水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响

在高产施氮量180 kg hm^-2条件下,以杂交稻冈优527为材料,通过“淹水灌溉”(W₁)、“湿润灌溉(前期)+浅水灌溉(孕穗期)+干湿交替灌溉(抽穗至成熟期)”(W₂)和“旱种”(W₃) 3种灌水及不同的氮肥运筹处理,研究水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运、分配及产量的影响,并探讨各养分间及其与产量的相互关系。结果表明,水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾的累积、转运、分配及产量的影响均存在显著的互作效应,水氮互作条件下各生育期氮、磷、钾间的吸收存在显著的协同效应;抽穗期氮、磷、钾的累积与各养分在结实期转运总量间,以及结实期各养分转运间均呈极显著正相关,且氮、钾在抽穗前期的累积对促进结实期各养分向籽粒的转运和提高产量影响显著,但氮肥后移比例过重(N₄处理)及W₃处理均会导致结实期叶片和茎鞘各养分转运总量的显著降低,氮、磷、钾降幅分别达2.73%~18.00%、8.03%~19.70%、6.52%~17.02%。据产量及其与养分吸收、转运间关系的表现,W₁模式下氮肥后移量以占总施氮量的40%~60%为宜,W₂模式与氮肥运筹方式为基肥:蘖肥:孕穗肥(倒四、二叶龄期分2次等量施入)=3∶3∶4组合是本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹模式,W₃模式下,应减少氮肥的后移量,氮肥后移量占总施氮量的20%~40%为宜。     

N and P Fertilizer Use in Soybean/Maize Mixture

Field experiments were conducted to investigate into the N and P fertilizer use in soybean/maize mixture during the wet seasons of 1985 and 1986 at Yandev Agricultural Experiment Station. Soybean/maize mixtures with 2/3 of the respective plant population of both crops in pure stands were raised at factorial combinations of four rates of N, 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha and four rates of P, 0, 13.2, 26.4 and 39.6 kg P/ha in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
The grain yield of maize cv. TZB (a pure line variety) in mixture and land equivalent ratio (LER) increased linearly up to 120 kg N/ha in 1985 as against significant increase in the grain yield of maize cv. 8322–3 (a hybrid variety) and LER up to 40 kg N/ha only in 1986 primarily due to greater fertilizer N recovery by the latter. Significant enhancement in LER was also recorded up to 26.4 kg P/ha in both years. The yield of soybean in mixture remained unaffected by N or P rates.
Total N uptake by shoots of soybean/maize mixture was significantly and linearly increased up to the application of 120 kg N/ha in 1985 as against significant increase in total N uptake by soybean/maize mixture only up to 40 kg N/ha in 1986 owing to the greater fertilizer N recovery by maize (69%) in the latter than the one (29.75—31.75%) in the former. Total N uptake by shoots of soybean/maize was also increased significantly due to the application of 26.4 kg P/ha.
Application of N and P also significantly enhanced P uptake by shoots of soybean/maize mixture and fertilizer P recovered by mixture was less (3.99—12.95%) in 1985 than the one (19.95—32.12%) in 1986.     

黄河三角洲盐渍棉花施用氮、磷、钾肥的效应研究

为探讨盐渍土抗虫棉施用NPK肥的效应及其营养生理机制,指导滨海盐渍土抗虫棉合理施肥,在黄河三角洲盐渍土低、中、高盐棉田种植转Bt基因抗虫棉鲁棉研28,研究N、P、K肥配合施用对其养分吸收利用、Na⁺吸收积累、光合速率、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明,N、P肥配合,尤其是N、P、K肥配合施用显著增加了低、中、高盐田棉花的N、P、K养分吸收量,减少了Na⁺吸收积累量。低、中、高盐田棉花的N、P、K养分农学利用效率均以NPK配施的处理较高,氮养分农学利用效率分别为0.20、1.95和2.07 kg皮棉 kg^–1 N,磷养分农学利用效率分别为0.87、8.35和8.71 kg皮棉 kg^–1 P,钾养分农学利用效率分别为0.26、2.89和3.77 kg皮棉 kg^–1 K。N、P、K肥配合施用还维持了较高的棉株叶面积、叶绿素含量和净光合速率。低、中、高盐田棉花的生物产量和皮棉产量也均以NPK配施的处理较高,皮棉产量分别增产2.53%、28.67%和30.47%。中、高盐棉田的施肥效应明显好于低盐棉田。表明根据盐碱程度分类合理施肥是减轻盐渍土营养障碍、改善棉花营养、提高养分农学利用效率和棉花产量的有效途径。     

苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中施肥对饲料产量、养分吸收与土壤性质的影响

大田试验条件下采用苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)与黑麦草(Lolium L.)轮作,分别设CK(不施肥)、NP(施氮磷肥)、NK(施氮钾肥)、PK(施磷钾肥)、NPK(施氮磷钾肥) 5个处理研究施肥对饲草产量、养分吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配施显著提高苏丹草与黑麦草鲜草产量,2005—2006年与2006—2007年两季饲草分别为162.7 t hm^-2、114.9 t hm^-2,分别比同期PK、NK、NP处理增产312.9%、26.9%、17.9%和338.5%、20.3%、17.2%。施肥影响饲草的氮、磷、钾含量,且氮磷钾配施可以改善饲草养分吸收,2005—2006年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为500 kg hm^-2、91 kg hm^-2和997 kg hm^-2,2006—2007年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为312 kg hm^-2、56 kg hm^-2和402 kg hm^-2。轮作系统中,氮磷钾肥配施条件下氮、磷盈余最少,而钾亏缺。在苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中,随着种植次数的增多,各施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮均有不同程度上升,施磷(NPK、NP、PK)处理的速效磷、施钾(NPK、NK、PK)处理的速效钾均有上升,而NK处理的速效磷、NP处理的速效钾略有下降。     

Effect of Low Temperature of Irrigation Water on Rice Growth and Nutrient Uptake

The study was designed to investigate the effect of cold irrigation water on rice growth and on uptake of N, P, K and Zn applied ca. 50, 20, 35 and 5 mg kg⁻¹ soil, respectively. Cold temperature of irrigation water reduced rice shoot and root dry weight and plant height, significantly compared to hot temperature treatment. Under low temperature stress N was a major rice growth determinant. Increased shoot concentrations of both P and Zn allevated the low temperature stress. The uptake of N, P, K and Zn reduced significantly at low temperature (16.5–20 °C soil and 20–24 °C flood water) compared to high temperature (24.5–27 °C soil and 26.5–29.0 °C), with the strongest effect being noticed for N, followed by P, K and Zn. Application of N, P, K and Zn increased their uptake in rice shoots. Nitrogen and K had synergistic effect on their uptake. Responses to N and K application and their uptake behavior were well marked at higher than at low temperature whereas reverse was true for P and Zn.     

Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Concentrations in Developing Maize Grains

A 2-year (1989, 1990) experiment was conducted in the Carpathian Basin near Keszthely, Hungary to evaluate the course of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations in the developing grain. Two maize hybrids were grown at four rates of N application (0, 50, 150 and 250 kg N ha^-1). Plots had been fertilized at these levels since 1983. As a result of the long-term N treatments, stocks of P and K in the soil decreased as the rate of N application increased. As expected, concentrations of N in the mature grains were higher at high doses of N, whereas the rate of N application had little impact on the P and K concentrations in the ripe grains. Only in 1989, when grain yield showed a relatively stronger response to applications of N than in 1990, were the concentrations of P and, to a lesser extent, K reduced by additions of N. These results illustrate that P and K concentrations in the grain are well-buffered against increments in grain yield resulting from the application of N and are also relatively insensitive to low supplies of P and K in the soil. In both hybrids, concentrations of N, P and especially K declined considerably with ongoing grain filling, irrespective of N treatment. Differences in concentrations of P and K for hybrids existed but were not consistent across years.     

粒用高粱养分吸收、产量及品质对氮磷钾营养的响应

基于2011—2012年在山西省农业科学院东阳农业试验基地的大田定位试验,2013年在高粱/玉米轮作体系下,以晋杂23高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]为试料,设置NPK、PK、NK、NP和CK(不施肥)5个施肥处理,每个处理3次重复,采用随机区组排列,研究土壤养分耗竭条件下氮磷钾肥对粒用高粱生长、养分吸收、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,出苗后76 d,NPK、PK、NK和NP处理最大叶叶面积分别比CK增加18.7%、4.1%、17.9%和16.6%,单株总功能叶面积分别比CK处理增加54.1%、18.4%、47.4%和48.2%;整个生育期施肥处理对叶片生物量有显著影响。自出苗后121 d,各施肥处理对茎干物质累积具有显著影响。NPK、PK、NK和NP处理籽粒产量分别比CK增加了93.8%、35.5%、91.2%和78.1%。自出苗后100 d,CK和PK处理叶片中的N含量显著低于NPK、NK和NP处理,此时CK和NK处理显著降低了叶片中P含量。在收获期,CK处理显著降低了籽粒中N含量。CK、PK和NP处理提高了直链淀粉含量,而支链淀粉含量下降,导致直链/支链比值相应增加。施氮肥处理(NPK、NP、NK)的籽粒蛋白质含量明显高于CK和PK处理;NPK处理分别提高了73.9%和40.3%。NPK处理籽粒单宁含量比CK和PK处理分别提高15.6%和22.7%。研究表明,不施肥和不施氮肥显著降低了粒用高粱植株生长、干物质积累、籽粒产量、氮磷养分吸收以及籽粒中支链淀粉、蛋白质和单宁含量,不施肥和不施氮对高粱的影响明显大于不施磷或不施钾,平衡施肥有利于粒用高粱产量的提高和品质的改善。     

N-Dynamik des Bodens, Ertragsbildung und Stickstoffentzug von Winterweizen bei unterschiedlicher Höhe und Verteilung der mineralischen N-Düngung

NO₃ dynamics in the soil, yield formation and N uptake of winter wheat as influenced by dosage and distribution effects of N-fertilizer application
In a 4 year series of field trials carried out with 9 regimes of nitrogen fertilizer application at two trial sites with rather shallow top soil layers but large deviations in soil characteristics, grain yield varied between 50 dt/ ha and 120 dt/ha with nitrogen doses from 0–170 kg N/ha. Soil nitrogen supply for wheat grain formation on unfertilized plots reached 80 kg N/ha/year within the narrow range of 75–95 kg N/ha in different years at both sites which amounts to 1.5 % and 0.5 % of the highly different N-content of the trial sites.
The most successful nitrogen application regimes are characterized by modest fertilizer doses in early spring and the delay of supplemental fertilizer doses until growth stage EC 32. They resulted into modest NO) soil content from EC 29 to EC 32 and/or a noticable decrease of soil NO₃ content during growth stage EC 30–32, which seems to be responsible for the development of only modest stand densities and reduced straw yield, while the delayed supplementation with nitrogen fertilizer overcompensated these effects mainly by increased grain numbers/ear and a remarkable improvement of harvest index.
The contribution of soil borne nitrogen to kernel yield formation started to decrease with even low dosages of supplemental nitrogen fertilization with the exception of the highest yielding season 1987/88. Top levels of grain yield have been regularly obtained with supplemental nitrogen fertilizer dosages about 40 kg N/ha below grain yield nitrogen extraction if they were added within favorable application regimes.     

Ontogenic Changes in Growth and Assimilate Distribution as Influenced by N Supply in Rapeseed-mustard

Brassica juncea , cv. Pusa Bold, and Brassica campestris , cv. Pusa Kalyani, were raised under field conditions with varying levels of N fertilization, i.e. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹. Changes in dry matter accumulation in various plant parts as influenced by N supply were measured throughout the crop ontogeny. N supply up to 120 kg had an increasing effect on the growth of leaves, stem and pods during the entire period till maturity. Analysis on the assimilate distribution pattern revealed that 84–87% of the total was accumulated during the post-flowering phase. Dry matter partitioning profile during the ontogeny indicated that about 72–83 % of the total DM was accumulated in the leaves, while 17–28 % in the stem, in the preflowering phase. This trend was found nearly opposite during the postflowering phase. At maturity, however, stem and pods accounted for nearly equal amounts of dry matter accumulation. Among the genotypes, Pusa Bold recorded significantly higher DM accumulation and seed yield over Pusa Kalyani which, on the other hand, exhibited a better assimilate-partioning ability than the former. Nitrogen levels had a favourable effect on LAI, LAD and CGR in both genotypes. Highly significant correlations were obtained between seed yield vs. LAI, LAD and CGR. N fertilization up to 120 kg ha⁻¹ was found beneficial in enhancing growth and yield of rapeseed-mustard.     

水氮互作对水稻氮磷钾吸收、转运及分配的影响

以杂交稻冈优527为材料,设"淹水灌溉"(W1)、"前期湿润灌溉+孕穗期浅水灌溉+抽穗至成熟期干湿交替灌溉"(W2)和"旱种"(W3)3种灌水及不同的施氮量处理,研究对水稻氮、磷、钾吸收、转运及分配的影响,并探讨各养分间及其与产量间的关系。结果表明,水与氮对水稻主要生育期氮、磷、钾的累积、转运、分配及产量均存在显著的互作作用,水氮互作下各生育期氮、磷、钾吸收、转运及其与产量间均有显著或极显著的正相关,且抽穗前期氮、磷的累积以及分蘖盛期对钾的吸收状况与产量呈极显著正相关。结合产量与稻株氮、磷、钾吸收及转运关系间的表现,W2灌溉方式与施氮量为180kghm-2组合是本试验最佳的水氮耦合运筹方式,淹灌条件下,施氮量以180kghm-2为宜,旱种条件下,施氮量可适当降至90～180kghm-2。     

配比施肥对苜蓿品质和产量的影响

为研究施肥量对苜蓿生产性能的影响,试验以新牧4号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Xinmu No.4)为材料,采用“3414”施肥试验方案,研究不同氮、磷、钾肥配比施肥对苜蓿的产量、品质的影响,以期为苜蓿生产中科学施肥提供参考数据。试验结果表明,不同施肥处理对苜蓿产量、品质影响不同。N2P2K3组合的鲜草产量最高(83.62t.hm-2),N2P2K1次之,分别比N0P0K0(65.17t.hm-2)增产28.31%、20.42%。各处理叶、茎的粗蛋白含量均是第一茬较高;各处理、各茬次中的叶蛋白含量均高于茎,而酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维均低于茎秆中含量;第一茬叶蛋白较高的是N2P2K0,为30.94%;三茬平均叶蛋白含量较高的是N1P2K2,为28.44%,N2P1K2次之,N2P2K2最低,为23.00%。综合分析认为,试验区2年生苜蓿的最佳施肥配比是N2P2K3组合,即120 kg.hm-2 尿素+90 kg.hm-2 过磷酸钙+90 kg.hm-2 硫酸钾。     

氮磷钾配施对制种玉米产量及经济效益的影响

为完善甘肃省张掖市制种玉米施肥体系,探究氮磷钾配方施肥对氮、磷和钾肥利用率的提升效果及其对制种玉米生长与产量的调控效应,明确氮磷钾配施对土壤肥力的影响。以制种玉米为供试作物,地表滴灌为供水方式,设置配方缺氮（T1）、配方缺磷（T2）、配方缺钾（T3）、氮磷钾配方施肥（T4）、常规缺氮（T5）、常规缺磷（T6）、常规缺钾（T7）、常规施肥（T8）和不施肥（T9）9个施肥处理。结果表明,T4与T8处理产量分别为7158.9和6638.9kg/hm²,显著高于相应的缺素施肥处理;T4处理水分利用率较T8处理提高7.33%（P<0.01）,N、P、K化肥利用率分别提高5.9%、67.3%和70.2%（P<0.05）,经济效益提高9.94%,土壤养分综合指数提高20.00%。氮磷钾配方施肥能显著促进作物生长,释放高产潜力,提高水肥利用效率,提升经济效益和土壤肥力,为推荐的施肥模式。     

小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应

在长江流域麦棉两熟制条件下,以Bt转基因抗虫棉为材料,设置不同秸秆还田量(4500 kg hm^–2和9000 kg hm^–2,即半量还田和全量还田)与施钾量(K₂O,150 kg hm^-2和300 kg hm^-2)田间定位试验,研究小麦秸秆还田对棉花产量和主要养分吸收累积的影响及其与化肥钾的差异。结果表明,在施用氮磷肥的基础上,与对照相比,秸秆全量还田处理显著提高了铃数、铃重和皮棉产量,还田第2年和第3年产量增长率分别达143.5%和93.7%;显著提高了各生育时期尤其是吐絮期生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收量,延缓了棉花衰老。秸秆还田对钾吸收的促进效应大于氮磷,还田第3年棉株钾累积总量较对照增加335.1%,每生产100 kg皮棉钾吸收比例增大112.1%。秸秆全量还田处理(K₂O,约折合150 kg hm^–2)促进养分吸收、防止早衰及增产效应均显著大于秸秆半量还田处理,但显著低于施钾量300 kg K₂O hm^–2处理,与施钾量150 kg K₂O hm^–2处理的增产效果相当,但养分吸收量较150 kg K₂O hm^–2处理下降。     

西南稻区不同地域和施氮水平对杂交中稻氮、磷、钾吸收累积的影响

以杂交中稻II优7号和渝香优203为材料,在西南稻区4省(市)的7个生态点采用相同的试验方案,研究了地理位置、土化特性、施氮量对植株氮、磷、钾积累和分配的影响。结果表明,不同试验地点间稻谷产量、干物质产量、氮磷钾的吸收量、收获指数和每生产1 000 kg稻谷的氮、磷、钾需要量(RAGPPG)差异显著或极显著。施肥处理对稻谷产量、干物质产量、氮的吸收量、收获指数和RAGPPG中的氮有显著或极显著影响,对RAGPPG中的磷、钾影响不显著。氮、磷、钾收获指数间和RAGPPG间均呈极显著正相关,RAGPPG和收获指数均与稻谷产量水平没有相关性。经逐步回归分析,RAGPPG和氮、磷、钾收获指数均分别与试验点所处地理位置、施肥水平及土化特性呈极显著线性关系,决定系数分别为0.5972~0.8404和0.7637~0.8804。可作为制定各地水稻高产高效相应的氮、磷、钾施肥量的科学依据。     

不同密度、氮磷钾配比对甘薯产量和商品率的影响

旨在探索不同密度和不同氮磷钾配比下对甘薯产量和商品率的影响,以期为甘薯高质高效生产提供参考。2019、2020年度以兼用型甘薯新品种‘郑红23’为材料,设置7个密度水平、7个氮磷钾配比水平、49个处理组合进行试验。结果表明：种植密度能极显著影响甘薯产量和商品率,随着密度增加产量先升后降,商品率逐渐降低;产量与商品率呈极显著的正相关,与单株结薯数呈显著正相关,与地上部茎叶鲜重、冠根比呈极显著负相关,商品率分别与茎叶鲜重、根鲜重、商品薯块鲜重、商品薯块个数、单商品薯块鲜重、单株结薯数呈极显著正相关,与冠根比呈极显著负相关;3万株/hm²产量最低,7.5万株/hm²次之,4.5万株/hm²产量最高,5.25万株/hm²产量次之,商品率虽然随密度增加有逐渐下降趋势,但在4.5万~5.25万株/hm²密度水平下也能达到90%以上;不同氮磷钾配比均极显著影响产量和商品率,N:P:K=1:1:2配比下产量和商品率均最高,N:P:K=0.8:0.8:2配比次之。通过2年的试验研究表明,甘薯种植密度为4.5万株/hm²~5.25万株/hm²,氮磷钾配比为N(0.8-1):P(0.8-1):K(2)时,产量最高,达到22611.41 kg/hm²~22933.57 kg/hm²,商品率达到90.40%~92.30%,因此在此密度和氮磷钾肥料配比下,甘薯能获得较高的产量和较好的商品率。     

氮磷钾肥优化配施对冬小麦产量与养分吸收利用的影响

为探究氮磷钾肥优化配施对冬小麦产量、养分吸收和积累以及利用特性的关系,推动高产高效施肥,于2017—2018年在河南省的鹤壁市和焦作市同步开展冬小麦田间试验,分析不施肥(CK)、磷钾肥配施(CF-N)、氮钾肥配施(CF-P)、氮磷肥配施(CF-K)、氮磷钾肥优化配施(CF)、控释尿素与普通尿素1:1配施(CRU)和农民习惯施肥(FP)对冬小麦产量、地上部养分积累和吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,CF能显著提高冬小麦产量,其两地产量平均值分别较CK和FP提高30.27%和6.50%;与FP相比,焦作市CF的氮、磷、钾素积累量分别提高20.69%、1.03%和23.16%,鹤壁市则分别提高9.99%、3.27%和13.88%;两地CF氮、磷、钾肥利用率较CRU分别平均提高9.57、7.17和9.83个百分点,农学效率分别平均提高0.85、2.20和2.25个百分点。综上,采用氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为240、105、90 kg/hm²,并按照基肥与拔节肥1:1配施的CF处理可显著提高冬小麦产量及养分吸收利用效率。     

Phosphorus Redistribution in Maize Plants, Zea mays L., in Relation to the Nitrogen Supply

The influence of different nutrition regimes on phosphorus (P) redistribution in maize plants, cv. LG 11, was studied. Nutrient solutions in four combinations of high and low nitrate concentrations and high and low phosphate concentrations were used to grow four different groups of plants. During the development of the plants dry weights and total P contents were measured. It was concluded that P redistribution into reproductive organs was dependent on N supply and was a consequence of N redistribution. The ratio of N and P concentrations was not equal in several parts of the plant, and was not constant during the development. In different parts of a young plant the ratio increased. As soon as redistribution of N and P started the N/P ratio decreased. The minimum N/P ratio of a mature maize plant was about 3 for leaves and 1 or 2 for roots and stems.     

化肥减量下氮磷钾肥施用时期对加工番茄产量、品质及养分吸收的影响

本文研究了氮磷肥减施20%条件下,氮磷钾肥施用时期对加工番茄生长与营养状况的影响,以期为加工番茄化肥减施增效提供技术支撑。试验设5个处理,即：(1)NPK对照(CK):PK肥全部基施,全生育期追施N肥;(2)T1:NP肥减量20%,PK肥全部基施,全生育期追施N肥;(3)T2:NP肥减量20%,花期前追施NP肥,花期后追施NK肥;(4)T3:NP肥减量20%,花期前追施NK肥,花期后追施NP肥;(5)T4:NP减量20%,全生育期追施NPK肥。结果表明：各处理对加工番茄的品质没有显著差异。与对照处理相比,T2、T4处理在加工番茄的生物量、产量以及NPK的吸收量均没有达到显著差异,T2处理更优于T4处理。与CK处理相比,T1、T3处理产量分别下降11、19 t/hm²;生物量下降1.6、2.13 t/hm²;N素吸收量减少49.43、60.0 kg/hm²,P素吸收量减少8.47、12.37 kg/hm²,K素吸收量减少40.93、50.01 kg/hm²,均达到显著差异,T1处...     

大麦长期肥料效率和土壤养分平衡

基于19年田间定位试验, 通过测定氮、磷、钾肥不同配施处理下, 大麦地上部生物量、产量及籽粒和秸秆中各养分含量, 研究了大麦生长期土壤和环境养分供应状况、肥料效率和土壤养分表观平衡。结果表明, 不施肥条件下, 平均每年大麦可从土壤和环境中吸收氮、磷和钾素44.5、10.7和52.5 kghm^-2; 大麦籽粒中氮、磷、钾含量平均为17.3、3.48和4.18 gkg^-1, 秸秆中为4.85、0.64和17.5 gkg^-1。所吸收的氮素和磷素分别有75.7%和83.5%被转运至籽粒中, 但钾的转运率仅为18.8%。大麦生产单位籽粒所需的氮素和钾素相当, 约为吸磷量的5~6倍。每生产1000 kg籽粒, 需要吸收氮素22.3 kg、磷素4.0 kg和钾素20.5 kg。19年平均氮、磷和钾肥的表观利用率分别为29.0%、12.8%和71.8%, 累积回收率为75.3%、63.6%和203.2%。在氮磷钾平衡施肥条件下, 每年土壤氮素和磷素可盈余18.4 kg hm^-2和6.9 kghm^-2, 但是土壤钾素平均每年亏缺43.8 kg hm^-2; 这种基础养分供给处理可维持每年大麦产量2350 kghm^-2左右。     

机械化种植对木薯产量和土壤肥力的影响研究

为探讨机械化种植对木薯产量和土壤肥力的影响,以‘新选048’、‘华南5号’和‘华南205’3个已在生产上大面积推广应用的木薯品种为材料,分别采用机械化种植与人工种植2种不同种植方式,对木薯产量及土壤肥力状况进行研究。结果表明：与人工种植相比,机械化种植土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及木薯产量均明显增加,其中‘新选048’土壤速效N、P、K及有机质含量分别增加了7.23%、6.27%、16.76%、4.46%,‘华南5号’分别增加了11.09%、32.58%、21.80%、3.73%,‘华南205’分别增加了9.21%、14.28%、16.80%、5.21%;‘新选048’、‘华南5号’和‘华南205’3个木薯品种块根产量分别增加了14.02%、5.86%和16.70%。可见,机械化种植对改善土壤肥力,促进木薯生长发育,提高木薯产量起到积极的作用,应该在木薯生产中推广应用。在木薯机械生产种植上,‘新选048’和‘华南205’这2个木薯品种增产效果很明显,是值得广泛推广的品种。