日粮中添加酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能的影响

选用 12 0 0羽刚出壳的樱桃谷肉鸭 ,依性别随机分为 2组 ,每组设 4个重复 (每个重复 15 0羽鸭 ,公母各半 ) ,一组为对照组 ,饲喂基础日粮 ,另一组为试验组 ,在基础日粮中添加 0 .1%华芬 15 11型肉鸭用复合酶。试验结果表明 :华芬 15 11型肉鸭用复合酶可以极显著地提高樱桃谷肉鸭的日增重 (P <0 .0 1) ,0～ 4 5日龄日增重提高 7.4 4 % ;能显著提高饲料利用率 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,0～ 4 5日龄饲料效率提高 7.38% ;能获取较好的经济效益 (提高毛利润 4 7.5 4 % )。     

日粮中添加酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭

选用1 200羽刚出壳的樱桃谷肉鸭,依性别随机分为 2组,每组设4个重复(每个重复150羽鸭,公母各半),一组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,另一组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加0.1%华芬1511型肉鸭用复合酶.试验结果表明华芬1511型肉鸭用复合酶可以极显著地提高樱桃谷肉鸭的日增重(P<0.01),0～45日龄日增重提高7.44%;能显著提高饲料利用率(P<0.05),0～45日龄饲料效率提高7.38%;能获取较好的经济效益(提高毛利润47.54%).     

玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加酶制剂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

选用 1 80 0羽 0日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭 ,依性别随机分为 3组 ,每组设 4个重复 (每个重复 1 5 0羽鸭 ,公母各半 ) , 组为对照组 ,饲喂基础日粮 , 组和 组为试验组 ,在基础日粮中分别添加 0 .1 %的肉鸭酶制剂 HF-1 5 1 1 A和 HF-1 5 1 1 B。试验结果表明 :肉鸭酶制剂 HF-1 5 1 1 A和 HF-1 5 1 1 B可显著地提高樱桃谷肉鸭的日增重 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,改善樱桃谷肉鸭的饲料转化率 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ,提高经济效益 ;樱桃谷肉鸭的增重和饲料转化率 ,试验组间差异不明显 ( P>0 .0 5 )     

肉鸭日粮中添加双乙酸钠的效果研究

选用 1日龄健康樱桃谷肉鸭 6 0 0只 ,随机分为 3组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 5 0只肉鸭 ,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计。A组饲喂基础日粮 ,B组、C组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加 0 2 %、0 4 %的双乙酸钠。试验结果表明 :日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重、瘦肉率有显著影响 (P <0 0 5 ) ;对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响 (P <0 0 1) ;对肉鸭的成活率和屠宰率、皮脂率无显著影响 (P >0 0 5 )。B组日增重比A组提高了 8 6 5 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,比C组提高了 5 4 5 %(P >0 0 5 ) ;B组料肉比较A组降低了 11 5 2 % (P <0 0 1) ,较C组降低了 3 2 9% (P <0 0 5 ) ;B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利 1 0 4元和 1 0 6元     

杂粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究杂粕型饲粮添加不同复合酶制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能、消化酶活性及血清生化指标的影响.264只健康1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复22只鸭.1组饲喂玉米-杂粕型基础饲粮,2组在基础饲粮中添加酶1(由聚糖酶、甘露聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶组成)100 mg/kg,3组在基础饲粮中添加酶2(由聚...     

纤维素、木聚糖复合酶对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能的影响

研究的目的是探索纤维素、木聚糖复合酶对肉鸭生长性能的影响。选用180只1日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为两组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复30只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组为试验组,在基础日粮中添加了纤维素、木聚糖复合酶(添加量为150g/t)。试验分2个阶段进行,第一阶段为小鸭(1～10日龄),第二阶段为生长鸭(11～42日龄)。试验结果表明:添加复合酶可提高肉鸭的生长性能。第一阶段,添加复合酶可显著提高小鸭阶段的增重(P0.05),耗料增重比降低(P0.05);第二阶段,添加复合酶可使鸭的增重提高3.50%,耗料增重比降低4.61%。试验组的增重和采食量均高于对照组,分别提高4.45%和1.50%,耗料增重比低于对照组,降低2.88%,但差异不显著(P0.05);试验组的成活率高于对照组,差异不显著(P0.05)。     

微生态制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能的影响

通过在樱桃谷肉鸭日粮中添加不同种类的微生态制剂,研究微生态制剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能的影响。将400羽10日龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分为A、B、C、D、E共5个组,每组4个重复,每个重复20羽。其中E组为基础日粮对照组,D组为抗生素对照组,A、B和C组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加50 mg/kg芽孢杆菌混合物微生态制剂,1 000 mg/kg芽孢杆菌、寡糖混合物微生态制剂,以及1 000 mg/kg芽孢杆菌、粪链球菌混合物微生态制剂,试验期33 d。结果表明:C组的日均增重极显著高于2个对照组(P<0.01),存活率显著高于基础日粮对照E组;A、B、C三个试验组料重比与基础日粮对照E组相比,分别降低4.4%、10.6%和13.3%。结果提示,微生态制剂可提高樱桃谷肉鸭的生长性能,提高了樱桃谷肉鸭整齐度,提高饲料利用率,降低饲料成本。     

杂粕型日粮中添加酶制剂对肉鸭生产性能的影响

本研究用营养充足的玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮分别添加5种复合酶制剂(500g/t饲料,)与不添加酶组进行对比试验。共设6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复50只樱桃谷肉鸭。在9、21和42日龄检测肉鸭的日增重和采食量,考察肉鸭的生产性能。结果表明:在玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮中添加酶制剂可以不同程度的提高0～9和0～21日龄肉鸭ADG,改善幅度分别为1.21%～4.25%和1.13%～4.50%。在给肉鸭饲以玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮中添加酶制剂时,从改善生产性能的效应来看,在生长前期的添加更重要。与添加单一酶相比,以复合酶的效应最好。对饲以玉米-豆粕-杂粕日粮的肉鸭,在生长前期,以复合酶3改善生产性能的效应最优。在生长后期和全期,以复合酶1改善生产性能的效应最优。     

在复合酶中添加β-甘露聚糖酶对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能的影响

研究在高含量棕榈粕-椰子粕日粮中添加复合酶的基础上补充β-甘露聚糖酶对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能的影响。选择1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭1515羽,随机分为5个组,每组设3个重复,每个重复101羽。对照组为玉米-豆粕-棕榈粕-椰子粕型基础日粮,试验Ⅰ～Ⅳ组为在基础日粮中添加150g/t复合酶FE806G,并分别添加7.5×104、1.5×105、3.0×105和6.0×105IU/tβ-甘露聚糖酶。试验分为前期(1～14日龄)和后期(14～46日龄),共46d。结果表明:在高含量榈粕-椰子粕日粮添加复合酶FE806G的基础上补充β-甘露聚糖酶提高了樱桃谷肉鸭14日龄和46日龄体增重(P0.05),除试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组后期平均日增重外,添加β-甘露聚糖酶的各组樱桃谷肉鸭各阶段平均日增重和前期平均日采食量均高于对照组,而试验各组后期和全期平均日采食量均低于对照组(P0.05),前期、后期和全期料重比也都低于对照组(P0.05);试验各组前期、后期和全期存活率均不同程度地高于对照组。综上所述,高含量棕榈粕-椰子粕日粮在添加复合酶FE806G的基础上分别补充7.5×104、1.5×105、3.0×105和6.0×105IU/tβ-甘露聚糖酶均能提高樱桃谷肉鸭的生长性能,而综合考虑添加成本,7.5×104IU/t为适宜添加水平。     

日粮γ-氨基丁酸对肉鸭生产性能及胴体品质的影响

按照体重、性别相近的原则选取1日龄健康樱桃谷SM3型商品肉雏鸭1 600只,配对随机分为2组,每组800只,每组设10个重复,每重复80只。对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮的基础上分别在1～25日龄期间添加120mg/kgγ-氨基丁酸(GABA)预混剂,在26日龄至出栏添加150 mg/kg GABA预混剂,试验时间45d。结果表明:在樱桃谷肉鸭日粮中添加GABA,可以分别提高樱桃谷肉鸭45日龄体重、26～45日龄阶段日增重和1～45日龄的日增重3.12%、7.6%(P<0.05)和3.20%,同时提高试验鸭的采食量和饲料转化率;GABA可以改善樱桃谷肉鸭的胴体品质,分别显著提高二节翅中重6.12%和胸肌重5.5%(P<0.05),明显地降低肉鸭皮油率和腹脂率;试验组和对照组相比,平均每只鸭多盈利0.27元,表现出较好的经济效益。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.