Overexpression, purification, and in vitro refolding of the 11S globulin from amaranth seed in Escherichia coli

An amarantin 11S globulin cDNA encoding one of the most important storage proteins of amaranth seeds, with a high content of essential amino acids, was expressed in Escherichia coli. A good level of expression of recombinant amarantin with a molecular weight of 59 kDa was obtained. The recombinant protein was extracted by ammonium sulfate precipitation and purified to homogeneity using ion-exchange chromatography and reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The expressed protein exhibited electrophoretic, immunochemical, and surface hydrophobicity properties similar to those of native amarantin from amaranth seed. Also, the recombinant protein was refolded in vitro using two different methods.     

基于蛋白质反式剪接在大肠杆菌中表达鲎C因子CES多肽

鲎C因子是鲎血细胞中一种对内毒素具有高亲和力的丝氨酸蛋白酶原,可替代鲎试剂用于内毒素检测。鲎C因子N端Cys—EGF．sushil—sushi2（CES）片段中的sushil区域是与内毒素结合的关键部位。本研究在sushil结构域中的特定位点断开CES与内毒素结合的功能片段,然后分别和蛋白质内含肽SspDnaX的N端片段（IN）和C端片段0C）连接,并在大肠杆菌中表达,表达产物经亲和层析纯化、复性以及内毒素去除后,利用蛋白质反式剪接系统,在体外诱导该蛋白质内含肽发生剪接,重新得到C因子的CES蛋白,并检测其活性。实验结果表明此重组CES蛋白具有结合内毒素活性,提示在大肠杆菌系统中开发低成本内毒素检测试剂的可行性。     

Enhanced expression of chicken cystatin as a thioredoxin fusion form in Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS and its effect on the prevention of surimi gel softening

The DNA encoding chicken lung cystatin was ligated into a thioredoxin-pET 23a+ expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3)pLysS. A high level of soluble recombinant thioredoxin-cystatin (trx-cystatin) was expressed in the cytoplasm of the E. coli transformant. As compared with recombinant cystatin (trx-free), a 38.7% increase of inhibitory activity in the soluble fraction was achieved by introducing the trx fusion protein. Trx-cystatin was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity by 3 min of heating at 90 degrees C and Sephacryl S-100 chromatography. The molecular mass of trx-cystatin was 29 kDa, which was the expected size based on its composition of recombinant trx (16 kDa) and chicken cystatin (13 kDa). The purified trx-cystatin behaved as a thermally stable and papain-like proteinase inhibitor comparable to either recombinant or natural chicken cystatins. The inhibitor could inhibit the gel softening of mackerel surimi.     

Expression of soluble form carp (Cyprinus carpio) ovarian cystatin in Escherichia coli and its purification

A DNA encoding thioredoxin-mature carp ovarian cystatin (trx-cystatin) fusion protein was ligated into a pET-23a(+) expression vector and then transformed into Escherichia coli AD494(DE3) expression host. After induction by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, a high level of the soluble form of recombinant trx-cystatin was expressed in the cytoplasm of E. coli. The recombinant trx-cystatin could be purified by Ni(2+)-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. The molecular mass (M) of the recombinant trx-cystatin was approximately 28 kDa composed of recombinant thioredoxin (16 kDa) and recombinant mature carp ovarian cystatin (12 kDa). Both recombinant trx-fused and mature carp ovarian cystatins were stable at pH 6-11. No obvious decrease in activity was observed even after 5 min of incubation at 60 degrees C. They exhibited papain-like protease inhibition activity comparable to that of the mature carp ovarian cystatin, which could inhibit papain and mackerel cathepsins L and L-like, but not cathepsin B.     

鸭瘟病毒gB蛋白N端抗原域的高效表达及其免疫特性初步研究

在分析鸭瘟病毒gB蛋白抗原性的基础上,设计一对引物克隆gB蛋白N端抗原性较好的抗原域编码基因, 克隆至表达载体pET32a中, 构建了原核表达质粒pET-gB1。将pET-gB1转化至感受态E. coli BL21(DE3) 中, 经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE 分析, 可见约42.4kDa 的目的蛋白以包涵体形式表达。Western blotting 分析发现, 表达产物与抗鸭瘟的鼠阳性血清发生特异性反应。将包涵体溶解于8mol/L的尿素中, 利用His•Bind试剂盒获得纯化的蛋白, 将纯化的蛋白皮下注射免疫小鼠, 间接ELISA法测得抗体的效价, MTT 法检测免疫小鼠的T 淋巴细胞增殖反应能力。结果说明该融合蛋白能够诱导机体产生较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

表达禽流感病毒核蛋白重组噬菌体的构建

摘要：利用PCR技术，扩增去除部分序列、长度为1320 bp、编码440个氨基酸的禽流感病毒(AIV)NP基因片段，将其克隆至pR质粒的T4噬菌体SOC基因C末端获得重组质粒pR-NP，以此重组载体转化大肠杆菌E2，用溶菌酶缺陷噬菌体T4-Z1感染重组E2菌，重组载体与缺陷噬菌体T4-Z1基因发生同源重组，将NP基因整合到噬菌体基因组中，用PCR方法筛选重组噬菌体并命名为T4-Z1-NP。经Western blot检测证实，T4-Z1-NP表达的NP融合蛋白具有免疫学活性。成功构建了表达禽流感病毒核蛋白的重组噬菌体。     

Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid formed by proline dehydrogenase from the Bacillus subtilis ssp. natto expressed in Escherichia coli as a precursor for 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline

Proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) catalyzes the biosynthesis of Delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C). The Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto gene for the proline dehydrogenase (BnPRODH) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the clone revealed an open-reading frame that encodes 302 amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 34.5 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed sequence similarity to bacterial PRODH and PutA of E. coli. The BnPRODH gene was cloned into pET21b and was expressed at a high level in E. coli BL21(DE3). The expressed protein was purified by using nickel ion affinity column chromatography to homogeneity before characterization. The purified recombinant BnPRODH was used to produce P5C. Model system composed of P5C and methylglyoxal was set up to study the formation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Our data showed that P5C, derived from the conversion of l-proline by the purified recombinant PRODH, might react directly with methylglyoxal to form 2-AP. P5C/methylglyoxal pathway represents the first report of a biological mechanism by which 2-AP may be synthesized in vitro by PRODH.     

猪粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（pGM-CSF)基因的克隆与原核表达

通过RT-PCR方法,从经ConA刺激的猪外周血淋巴细胞中扩增出猪粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（pGM-CSF）编码区的cDNA并将其克隆至pMD-19T载体,序列测定表明pGM-CSF基因的长度为435 bp,编码144个氨基酸。通过PCR方法获得缺失其N端17个氨基酸残基信号肽序列的成熟pGM-CSF蛋白基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a（+）,构建重组表达质粒pET-GM并转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )BL21（DE3）中进行诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot分析表明,表达的重组蛋白分子量约31 kD,主要以包涵体形式存在,表达量占菌体总蛋白的30.4% 。采用Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱对经稀释复性的重组蛋白进行纯化,并采用MTT法以TF-1细胞检测纯化产物的生物学活性。结果表明,重组蛋白可有效刺激TF-1细胞增殖,其活性达到3.43×105 IU/mg。     

鹅细小病毒vp1基因片段的原核表达及抗血清的制备

利用PCR技术扩增了鹅细小病毒(Goose parvovirus , GPV)HG5/82株vp1基因5'端长662 bp的基因片段，将其克隆到pMD18-T Simple载体后，转化入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) DH5α细胞。筛选阳性质粒，并通过BamHⅠ和Hind Ⅲ将外源基因定向克隆到原核表达载体pPROEXTMHTb，所得的阳性重组质粒经序列测定，证明外源片段正确插入到pPROEXTMHTb的预期位置。将转入外源基因的工程菌经0.6 mmol/L IPTG诱导，SDS-PAGE电泳表明， 外源基因表达，融合蛋白分子量约为32 kD。通过薄层扫描分析显示，融合蛋白表达量占工程菌菌体总蛋白的22.8%。经诱导后的工程菌用6 mol/L盐酸胍裂解，再经超声处理后离心，用镍离子亲和树脂对裂解产物的上清进行纯化。纯化所得的融合蛋白免疫白兔，制备了兔抗鹅细小病毒结构蛋白的抗血清。Western blot结果表明，抗血清与表达的融合蛋白及亲本病毒的VP1和VP2都具有反应性。     

抗对硫磷基因工程抗体ScFv的制备及其初步鉴定

用一段45个核苷酸的片段连接抗对硫磷抗体重链和轻链可变区基因片段VH和VL,获得了抗对硫磷单链抗体(single chain variable fragment,scFv)基因,构建了抗对硫磷scFv基因原核表达载体。SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析显示,该单链抗体基因能在大肠杆菌Origami 2中特异性表达,融合蛋白分子量约为28kD。用Ni-NTA金属亲和层析法对可溶性表达产物进行纯化,得到目的蛋白纯度为74.8%;ELISA反应结果证明,该单链抗体可以与对硫磷发生特异性反应。     

8S globulin of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]: cloning and characterization of its cDNA isoforms, expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and crystallization of the major recombinant 8S isoform

Three isoforms of the cDNA of the major 8S globulin of mungbean, 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta, were isolated, cloned, and characterized. The cDNA sequences of 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta had open reading frames of 1362, 1359 or 1362, and 1359 bp, respectively, which code for 454, 453 or 454, and 453 amino acids corresponding to molecular weights of 51 973, 51 627 or 51 758, and 51 779, respectively. Homology in terms of cDNA and amino acid sequences was 91-92% between 8Salpha and 8Salpha', 87% between 8Salpha and 8Sbeta, and 86-88% between 8Salpha' and 8Sbeta. The signal peptide was found to be 1-25, 1-24 or 25, and 1-23 for 8Salpha, 8Salpha', and 8Sbeta, respectively, using the signalP website (Nielsen, H.; Engelbrecht, J.; Brunak, S.; von Heijne, G. Protein Eng. 1997, 10, 1-6). The propeptide was determined to be IVHREN. A single site for glycosylation (N-X-S/T) was observed about 90 amino acids from the C terminus. Homology between mungbean 8S isoforms and other 7-8S proteins ranged from 45 to 68% within members of the legume family and 29 to 34% for crops of different species. The major isoform 8Salpha was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by successive ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and Mono Q column chromatography. The recombinant 8Salpha, but not the native form, was successfully crystallized producing rhombohedral crystals.     

香蕉条斑病毒ORFⅠ、ORFⅡ在大肠杆菌中的原核表达和自激活特性的鉴定

目前,香蕉条斑病毒所有3个ORF表达产物功能均不明确,通过双杂技术研究病毒未知蛋白与宿主蛋白的互作,可以初步推断未知蛋白的功能。本实验旨在构建香蕉条斑病毒ORFⅠ和ORFⅡ在细菌双杂系统中的诱饵质粒。首先以课题组保存的连接有香蕉条斑病毒河口分离物全基因组的pMD-18T载体DNA为模板,经过PCR扩增,切胶回收,并通过与带有λcI基因的pBT载体共同双酶切及T4连接酶连接后,得到与λcI基因融合表达的重组载体pBT-ORF1和pBT-ORF2。转化大肠杆菌XL1-BlueMRF＇报告菌株,用IPTG（0.1mmol/L）诱导目的基因片段表达。Westernblotting结果表明,ORF1-λcI和ORF1-λcI两种融合蛋白均成功表达,且大小与预期一致。之后,pBT-ORF1及pBT-ORF2分别与空质粒pTRG共转化XL1-BlueMRF＇报告菌株,pBT空质粒和pTRG-Gal11p共转化作为阴性对照。结果显示pBT-ORF1及pBT-ORF2均无自激活现象,可以进行后续的细菌双杂工作。本实验为BSV与宿主的细菌双杂系统的建立及蛋白组学的研究奠定了基础。     

一种新的精子膜蛋白sp18基因的克隆及其在E.coli 中的表达

摘要：利用sp18 mAb筛选小鼠睾丸λgt11-cDNA表达文库,命名为sp18（GenBank登录号：AF129872）的阳性克隆由 1 468 bp组成,开放阅读框（open reading frame, ORF）长约429 bp,编码142个氨基酸。起始密码ATG位于第694 bp,终止密码位于第1 122 bp,polyA位于1 245~1 250 bp。核苷酸同源性分析表明,sp18 cDNA的10~651 bp与人视神经Hr44的532~ 1 173 bp、sp18 cDNA的10~816 bp、864~1 444 bp与牛视神经Hr44的1 408~2 208 bp、2 250~2 309 bp的cDNA序列有很高的同源性, 高达98%。推测sp18基因可能是生殖系统存在的一种新基因。sp18编码蛋白的理论分子量约为15.7 kD,有8个N-糖基化位点和12个O-糖基化位点,亲水性分析表明sp18多肽是一种精子跨膜蛋白,跨膜区位于第17~33氨基酸处。将sp18 cDNA亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a(+),在E. coli BL21（DE3）中得到诱导表达,其表观分子量约为16.5 kD,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的32%。Western blot分析表明sp18 mAb能识别重组的sp18膜蛋白,表明重组蛋白具有免疫原性,为进一步研究sp18基因的功能打下了基础。     

Construction of a recombinant thermostable beta-amylase-trehalose synthase bifunctional enzyme for facilitating the conversion of starch to trehalose

A fusion gene that encoded a polypeptide of 1495 amino acids was constructed from the beta-amylase (BA) gene of Clostridium thermosulfurogenes and trehalose synthase (TS) gene of Thermus thermophilus. The fused gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and a recombinant bifunctional fusion protein with BA at the N-terminal (BATS) or C-terminal (TSBA) of TS having both beta-amylase and trehalose synthase activities with an apparent molecular mass of 164 kDa was obtained. BATS or TSBA catalyzes the sequential reaction in which maltose is formed from starch and then is converted into trehalose. The Km values of the BATS and TSBA fusion enzymes for the reaction from starch to trehalose were smaller than those of an equimolar mixture of BA and TS (BA/TS). On the other hand, the kcat value of BATS approximated that of the BA/TS mixture, but that of TSBA exceeded it. TSBA showed much higher sequential catalytic efficiency than the separately expressed BA/TS mixture. The catalytic efficiency of TSBA or BATS was 3.4 or 2.4 times higher, respectively, than that of a mixture of individual enzymes, showing the kinetic advantage of the fusion enzyme. The thermal stability readings of the recombinant fusion enzymes BATS and TSBA were better than that of the mixture of individual recombinant enzymes. These results apparently demonstrate that fusion enzymes catalyzing sequential reactions have kinetic advantages over a mixture of both enzymes.     

重组海参溶菌酶C端基因(SjLys-C)的可溶性表达和抑菌活性分析

为进一步研究海参(Stichopus japonicus)溶菌酶基因(Sjys)(Genbank登录号:EF036468)中不司片段表达产物的生物特性,本研究通过对其cDNA片段的分析,发现C端基因区域所对应的蛋白质序列中含有非酶活性.根据已知的海参溶菌酶的cDNA序列,设计山含有Nco Ⅰ和EcoR Ⅰ酶切位点的特异性引物,从新鲜的海参肠中提取总RNA,以其为模板利用RT-PCR扩增出长度为259 bp的溶菌酶C端(SjLys-C)基因.将该目的基因连接到pET-32a(+)载体上,构建重组质粒pET-32a(+)-SjLys-C,再转化至大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Rosetta(DE3)pLysS,成功地构建了重组蛋白SjLys-C的基因工程菌.利用该工程菌诱导发酵,结果显示它能高效表达出26 kD左右的重组蚩白SjLys-C.经过Western blot分析,该重组蛋白在26 kD左右能够与Penta-His抗体发生特异性免疫反应.对纯化的重组蛋白SjLys-C进行了抑菌特性的分析,结果发现它对溶壁微球菌(Micrococcus lysodeikticus)和副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahae molytic us)有较高的抑菌活性.此外,将该重组蛋白经100℃、40 min处理后,其抑菌能力提高了5％～21％.研究结果表明,重组蛋白SjLys-C基因工程菌能够制备出具有可溶性的、并具有抑菌活性的重组蛋白SjLys-C,在农业和医药等行业中有潜在应用和开发价值.     

肠毒素性大肠杆菌mSTⅠ-linker-LTB融合蛋白基因工程菌的构建及免疫保护试验

用分子生物学方法拼接成肠毒素性大肠杆菌(ETEC)mSTⅠ-linker-LTB融合基因，并定向克隆到pET32a(+)中，转化宿主菌BL21（DE3）。重组菌经1mM IPTG诱导，在30℃下，5h时表达产物（分子量约为37KD）达到高峰，表达量约占菌体总蛋白30%。表达产物主要存在包涵体中，经Western blot鉴定呈阳性。乳鼠胃内接种试验证明,融合蛋白无野生型STⅠ的生物毒性。将融合蛋白与矿物油乳化后免疫ICR小鼠，对K88、K99、987P和F41的保护率分别为83.3%、100%、66.7%和66.7%。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒ORF27基因的表达和细胞内定位

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）ORF27编码区全长768bp，编码255个氨基酸残基组成的多肽，预计分子量29.5kD。PCR扩增获得该基因，克隆到融合表达载体pGEX-4t-2中，表达蛋白分子量55.5kD，表达量约占细菌总蛋白的9.2%。割胶透析法纯化融合蛋白，免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。再把该基因插入到转移载体pFastBacHTb，转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞，构建重组病毒；提取病毒基因组DNA，在Lipofectin介导下转染昆虫细胞Tn-5B1-4。表达蛋白分子量为32kD，表达量约占细胞总蛋白的2.9%。将ORF27在昆虫细胞中表达产物固定，免疫电镜法确定表达蛋白主要存在于细胞的细胞质中。ORF27基因表达及在细胞内定位为其进一步研究提供了基础。     

猪TNNC2基因的克隆及其融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据GenBank上猪TNNC2（Fast skeletal muscle troponin C2）基因序列（GenBank accession No. DQ629177）设计一对引物,采用RT-PCR方法克隆得到617 bp TNNC2 cDNA片段（GenBank accession No. EF673726）,包括完整的开放阅读框（ORF）,与GenBank上公布的猪TNNC2基因（GenBank accession No. AY575058）的ORF核苷酸序列同源性达99 %,并发现开放阅读框内的5个点突变,319位点T→C,320 位点G→A,321位点C→T,导致氨基酸107位Ala（丙氨酸）→Met（蛋氨酸）,322位点A→G为同义突变,433位点A→T,导致氨基酸144位Glu（谷氨酸）→Asp（天冬氨酸）。根据已获得的TNNC2基因开放阅读框序列,重新设计引物扩增得到包含BamH I和EcoR I酶切位点的完整阅读框,将其首先克隆到pMD18-T载体中,经菌液PCR筛选和酶切鉴定后,用BamH I和EcoR I将目的片段切下,再克隆到原核表达载体pRSET A中构建重组表达质粒pRSET A-TNNC2。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG不同诱导条件诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot分析证实重组表达质粒pRSET A-TNNC2表达出24 kD左右的融合蛋白,最佳诱导时间为4 h,最佳的IPTG诱导浓度为0.6 mmol/L,表达产物以可溶性蛋白的形式存在。     

重组鸡β-防御素5 - β-防御素10双分子蛋白的构建及其理化特性分析

鸡抗菌肽属禽β-防御素（AvBD）类,是鸡先天性免疫的重要组成部分。研究将AvBD10基因定向插入到AvBD5-pGEX SalⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切位点上,构建了AvBD5-pGEX- AvBD10双基因共表达重组载体。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli ) BL21,于37 ℃不同时间进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测外源基因的表达。结果表明,重组AvBD5-AvBD10双分子融合蛋白的分子量约为36 kD,重组双分子蛋白占菌体总蛋白的35%,重组菌表达产物以包涵体形式存在。重组双分子蛋白经纯化后,分别以对数生长中期的大肠杆菌[BL21(DE3-) 株]与致病性链球菌［Streptococcus（CAB株）］为检测菌,利用薄层平皿琼脂糖孔穴扩散法测定了重组双分子蛋白的抗菌活性,结果表明,重组双分子蛋白对这两种细菌都具有抗菌活性。并且对温度和pH有很高的稳定性,在-70～100 ℃或pH 3～12处理30 min仍具有抗菌活性。     

草莓果实特异表达基因annfaf 在E. coli 中的表达及抗血清的制备

摘要：将草莓?穴Fragaria ananassa Duch. ?雪果实中特异表达的膜联蛋白基因annfaf的cDNA连接重组到pET-30a质粒中，构建了融合和非融合蛋白表达载体。annfaf 基因转化大肠杆菌(E. coli )后以包含体形式得到了高效表达，同时研究了annfaf基因表达的影响因素。实验结果表明, 最佳培养温度是37 ℃ ，培养时间为4 h，当培养液中加入利福霉素时可明显提高表达量中目的蛋白的含量。SDS-PAGE检测表明该蛋白分子量为35 kD，与目的蛋白相同。以表达的蛋白作抗原免疫家兔，制备了抗Annfaf蛋白的抗血清。ELISA检测及Western印迹表明，制备的抗血清可与其免疫抗原发生特异的免疫学反应，且具有较高的效价。该实验结果为进一步研究Annfaf蛋白在草莓果实细胞中的定位及其生理功能奠定了基础。