梁平柚矮化砧木的筛选

供试柚品种为梁平柚,砧木为枳、香橙、宜昌橙和酒饼簕、以酸柚砧为对照。1983年秋嫁接,1984年秋定植。7年观察结果表明,酒饼簕、宜昌橙、枳对梁平柚有矮化作用,其中以酒饼簕最明显。枳砧梁平柚定植后第2年(1986年),有1/3的植株试花,第3年全部开花,结果最多的一株达8个;香橙、宜昌橙、酸柚砧(对照)梁平柚定植后第3年试花;酒饼簕砧梁平柚第5年试花。枳砧梁平柚树高、树冠体积、枝条电阻值、枝条节间长度等均明显低于对照。初步认为,枳是梁平柚比较理想的矮化砧木。     

砧木影响梁平柚树体生长的生理生化特性研究

砧木影响梁平柚树体生长的生理生化特性研究肖慈木，王丹，范昭鸣，李秀（四川省绵阳经济技术高等专科学校农艺系６２１０００）１材料与方法１．１材料试验在本校园艺场进行，供试品种为梁平柚，供试砧木为香橙、宜昌橙、枳和酒，以酸柚作对照。１９８３年育苗，１９８４...     

沙田柚在不同枳选系砧木上的早期表现

比较了4个枳选系作沙田柚砧木的早期表现。结果表明,以不同枳选系作砧的沙田柚在树冠生长量、早结性等方面有差异。以小叶小花类型枳作砧木的,树冠小,结果早,以小叶大花类型枳作砧木的,树冠大小中等,但结果较迟。     

哈姆林甜橙砧比试验——Ⅰ.枳不同选系的比较

通过10年比较试验,研究以枳的9个不同选系为砧,对哈姆林甜橙树体生长,产量和品质的影响。结果认为,其中4号枳(大叶大花类型)、5号枳(小叶小花类型)丰产,较矮化,为哈姆林甜橙较好的砧木。     

柑桔砧木矮化预选指标的解剖学研究

以７４－１枳、紫花宜昌橙、Ｒｕｓｋ枳橙、香橙Ｔｒｏｙｅｒ枳橙、江南、９２号红桔和蟹橙为标准系列砧木，研究它们折解剖学特征，从中筛选了根皮率、根导管总面积，栅海比、叶气孔密度４个砧木矮化预选指标和皮率、木质率、根导管密度、叶主脉导管数４个辅助预选指标。     

葡萄柚茎尖微芽嫁接脱毒成苗技术研究初报

1材料与方法1．1供试品种（系）红肉葡萄柚、黄肉葡萄柚。1．2砧木苗培养茎尖微芽嫁接采用沙田柚和枳为砧木，挑选果皮完好无霉烂的果实，先用自然水冲洗去果皮表面的杂质，在无菌条件下，用75％酒精擦洗作表面消毒，反复2～3次。     

异常高温持续时间对温州密柑落花落果和春梢生长的影响

４年生盆栽枳砧兴津温州蜜柑结果树生长于日平均温度２６．８℃，最高气温５℃，相对湿度６４％的异常高温人工模拟室内２－５天，与生长于日平均温度１７．３℃，最高气温２３℃，相对湿度７３．４％的田间自然条件下的对照相比，春梢长度，春叶数量和面积分别增加４．３－７８．２％，１３．３－７３．３％和１３．９－９４．０％；     

低温处理的花粉稀释液对沙田柚种子数及果实品质的影响

１９９１～１９９４年在梅州以６年生沙田柚树为试材进行试验。结果表明，用冰冻（－４℃，７２小时）及低温（１０℃，７２小时）保存的不同柚品种花粉稀释液处理沙田柚花的柱头，可使果实种子数减少５８．０％～６４．２％，每果种子数从常规人工授粉的１６２粒减至５８～７０粒。果实大小及内质均有不同程度的提高。所有处理均获丰产。不同品种花粉处理液的效应无显著差异。     

长效云大-120、云大-120在柑上的试验小结

由云大科技公司提供长效云大 12 0、云大 12 0试验药品 ,笔者在柑上进行了试验。现小结如下。试验于 1999年 6月初在全州县林业苗圃进行 ,试材为 11年生枳砧柑 ,长势中等 ,土质为黄壤 ,ｐＨ值 6 5。 6月初柑正处于第二次生理落果期。试验设长效云大 12 0、云大 12 0及清水对照 3个处理 ,3次重复。每处理 5株树。喷施浓度长效云大 12 0为4 0 0 0倍液 ,云大 12 0为 2 50 0倍液。除长效云大 12 0只喷一次外 ,云大 12 0在第一次喷后间隔 15天用同样浓度再喷一次 ,对照为只喷清水。处理时天气晴朗 ,气温在 2 5～ 2 7℃ ,…     

哈姆林甜橙砧木比较试验：Ⅱ.宜昌橙不同选系的比较

经１５年试验，比较了以宜昌橙６个不同选系作砧木，对哈姆林甜橙树体生长，果实产量及品质的影响，结果表明，树冠最高大的是以１号选系作砧者，最矮小的是以６号选系作砧者，其树冠体积分别为枳砧对照的３１．８％和４．７％；单位树冠体积产量以６号选系为砧者最高，而单株产量和单位树冠投影面积产量则以１号选系为砧者最高；不同选系宜昌橙砧对哈姆林甜橙果实大小，果皮厚薄也有明显影响。认为宜昌橙１号选系为比较有希望的矮化     

不同柑橘砧木对锦橙果实品质的影响

 2006—2008年连续3年研究11种砧木对铜水72-1锦橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：不同砧木对果实颜色和内在品质均有影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实亮度最好,黄色度值最高,果实最大,果皮最薄;以路比枳为砧的果实红色度值和固酸比（TSS/TA）最高,果皮最厚;以沃尔卡姆为砧的亮度最差,黄色度值、单果质量和可食率最低,中心柱最小;以C35枳橙为砧的中心柱最大且维生素C含量最低;以光皮酸橙为砧的果实红色度最低而可食率最高;以里其16-6枳为砧的果实可溶性固形物（TSS）含量最高;以孙楚沙橘为砧的果实可滴定酸（TA）和维生素C含量最高,而TSS/TA最低;果实TSS和TA最低的砧木为枸头橙。品质综合评价,性状表现较好的为孙楚沙橘、卡里佐枳橙和C35枳橙,而表现较差的为兰普莱檬和沃尔卡姆柠檬。     

Root morphology and the effect of rootstocks on leaf nutrient acquisition of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobilis Loureiro × Citrus reticulata Blanco)

The study aimed to understand the root morphological character of 1 year old seedling rootstock of citrus genotypes viz., rough lemon, Karna Khatta, Carrizo citrange, Rangpur lime, Troyer citrange, Jatti Khatti and sour orange as well as to investigate the effect of these rootstocks on the leaf mineral composition of Kinnow. Root morphological traits showed significant genotypic variation. Rough lemon seedlings had a higher root length, projected area, surface area, volume and the number of forks. Sour orange was moderate rootstock of the 7 genotypes for most of the root morphological characters, while citrange rootstocks expressed poor root morphology. The rootstocks also imparted significant influence on the leaf mineral composition. Leaf K, Ca and Mg content was recorded maximum in plants grown on rough lemon seedling, while N, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentration was higher on sour orange rootstock. Kinnow trees on Rangpur lime rootstock accumulated more Na in their leaf tissue, where as Troyer citrange restricted the accumulation of Na. Considering the root morphological characters and nutrient accumulation pattern, rough lemon and sour orange for areas free from tristeza virus could be suggested as alternative rootstocks for the studied Kinnow mandarin under similar ecological conditions.     

柑橘4种砧木幼苗对铜过量胁迫的生理响应与耐受性差异

为探究不同柑橘砧木的铜过量胁迫耐性差异,分析砧木铜过量胁迫的生理响应,试验选用4种常用的柑橘砧木枳、资阳香橙、红橘和沙田柚180 d实生苗为材料,用1.5（对照）、7.5、37.5、187.5和937.5 μmol • L-1的CuSO4溶液进行处理。结果显示,高浓度CuSO4处理导致叶绿素含量和光合能力下降,叶片细胞相对电导率和MDA含量值显著上升;SOD、POD酶活性上升;高浓度下,砧木对K、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn和Zn营养元素的吸收和转运下降。高CuSO4处理导致砧木叶片黄化脱落,根系褐变短小,生长受阻,严重时死亡。不同砧木对CuSO4过量胁迫耐受性差异明显,枳最先出现新叶失绿、老叶落叶、生长量下降和光合等生理指标下降,随后依次为沙田柚、红橘和资阳香橙。主成分分析和隶属函数综合分析显示,资阳香橙对铜过量胁迫耐性最强,红橘其次,沙田柚再次,枳对铜过量胁迫最敏感。     

砧木对柑桔嫁接幼树早果影响的生理生化研究

本文研究了枳和红桔两种砧木对柑桔嫁接幼树结果早晚影响的生理生化差异。1.枳砧树较红桔树至少提早二年开花,枳砧树的单叶面积、株高、新梢生长量和干径均小于红桔砧树;2.花芽生理分化期枳砧树叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉及还原糖的含量均高于红桔砧树,叶片总氮含量变化不大,但在花芽形态分化期,砧木对叶片可溶性蛋白质含量的影响较大。叶片C/N比值与花芽形成存在一定相关关系。10月上中旬各因子二种砧木树的相对含量有一明显逆转过程,3.花芽生理分化期枳砧树叶片内源玉米素和脱落酸含量高于红桔砧树,赤霉素(GA_3)低于红桔砧树,整个试验期间,Z/GA_3和ABA/GA_3比值均为枳砧树高于红桔砧树。     

几种砧木对哈姆林甜橙植株生长、产量及果实品质的影响

以7种不同砧木的8年生哈姆林甜橙为试材,对植株营养生长、产量和果实品质进行了比较。结果表明,不同砧木对哈姆林甜橙生长和产量有不同影响,其中以卡里佐枳橙为砧的植株树冠体积最大,以光皮酸橘、枸头橙和李齐16-6枳为砧的植株树冠体积较小,单位树冠体积产量以光皮酸橘为砧的植株最高,单株挂果数则以李齐16-6枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧的最多。不同砧木对果实品质有显著影响,其中以光皮酸橘为砧的果实体积和单果质量最大,以兰普来檬为砧的果汁含量最高,以李齐16-6枳和卡里佐枳橙为砧的果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量最高,以李齐16-6枳为砧的果实可滴定酸含量亦最高,而李齐16-6枳和兰普来檬为砧的果实维生素C含量最高。从外观品质看,枸头橙为砧的果实油斑病发生程度最高。综合评价认为,以卡里佐枳橙、李齐16-6枳为砧的单株具产量高、果汁TSS含量高和风味浓郁等优点,是哈姆林甜橙较为理想的砧木。     

Somatic hybridization of high yield,cold-hardy and disease resistant parents for citrus rootstock improvement

Summary

Increasing losses of trees to diseases, expansion of plantings into more marginal production areas and the need to control tree size to reduce harvesting costs have elevated the demand for new improved citrus rootstocks in Florida. A major strategy of the CREC rootstock improvement programme has been to use protoplast fusion to produce allotetraploid somatic hybrids that combine complementary rootstock germplasm. Tetraploid citrus rootstocks have been shown to have a built-in tree size control component due to polyploidy. This report focuses on the incorporation of newly identified superior rootstock germplasm into the somatic hybridization programme. Poncirus trifoliata 50–7, a selection of trifoliate orange selected for superior resistance to Phytophthora nicotianae, was hybridized with sour orange, Changsha mandarin, Navel orange, and a seedy white ‘Duncan’ type grapefruit. High-yielding Benton citrange (Citrus sinensis 3 Poncirus trifoliata) was hybridized with Changsha mandarin and sour orange. More than 200 plants of each of these six new somatic hybrids were propagated via tissue culture and rooted cuttings. To assess their horticultural performance, all the somatic hybrids were budded with commercially important scions and planted in replicated trials representing the two most important soil types in Florida. Seed trees of each somatic hybrid have also been planted in the field to determine fruiting potential and level of polyembryony.     

Production of mandarin + pummelo somatic hybrid citrus rootstocks with potential for improved tolerance/resistance to sting nematode

Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau) has become a primary factor limiting citrus production in localized regions of the central Florida sandridge citrus production area, making the development of resistant rootstocks a new breeding objective. In efforts to develop a replacement rootstock for the widely adapted sour orange, our focus has been on somatic hybridization of selected mandarin + pummelo combinations [Grosser, J.W., Gmitter, Jr., F.G., 1990. Protoplast fusion and citrus improvement. Plant Breed. Rev. 8, 339–374; Ananthakrishnan, G., Calovic, M., Serrano, P., Grosser, J.W., 2006. Production of additional allotetraploid somatic hybrids combining mandarins and sweet oranges with pre-selected pummelos as potential candidates to replace sour orange rootstock. In Vitro Cell. Dev.: Plant 42, 367–371], since sour orange is probably an introgression hybrid of mandarin and pummelo as suggested by molecular marker analyses [Nicolosi, E., Deng, Z.N., Gentile, A., La Malfa, S., Tribulato, E., 2000. Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 100, 1155–1166; Gulsen, O., Roose, M.L., 2001. Lemons: diversity and relationships with selected Citrus genotypes as measured with nuclear genome markers. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126, 309–317]. Somatic hybrid plants were produced from four new mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) + pummelo (C. grandis L. Osbeck) parental combinations by fusing embryogenic suspension culture-derived protoplasts isolated from selected mandarins with leaf protoplasts of pummelo seedlings previously selected for tolerance/resistance to the sting nematode (B. longicaudatus Rau) as follows: Amblycarpa mandarin + ‘Liang Ping Yau’ (seedling) pummelo seedling SN7; Amblycarpa mandarin + ‘Hirado Buntan Pink’ (HBP) pummelo seedling SN3; Murcott tangor + pummelo seedling SN3; and Shekwasha mandarin + pummelo seedling SN3. Somatic hybridization was verified by ploidy analysis (via flow cytometry) and RAPD analyses. Mandarin parents were selected for wide soil-adaptation and ability to produce friable embryogenic callus lines. Pummelo seedlings used as leaf parents were identified from a previous screen of large seed populations (200 each) from four pummelos for resistance to sting nematode as follows: ‘Hirado Buntan Pink‘; ‘Red Shaddock‘; ‘Large Pink Pummelo’ and a seedling pummelo of ‘Liang Ping Yau‘. Ten resistant/tolerant pummelo seedlings were selected from the 800 pummelo seeds planted in the screen for further study. The four new somatic hybrids have been propagated to evaluate their horticultural performance and resistance to the sting nematode. These potential somatic hybrid rootstocks should also have potential to control tree size due to polyploidy.     

哈姆林甜橙砧木比较试验——Ⅱ.宜昌橙不同选系的比较

经15年试验,比较了以宜昌橙6个不同选系作砧木,对哈姆林甜橙树体生长、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,树冠最高大的是以1号选系作砧者,最矮小的是以6号选系作砧者,其树冠体积分别为枳砧对照的31.8％和4.7％;单位树冠体积产量以6号选系为砧者最高,而单株产量和单位树冠投影面积产量则以1号选系为砧者最高;不同选系宜昌橙砧对哈姆林甜橙果实大小、果皮厚薄也有明显影响。认为宜昌橙1号选系为此较有希望的矮化砧木,6号选系宜作超密植栽培的砧木材料。     

砧木对椪柑生长结果及叶片矿质成分的影响

通过10年田间比较试验,探明枳砧与2种惯用乔化砧(椪柑、福桔)对椪柑生长结果及叶片元素含量的影响。枳砧明显抑制椪柑树体及新梢生长,而显著增加其开花、坐果数及单株产量,且产量较稳定。半矮化枳砧椪柑叶片含氮、锰量稳定高于2种乔化砧椪柑;而前者的叶片含钾量较稳定高于后两者,含钙量呈阶段性低于后两者;镁、磷、铜、铁、硼含量差异不稳定、锌无差异。