共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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采用水培试验方法,研究不同品种菜心(31号、四九、石排)耐镉(Cd)能力的差异及其机制。结果表明,镉(1、3、6μg/mL)抑制菜心生长,使植株生物产量显著降低。地上部是镉对菜心毒害的主要部位,镉处理后菜心的根/冠比增加。镉处理使不同品种菜心叶片中的镉含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,但不同品种菜心生长受镉影响的程度、叶片中的镉含量、MDA含量及过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性存在明显的基因型差异。镉(3、6μg/mL)处理后,四九菜心的相对生物量、POD活性和CAT活性最高而叶片中镉含量、MDA含量最低;相反,31号菜心的相对生物量、POD活性和CAT活性最低,而叶片中镉含量、MDA含量最高;石排菜心则介于二者之间。这些结果表明,四九菜心是耐镉品种,而31号菜心是对镉较敏感的品种,菜心耐镉性的差异与叶片对镉的积累量及抗氧化酶活性不同有关。 相似文献
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<正> 自从镉被证实是对人类最有害的一种元素,是痛痛病的致病原因以来,镉在作物体内的累积和作物对镉的耐性已成为广泛的研究课题。过去对各种作物影响镉吸收的制约因子的研究虽获得了大量资料(Dage 等1981)。但关于作物种类间镉的累积特征和耐性的系统研究的报道,很少见到。作者曾指出,作物对镉的累积固有特征取决于该作物是属于哪一科的。用分类学的方法可作为了解作物对金属的吸收及其耐性的生物化学机理的基础,同时也可作为对选择恰当的作为监测土壤受重金属污染的供试作物的基础。对供试作物进行组织分析,目前被认为是一种监测手段。 相似文献
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A study on the effect of Pb-Cd interaction on plant growth and on the chemistry of elements in plants was conducted under greenhouse condition with red soil-wetland rice system in different growth stage.The results showed that Pb-Cd interactions on growth and metal uptake varied with different growth stages and chemical compounds added .The plant height and the root weght were markedly affected by Pb-Cd interication in the young stage but not in the ripening stage of rice at the treatments of PbCl2 and CdCl2 added.However,the weight of rice straw in the ripening stage was significantly affected by Pb-Cd interaction with the treatments of Pb(OAc)2 and CdCl2.The chemistry of elements in plants also depended on Pb-Cd interaction in varying degrees on account of different plant parts and growth stage.It seems that Pb-Cd interaction occurred not only in roots but also in other parts of wetland rice. 相似文献
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《农业环境与发展》2021,(4)
腐殖质(HS)是生物体外具备生物学活性的最稳定有机物形式之一。本文综述了HS的化学组成、结构特征和生理活性,依据HS化学组成、结构特征和生理活性的相互关系探讨了HS具有生理活性的内在机制。HS化学组成具有不确定性,超分子结构假设目前被普遍接受。HS通过促进根毛形成和侧根发育、激活质膜H+-ATP酶产生有利的电化学梯度以及自身酸性官能团的螯合作用等促进植物对矿质元素的吸收利用;HS具有类激素活性,植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)分泌物或HS自体组分吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)能够激活细胞质膜H+-ATPase,HS还能够增加内源植物激素水平,促进植物生长发育;HS通过介导信使NO激活细胞质膜H+-ATPase,清除HS与细胞作用产生的活性氧(ROS),HS通过NO和抗氧化酶调节细胞内ROS稳态,介导根系发育和形态结构。本文还着重探讨了HS生理活性与化学组成的相关性,其中官能团—COOH和—OH活性位点的作用、醌基的电子传递,以及HS亲水疏水平衡与HS生理活性密切相关。未来HS研究工作的重点在于深入研究HS分子结构、明确具备生理活性的"共性结构原件"、阐明HS诱导胞内信号传导通路之间的交叉反馈机制、揭示HS对细胞内物质和能量代谢相关基因表达的调节机制。 相似文献
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镉和铅在2种典型土壤中的吸附及其与温度的关系 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用批平衡法研究我国2种典型土壤对镉和铅的吸附特性及其与温度的关系,运用热力学参数△G°、△H°和△S°解释土壤镉和铅的吸附机理,并对镉和铅在复合共存情况下的吸附特性进行讨论.结果表明,镉和铅在土壤中的吸附过程表现出明显的非线性,镉和铅的吸附分别符合Freundlich模型和Lang-muir模型.壤土对镉和铅的最大吸附量和最大缓冲容量均大于红壤的.镉和铅复合共存时,2种重金属的吸附均受到抑制;温度升高时,镉和铅对彼此的抑制作用有所减弱.吉布斯自由能变△G°为负值表明镉和铅吸附反应为自发反应;△H°为正值衰明土壤对镉和铅的吸附为吸热反应.单一存在时,镉在填土和红壤中的主要作用力分别为氢键和范德华力;而铅在壤土和红壤中的主要作用力均为范德华力.复合共存时,镉和铅的主要作用力发生改变. 相似文献
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长江三角洲地区典型土壤对镉的吸附及其与有机质、pH和温度的关系 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:23
土壤重金属吸附-解吸反应影响重金属的迁移性、生物有效性和潜在毒性,研究土壤重金属的吸附-解吸过程及其机制对土壤污染评价、修复及环境容量预测至关重要。本文研究了长江三角洲地区四种典型土壤对Cd的吸附行为及有机质、pH和温度对土壤Cd吸附的影响,并运用热力学参数K°、ΔG°、ΔH°和ΔS°解释了土壤镉的吸附机制。研究结果表明,在本实验条件下,四种典型土壤镉吸附反应均很好地符合Fre-undlich模型。土壤镉吸附Kf值大小为:滩潮土(石质淡色潮湿雏形土)(238.8dm3kg-1)>乌黄土(底潜铁聚水耕人为土)(115.4dm3kg-1)>青紫泥(普通潜育水耕人为土)(54.40dm3kg-1)>黄泥砂土(铁聚潜育水耕人为土)(10.74dm3kg-1),滩潮土镉吸附Kf是黄泥砂土的24倍。土壤镉吸附量随溶液初始pH和土壤pH升高而增大;去除有机质后的土壤对镉的吸附量降低。吸附反应热力学表明,K°和ΔS°随温度升高而增大,ΔG°随温度升高而降低。ΔG°为负值表明镉吸附反应为自发反应,ΔH°为正值表明土壤镉吸附为吸热反应。 相似文献
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‘Lvbao-701’ is a cultivar of Chinese flowering cabbage(Brassica parachinensis) that exhibits low cadmium(Cd) accumulation and high Cd tolerance.In this study, this cultivar was compared with a high-Cd accumulating cultivar, ‘Chixin-4’, to characterize the mechanisms influencing Cd accumulation in B. parachinensis. Root cell walls were isolated by dissolving the cytoplasm with an organic solvent, and root Cd and phytochelatin(PC) contents were analyzed. In addition, a PC synthase gene fragment was cloned and expressed under Cd stress conditions. The proportions of Cd bound to root cell walls were higher in the ‘Lvbao-701’ plants(68.32%–76.80%) than in the ‘Chixin-4’ plants(35.36%–54.18%) after exposure to Cd stress. The proportions of Cd bound to root cell walls measured using cell walls isolated with a non-destructive method were higher than those obtained using a conventional method that required grinding and centrifugation. Exposure to Cd stress induced the PC production and resulted in higher PC contents in the ‘Lvbao-701’ plants than in the ‘Chixin-4’ plants. Cloning and expression analysis of a B. parachinensis PC synthase cDNA fragment indicated that PC synthase gene expression was induced by Cd and occurred mainly in the roots of both ‘Lvbao-701’ and ‘Chixin-4’ plants. However, the PC synthase gene expression level was higher in the‘Lvbao-701’ roots than in the ‘Chixin-4’ roots. Therefore, a higher abundance of Cd in the root cell walls of ‘Lvbao-701’ and up-regulated PC production in the roots are probably the main reasons why ‘Lvbao-701’ exhibits lower Cd translocation to the shoots and higher tolerance to Cd than ‘Chixin-4’. 相似文献
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低温胁迫下内源ABA、GA及比值对白菜型和
甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性的响应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为阐明低温胁迫下激素含量对冬油菜枯叶期的调控和对抗寒性的响应,为冬油菜抗寒性研究提供依据,以8份不同抗寒等级的白菜型和甘蓝型冬油菜为材料,利用盆栽试验,待幼苗长至5~6片真叶时在人工气候箱中进行低温处理(25℃、10℃、2℃、?5℃),分析低温胁迫后冬油菜内源ABA、GA含量和叶绿素的变化。回归分析表明温度与ABA含量存在显著的负相关,回归方程符合y=?ax+b,随着温度的降低,内源ABA含量呈先缓慢(10℃)后迅速上升(2℃、?5℃)的趋势,且温度处理间、温度与品种互作间差异极显著;由于激素间的拮抗作用GA含量变化则恰好相反。当在0℃以上低温时,品种间ABA含量无明显差异,当温度降到?5℃,白菜型冬油菜ABA含量明显高于甘蓝型,抗寒性强的品种高于抗寒性弱的品种。ABA含量的升高导致叶绿素含量的变化,随着温度降低,叶绿素含量呈先降低后增加的趋势,但总体呈下降趋势,且白菜型冬油菜和甘蓝型冬油菜之间存在不同的响应机制,这种作用使白菜型冬油菜叶绿素含量低于甘蓝型冬油菜,导致白菜型冬油菜枯叶期提前,提早进入越冬期,增加了对低温冻害的御性和避性。因此,随着温度的降低冬油菜叶片ABA含量上升,叶绿素降解,白菜型冬油菜更早进入枯叶期,枯叶期较早和降温后ABA含量高是白菜型冬油菜抗寒性较强的主要原因。 相似文献
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小白菜镉耐性形成的生理生化机理研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
以50μmol/L Cd胁迫培养13个品种的小白菜,通过形态指标和生理生化指标的测定,探讨其Cd耐性形成的生理生化应答机制。结果表明:Cd胁迫下,供试材料生长和生理生化代谢均不同程度受到抑制,但与其茎叶Cd累积量无直接关系,且不同品种小白菜对Cd耐性不同。对供试材料Cd耐性指数(Tolerance index,TI)分析表明,基于植株干物质累积的耐性指数(TI-P)与基于茎叶生长的耐性指数(TI-S)极显著相关(R2=0.686),而前者与基于根系生长的耐性指数(TI-R)的显著相关(R2=0.349)。可见,以基于茎叶生长的耐性指数比基于根系生长的更能反映小白菜的Cd耐性。Cd胁迫条件下,供试材料体内脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都有不同程度的提高。Cd胁迫下,各品种叶片脯氨酸增量、SOD活性增量均与供试小白菜Cd耐性正相关,二者可作为供试材料Cd耐性的生化指标。 相似文献
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《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):118-127
Abstract Phytoremediation is a good technique for removing cadmium (Cd) from farmland soils. To remove Cd from these soils effectively, it is necessary for Cd ions to be transported to the shoot organs for later harvest. However, the mechanism of Cd translocation to shoot organs via xylem vessels has not yet been elucidated. We selected oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.) and established a method to collect xylem exudates from these plants. After 3 days of Cd treatment (10 µmol L?1 and 30 µmol L?1) the Cd concentrations in the xylem exudates were approximately 6.5 µmol L?1 and 16 µmol L?1, respectively. The detection of Cd in the xylem exudate indicated that Cd was moving to shoot organs via xylem vessels. The effect of these Cd treatments on the amino acid, organic acid and protein composition of xylem exudates from oilseed rape plants was investigated. The level of amino acids and organic acids detected was enough to bind Cd transported via the xylem. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that proteins with molecular weights of 36 kDa and 45 kDa clearly increased in the exudates with Cd treatment. The possibility that these compounds are binding Cd in the xylem exudates was discussed. 相似文献
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油菜对Cd的吸收转运不仅受外源S供应的影响,且与自身S代谢关系非常密切。硫苷是影响油菜品质的重要含S次级代谢产物,而油菜籽粒硫苷含量能较好地表征油菜的硫苷特性。为了解油菜硫苷特性与油菜吸收积累Cd之间的关联,通过Cd污染土壤的大田试验,研究了不同硫苷特性甘蓝型油菜的Cd吸收积累特性。结果表明,初花期高、低硫苷油菜不同器官间Cd含量皆为根叶茎,成熟期皆为茎根壳籽粒。初花期高硫苷与低硫苷油菜对Cd的吸收积累无显著差异;而成熟期高硫苷油菜对Cd的吸收积累显著低于低硫苷油菜,高硫苷油菜成熟期根、茎、壳、籽粒Cd含量分别为3.90 mg?kg?1、4.50 mg?kg?1、0.97 mg?kg?1、0.17 mg?kg?1,低硫苷油菜则分别为4.57 mg?kg?1、5.20 mg?kg?1、1.32 mg?kg?1、0.29 mg?kg?1,比高硫苷油菜分别高17.18%(P0.05)、15.56%(P0.05)、36.08%(P0.05)、70.59%(P0.05)。成熟期高硫苷油菜壳/茎、籽粒/壳Cd转运系数分别为0.22和0.17,而低硫苷油菜分别为0.25和0.23,比高硫苷油菜分别高13.64%(P0.05)和35.29%(P0.05)。高硫苷油菜显著抑制了Cd从茎向其上位器官(壳、籽粒)的转运。研究结果还表明,低硫苷油菜与高硫苷油菜对污染土壤Cd的单季净化率分别仅为0.90%和0.76%,作为修复Cd污染土壤的富集植物,其净化效率皆有待提高。 相似文献
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外源ABA提高甘蓝型油菜抗镉胁迫能力和氮素生理利用效率 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Yanqun ZU Li QIN Fangdong ZHAN Jiong WU Yuan LI Jianjun CHEN Jixiu WANG Wenyou HU 《土壤圈》2020,30(4):457-465
The cadmium(Cd)pollution of farmland soil is serious in the world.The present study investigated the effects of intercropping Vicia faba and the hyperaccumulator Sonchus asper on the Cd accumulation and root responses(morphology and secreted organic acids)of plants grown on soil from a mining area in Yunnan Province,China,under different Cd stress levels(0,50,100,and 200 mg kg-1).Intercropping increased the biomass of both S.asper and V.faba,as well as the Cd accumulation and Cd trans... 相似文献