残次柑橘肥料化技术初步研究初报

为了清洁柑橘的生产环境,对残次柑橘更好的资源化利用.本文以中心发酵温度、汁液量、出汁率为评价指标,研究以微生物菌剂种类、营养负载方式、加料方式、外源加热、粉碎度等,对残次柑橘进行发酵处理的影响;研究发现以自带营养的黑曲霉为发酵菌剂、采用分次加料、不粉碎、常温发酵的方法可以得到澄清透亮的发酵汁液.利用发酵汁液为基础原料,...     

用美国提子加工葡萄原汁

一、原料的选择。利用鲜食和制汁兼用美国提子系列品种。葡萄,加工前选择完全成熟,色泽鲜艳,无腐烂及无药残留的新鲜果实作原料。 二、冲洗与除梗。用清水冲洗干净,晾干后除去果梗。 三、破碎与压榨。用粉碎机将果粒挤压破碎,装入不锈钢容器内加热,温度在60～70℃,10～15分钟使果皮色素浸出而溶于果汁中。制白葡萄汁不经过加热处理,把果浆直接装入过滤白布(或2层白纱布)袋中压榨,使果汁全部流出。 四、过滤与澄清。榨出的汁液用粗白布过滤,除去汁液中的果皮、种子和果肉块等,然后将汁液装入经消毒杀菌的玻璃瓶或瓷缸中,再     

酿造果酒

一、葡萄酒原料处理和汁液调整:葡萄先要经过挑选(除去霉烂和青粒)、脱粒、破碎、除梗等工序才可用于造酒。红葡萄酒的原料,在生产时应带皮发酵;生产白葡萄酒的原料经破碎、榨汁、取汁发酵,发     

青头菌汁液对香蕉果酒发酵的影响

以香蕉和青头菌为原料酿制风味香蕉果酒,研究了青头菌汁液对香蕉汁酒精发酵的影响.实验结果表明,青头菌汁液对香蕉果酒发酵具有促进作用,最适条件为发酵温度30℃,果酒干酵母用量0.10％,果汁外观糖度18％,青头菌汁液4％,发酵7d,酒精产率达8.4％ vol.     

动态信息

蔬菜汁是以新鲜蔬菜为原料,经过压榨而获取的汁液,除含有多种维生素和矿物质外,还因其属碱性食品,可中和肉、鱼、蛋和粮食品产生酸性。经常饮用蔬菜汁可增加儿童记忆力,补充儿童“厌莱”的不足。老年人饮用蔬菜汁可防止思维衰退,增强对感冒等流行性疾病的免疫抵抗力,并可缓解肾、胆及高血压等老年人疾病。     

木糖醇金针菇酸奶发酵工艺研究

以木糖醇为甜味剂,添加残次金针菇汁液和乳酸菌菌种来发酵酸奶。在单因素试验的基础上,选取金针菇汁液、木糖醇、乳酸菌发酵剂添加量3个因素进行正交优化试验,通过模糊数学法进行感官评定,得出木糖醇金针菇酸奶的最佳发酵工艺条件如下:以纯牛乳为原料,加入0.3%的稳定剂,添加6%的金针菇汁液、4%的木糖醇、2%的乳酸菌发酵剂,温度为42℃发酵8 h,酸奶凝乳均匀、口感细腻、酸甜适宜,具有金针菇的清香,整体协调性好。     

穗醋栗在青岛的表现

穗醋栗为茶子科醋栗属植物,多年生小灌木.果实为小浆果,汁液丰富,果汁鲜红或紫红色,透明鲜艳,富含红色素,而且酸甜适度,别具风味,是加工果汁、果酒、果糖、果酱和提取食用色素的良好原料.黑龙江省以此为原料生产的"黑加仑酒",多次获得国家级优质果酒称号.穗醋栗具有开胃,助消化,补血,降血压,提神等医疗价值,老少皆宜,市场前景较广阔.     

蔬菜汁开发前景好

蔬菜汁开发前景好蔬菜汁是以新鲜蔬菜为原料，经压榨而取得的汁液，除含有多种维生素和矿物质外，还因其属碱性食品产生的酸性，保持人体中适宜的ＰＨ值。经常饮用蔬菜汁可增强儿童的记忆力，补充儿童厌菜的不足。老年人饮用蔬菜汁可防止思维衰退，增强对感昌等流行病的抵...     

提高山楂原汁品质的研究

山楂果实色泽鲜艳,风味独特,营养丰富,是较理想的制汁原料。但其肉质紧密,汁液少,浓而粘稠,富含果胶质,还有大而坚硬的果核,制取果汁较难,不宜采用压榨法,而需用水渗浸工艺制取。当前市场上的多数山楂     

黄果梨树丰产密植栽培技术

正黄果梨的发祥地为青海省,受独特的海拔、气候、地理、土质及温度等自然因素的影响,造就了其果味浓郁纯正、富含汁液、营养价值丰富的特点,并且该果品在清热解表、降压止咳、化痰利肺等方面具有独特的医药、保健功能,是天然绿色保健品的优质原料,极具开发潜力。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。