensitivity was not affected by circulating D immitis microfilariae, but was markedly influenced by the number of adult D immitis present. False-positive reactions were rare and were not associated with intestinal parasites or Dipetalonema reconditum microfilariae. Modifications of some of the test procedures were necessary to maximize test accuracy and reproducibility. These modifications and other technical details might limit the usefulness of some of the tests in a veterinary practice.     

Prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in living raccoon dogs assessed by hematological examination

The prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis in free-ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) was examined in the southeast region of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, using a rapid immunomigration (RIM) test kit. Between April 2007 and March 2010, we examined 108 raccoon dogs rescued and housed by the Kanazawa Zoological Garden. D. immitis infection was found in 8 (7.4%) raccoon dogs. This is the first report to reveal the prevalence of D. immitis infection in living raccoon dogs. The prevalence of the infection was lower than previously reported values obtained on postmortem examination. One reason might be that the present study included young raccoon dogs infected with immature worms. Significant high-risk areas of D. immitis infection in the raccoon dogs were not observed.     

Right ventricular enlargement in heartworm disease.

The size of the right ventricle of 15 dogs with spontaneous Dirofilaris immitis microfilaria was evaluated by thoracic radiography, electrocardiography, and right ventricular free wall weights. Based on electrocardiography and right ventricular weights, none of the 15 dogs had evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy. Based on radiography, only 2 of the 15 dogs had right ventricles of normal size. Right ventricular dilation in the absence of right ventricular hypertrophy was demonstrated. The right ventricle appears to dilate, prior to hypertrophy, in response to D immitis infestation.     

The occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in South Australia

Heart, lung and samples of blood from 230 dogs were examined for infections of filarial parasites. Dirofilaria immitis worms and microfilariae were detected in one dog. Blood samples from a further 1428 dogs were examined for microfilariae and 22 were found to be infected. Eighteen dogs were infected with D immitis microfilariae and four with Dipetolonema reconditum microfilariae. The histories were available for 18 of the dogs infected with heartworm and only seven dogs had not travelled outside South Australia. It was concluded that heartworm infection was endemic in South Australia but the apparent prevalence was only about 1%.     

Serologic prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis,Ehrlichia canis,and Borrelia burgdorferi infections in Brazil

Dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis, Ehrlichia canis, or Borrelia burgdorferi may show nonspecific clinical signs or may be asymptomatic. In Brazil, E. canis and D. immitis infections are frequently diagnosed based on the presence of classical signs; however, serologic tests are seldom performed to confirm the presence of infection. To estimate the seroprevalence of these three canine diseases in Brazil, 2,553 dogs presented at veterinary practices for various tests, routine treatments, or examinations were evaluated by an in-office commercial ELISA test kit (SNAP 3Dx, IDEXX Laboratories). Each dog was examined by the veterinarian, and a whole-blood sample was collected and immediately tested for the simultaneous detection of B. burgdorferi and E. canis antibodies and D. immitis antigen. D. immitis infection was detected in 51 dogs (2.0%) and E. canis antibodies were present in 505 dogs 19.8%). Only one dog tested positive for B. burgdorferi antibodies.     

Prevalence of the Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico

The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection, and to examine the relationship between host factors (gender, age and breed) and D. immitis infection in dogs. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. A total of 676 dogs were examined for D. immitis infection. Adult worms (necropsy) and blood samples were collected from all animals for diagnosis of D. immitis. Blood samples were examined using a modified Knott's and thick drop techniques. Fifty-six of 676 dogs were diagnosed infected with D. immitis. The odds of infection were 2.85 times higher in female dogs, compared to male dogs (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.5-5.5, P = 0.01). In addition, the odds of infection were 2.11 times higher in > or =3 years old dogs, compared with younger dogs (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.1-4.2, P = 0.03). This information is important for a better understanding of the epidemiology of D. immitis in dogs in Yucatan, Mexico.