水产养殖业现代化与工厂化养殖

我国水产养殖业迅猛发展,为整个渔业的发展作出了贡献。本文作者就水产养殖业现代化目标与发展趋势、工厂化养殖现状等专题进行概述。     

工厂化水产养殖中的水处理技术

水产养殖的水处理技术是发展工厂化养殖技术的关键,本文根据我国现代渔业发展的趋势,结合国内外有关水产养殖水处理技术的研究结果与发展趋势,从增氧、悬浮物处理技术、氨氮处理技术、有害气体处理技术、消毒杀菌技术等方面,论述了目前水产养殖水处理技术的主要方法以及进一步研究的发展趋势,为实际应用和开发新技术提供参考依据.     

水产健康养殖内涵的探讨

目前,我国水产养殖业如何继续保持持续地、稳定地向前发展,也就是说,如何进行水产健康养殖,是一个十分迫切的问题。然而,何谓水产健康养殖,至今尚未有一个明确的定义。笔者综合有关资料,对水产健康养殖的概念作出新的界定和描述,并深入探讨其内涵。     

水产健康养殖主要技术措施

当前，由于水域污染日趋严重，导致养殖水体生态环境恶化，食品安全质量明显下降。不仅给人民群众的身体健康带来严重威胁，也给我国水产品的出口及参与国际竞争造成了巨大的负面影响。为此。为保持我国水产养殖业的可持续发展。农业部提出了健康养殖的新理念。近年来，山东省淡水水产研究所在该领域开展了深入研究、技术推广，其中“优质淡水良种健康养殖技术推广”项目，2004年6月获省农牧渔丰收奖壹等奖。在此笔者将近几年的科研、生产成果和个人见解总结出来，与水产同仁共商榷。     

浅谈陆基水产养殖技术及其特点

陆基水产养殖 (Land- based fish farming)技术是一种全面摆脱自然海、淡水水域 ,采用全封闭式水循环 ,运用高新技术组装的环保型、集约化养殖技术 ,其养殖产量是自然水域产量的数十倍至百余倍 ,且具有节能、节水、节约土地等特点。这种集智能化、产业化、效益化于一体 ,摆脱了传统水产养殖受自然环境的制约 ,保障了水产品产量的稳定、品味上乘、安全健康的新型水产养殖技术 ,属我国水产养殖方式的一次革命。该技术水平居国内领先 ,达到国际先进水平。一、我国水产养殖业的背景情况我国水产养殖业经历了 80年代～ 90年代 2 0年的快速发展时…     

水产养殖处结合水产养殖业增长方式转变行动认真谋划我省水产养殖工作

为加快我国畜牧业、水产养殖业增长方式转变，实现可持续发展，农业部决定从2006年起组织实施畜牧水产业增长方式转变行动。为配合这次行动，以水产养殖业增长方式转变行动为契机整体提升我省水产健康养殖水平，促进高产、优质、高效、生态、安全水产养殖业的发展，水产养殖处对“十一五”期间的工作重点进行了认真的谋划：一是按照资源节约、环境友好和循环经济的理念，     

海兴县举办水产养殖技术培训班

为进一步提高水产养殖技术水平,使水产养殖业沿着健康、优质、高效方向发展,2月24日,海兴县畜牧水产局特邀省、市专家在我县水产养殖大村东侯村举办了水产养殖技术培训班,共有60余人参加了培训。     

小议水产养殖技术进步与技术推广

一、传统养殖方式的技术进步 水产养殖的技术进步，表现出一个复杂的、综合的、缓慢的过程。人类的最初生产活动就包括渔业生产，殷朝开始了人工养鱼；唐朝出现了多品种搭配进行混养的立体养鱼方式，并伴之有河道养鱼、稻田养鱼等；到了明朝，我国的淡水养鱼技术通过黄省曾的《养鱼经》和徐光后的《农政全书》等著作的全面系统的总结和论述，     

水产健康生态养殖技术要点

目前,我国水产养殖业迅速发展,规模不断扩大,品种增多,产量迅猛增加。但是,养殖模式大多数仍为传统的养殖模式,随着水产养殖的进一步发展,这种养殖模式的弊端也日益表现出来,已经远远不能适应水产养殖业可持续发展的要求,其主要表现在:水产品质量降低;养殖水体污染、环境恶化;养殖     

水产养殖病害防治技术

<正>由于养殖生产规模的不断扩大,区域生产密度不断增加,集约化的养殖程度不断提高,加上养殖环境的污染,生态条件的失衡,水产养殖的病害发病率也随着     

中国鲟鱼产业技术研发现状与展望

2016年中国鲟鱼养殖产量89 773吨。鲟鱼种苗、饲料、养殖、加工及销售等环节的一些实用技术基本能满足鲟鱼产业的现实需要,但仍然存在不少问题,如种质退化问题、鱼子酱及鱼肉的品质问题、养殖过程中的氮磷排放问题。本文就中国已经形成的鲟鱼产业技术进行梳理、评述和展望。     

A review of production frontier analysis for aquaculture management

Abstract

This paper examines recent advances in production economics with special reference to efficiency measurement using production frontiers and its implications for aquaculture management. Compared with agriculture and other industries, the use of production frontiers in aquaculture is still very limited. However, in recent years several frontier applications in aquaculture have appeared in the literature, suggesting potential applications of these techniques in aquaculture. A synopsis of stochastic frontier production function model and data envelopment analysis (DEA), the two most popular approaches to efficiency measurement, is presented, followed by a review of recent frontier studies in shrimp, carp and tilapia production. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of future development and prospects of frontier applications for aquaculture management.     

小丑鱼室内循环水养殖设施与技术

为了实现规模化人工养殖小丑鱼(Amphiprioninae),研发了小丑鱼室内循环水养殖设施和技术。1组循环水养殖系统由10个玻璃钢养殖桶和1个水处理玻璃缸及管道系统组成,采用物理过滤、生化过滤、藻板过滤进行循环水处理。1组循环水养殖系统每3个月可养殖产出全长约3.5 cm的商品小丑鱼5 000尾,养殖存活率达80%以上。从2014年至2015年,利用该设施养殖生产出商品小丑鱼10余万尾。和常规的食用海水鱼循环水养殖设施相比,小丑鱼室内循环水养殖系统主要减少了蛋白分离器、气浮机、微滤机等设备,增加了藻板过滤设施。研究表明,小丑鱼室内循环水养殖系统建造成本低、运行能耗低、管理维护简单、水质稳定,可基本实现全封闭循环水养殖,适合进行小丑鱼等海水珊瑚礁观赏鱼类的规模化养殖生产。     

基于启发式Johnson算法优化BP神经网络的水产养殖产量预测模型

针对水产养殖产量预测难的现状,提出一种基于启发式Johnson算法优化的反向传播神经网络(BPNN)的产量预测模型。该模型在传统BP神经网络的基础上,针对网络训练时间长、易陷入局部最优的问题,通过启发式Johnson算法降低输入神经元维度,再结合试凑法确定神经网络隐层个数,构建启发式Johnson反向传播神经网络(HJA-BPNN)学习预测模型。实验结果表明,该模型在山东省对虾海水养殖产量预测中,预测的均方根误差小于传统BP神经网络和GM(1,1),且学习效率相比传统BP神经网络有所提升。研究表明,该学习预测模型在大量历史数据的模型构造上有更大的优势,能够缩短建模时间,同时获得良好的预测效果,为水产养殖产量预测提供了一种可行的新方法。     

The development of Brazilian aquaculture: Introduced and native species

Brazil’s aquaculture production has increased rapidly during the last two decades, growing from basically zero in the 1980s to over one half million (metric) tons in 2011. However, with an increased focus on the domestic market and native species, the development in Brazil has been very different from most other successful aquaculture producers, particularly in Latin America. As in many other countries, the development started with introduced international species such as shrimp and tilapia in a typical developing country fashion, but has shifted to an increasing share of native species and focus on the domestic market. This article analyzes the main aspects concerning this development by the relative productivity of the main species, regulations and markets. Regulations and the technology spreading from international species may be considered as important factors for this somewhat unusual development. The future prospects for the Brazilian aquaculture industry development are positive, since there is not only space available for expansion for both exotic and native species, but also an untapped domestic market.     

海水工厂化养殖生产能力评估方法

生产能力反映出海水工厂化养殖企业的可蓄养生物资源量,是评估海水工厂化养殖企业生物资源资产的重要指标,本文根据海水工厂化养殖的特点,提出了评估海水工厂化养殖企业生产能力的技术思路与原则,并在详细论述影响生产能力主要因素的基础上,提出了具体的评估方法,同时阐述了此方法的实用性和对完善海域评估方法的意义。     

Profitability and technical efficiency of aquaculture systems in pampaanga,philippines

Abstract

We evaluate the profitability and technical efficiency of aquaculture in the Philippines. Farm‐level data are used to compare two production systems corresponding to the intensive monoculture of tilapia in freshwater ponds and the extensive polyculture of shrimps and fish in brackish water ponds. Both activities are very lucrative, with brackish water aquaculture achieving the higher level of profit per farm. Stochastic frontier production functions reveal that technical efficiency is low in brackish water aquaculture, with a mean of 53%, explained primarily by the operator's experience and by the frequency of his visits to the farm. In freshwater aquaculture, the farms achieve a mean efficiency level of 83%. The results suggest that the provision of extension services to brackish water fish farms might be a cost‐effective way of increasing production and productivity in that sector. By contrast, technological change will have to be the driving force of future productivity growth in freshwater aquaculture.     

基于渔盐一体化养殖的中国明对虾营养成分分析

为系统了解渔盐一体化生态养殖模式下中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)的营养价值,通过测定其肌肉基本营养成分(水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、总糖),蛋白质的氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、维生素和无机元素等,对其营养价值进行评价。结果显示:该养殖模式下,中国明对虾蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的39.03%,符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;呈味氨基酸含量高达43.73%;脂肪含量低;维生素B3和维生素E含量丰富;富含人体必需的钙、铁、锌、镁、硒等矿质元素,无重金属污染。研究表明:渔盐一体化生态养殖的中国明对虾是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、高矿物质、营养价值较高的优质海产虾类。     

Restructuring European freshwater aquaculture from family‐owned to large‐scale firms – lessons from Danish aquaculture

Aquaculture is the world's fastest growing animal food producing sector. Although its overall performance is very good, it is unevenly spread geographically. In particular, the growth in most EU countries has been stagnating over the past 20 years despite repeated policy initiatives to launch new growth in the industry. The lack of production growth in EU aquaculture is often explained by strict environmental regulation and bureaucracy. In this article, we argue that an additional important element is an industry structure that limits the innovation and use of new technologies. Historically, farms have been small and often co‐managed with larger agriculture production. However, to succeed in a market with global competition, technological innovation and sector‐wide specialization, it is necessary to continuously increase productivity and induce investments in larger production facilities to take advantage of economies of scale. In Denmark, a structural change was ‘kicked off’ in 2005. In just 6 years, 30% of Danish production in freshwater has been reallocated to larger and more technologically advanced recirculation farms. Labour productivity has increased and the environmental impact per kilo of fish produced has been reduced, improving future prospects for aquaculture in Denmark and Europe.     

Optimization of fertilization rate for maximizing periphyton production on artificial substrates and the implications for periphyton-based aquaculture

The effects of four rates of application of fertilizer, with cow manure (3000 kg ha⁻¹), urea (100 (kg ha⁻¹) and triple super phosphate (TSP) (100 kg ha⁻¹) (treatment F)), treatment F × 0.5 (treatment 0.5F), treatment F × 1.5 (treatment 1.5F) and treatment F × 2 (treatment 2F), on periphyton, plankton and water quality in tropical freshwater ponds were studied. The highest periphyton biomass in terms of dry matter (3.27 mg cm⁻² substrate), ash-free dry matter (2.06 mg cm⁻² substrate) and chlorophyll a (7.49 µg cm⁻² substrate) developed in treatment 1.5F. The ash content of periphyton was lower in treatment 1.5F (38% of dry matter) than in other treatments (57–66% of dry matter). Total ammonia and chlorophyll a of water increased with fertilization rate. Treatment 1.5F (cow manure, urea and TSP at rates of 4500, 150 and 150 kg ha⁻¹ respectively) appears to be the optimum, yielding high quantity and quality periphyton. By supplying a substrate area for periphyton equivalent to the pond surface, it was estimated that this level of fertilization could support a fish production of around 5000 kg ha⁻¹ y⁻¹, without recourse to supplementary food.