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1.
In June 1995, a disease causing round to irregular-shaped, water-soaked, brown to blackish brown spots on mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea Benth.) was found in Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The symptoms were seen only on leaves, not on neither flower
petals or stems. The disease was also found in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Memambetsu-cho, Hokkaido and Shimoda-shi and Matsuzaki-cho,
Shizuoka. An Alternaria sp. was frequently isolated from these diseased plants. The isolates were severely pathogenic to mealycup sage and caused
lesions on the inoculated leaves. The isolates were also weakly pathogenic on scarlet sage (S. splendens Sellow ex Roem. and Schult.) but not on any other Labiatae plants tested. Based on morphological characteristics, such as
size of conidia, chain number, and the short beak on conidia, the causal fungus was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. This report is the first on a mealycup sage disease caused by A. alternata. Because the symptom was restricted to the leaf, the common name of Alternaria leaf spot was proposed.
Received 30 August 2002/ Accepted in revised form 18 November 2002 相似文献
2.
Satoshi Taba Ayano Takara Kanami Nasu Nao Miyahira Tetsuya Takushi Zen-ichi Moromizato 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):160-162
An outbreak of black mottle and dieback on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.; Lamiaceae) was recorded in a greenhouse in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan during 2004. The causal agent was identified as
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler based on morphological characters and growth temperature. This report is the first of Alternaria leaf spot
of basil caused by A. alternata. 相似文献
3.
Manjunath Hubballi Sevugapperumal Nakkeeran Thiruvengadam Raguchander Lingan Rajendran Perumal Renukadevi Ramasamy Samiyappan 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(4):284-286
A severe outbreak of leaf blight was observed in noni crop for the first time in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka states of India
during 2008–2009. Based on pathogenicity, morphology and ribosomal DNA spacer sequences, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. This report is the first of Alternaria leaf blight of noni. 相似文献
4.
Hüseyin Basım Esin Basım Derya Baki Muntala Abdulai Nurhan Öztürk Recep Balkic 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(1):73-90
A new dagger nematode, Xiphinema tica n. sp., is described and illustrated from several populations extracted from soil associated with several crops and wild plants in Costa Rica. The new dagger nematode is characterised by a moderate body size (3276–4240 μm), a rounded lip region, ca 13.5 μm wide, separated from body contour by a shallow depression, amphidial fovea large, stirrup-shaped, a moderately long odontostyle ca 135 μm long, stylet guiding ring located at ca 122 μm from anterior end, vulva almost equatorial (50–54%), well-developed Z-organ, with heavy muscularised wall containing in the most of specimens observed two moderately refractive inclusions variable in shape (from round to star-shaped), with uterine spines and crystalloid bodies; female tail short, dorsally convex-conoid, with rounded end and a small peg, with a c’ ratio ca 0.8, bearing two or three pairs of caudal pores and male absent. The unique and novel uterine differentiation based on the coexistence of a well-developed Z-organ mixed with uterine spines and crystalloid bodies in Xiphinema prompted us to update and include this combination of characters in the polytomous key of Loof and Luc (1990). Integrative diagnosis was completed with molecular data obtained, using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, ITS1-rDNA, partial 18S–rDNA and the partial mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (coxI). The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other Xiphinema spp. indicated that X. tica n. sp. was monophyletic to the other species from the morphospecies Group 4, Xiphinema oleae. 相似文献
5.
A smut-like disease was found on the leaves of Sagittaria latifolia in Japan. Spore balls collected from the leaves of S. latifolia and S. trifolia var. edulis were used to cross-inoculate leaves of pathogen-free plants of the two species to identify the pathogen. Spots and swellings
formed on leaves of the two species 10 days after inoculation. These symptoms were quite similar to those of the leaf smut
disease of S. trifolia var. edulis caused by Doassansia horiana, and the spore balls were characteristic of the fungus. Therefore, the authors conclude that D. horiana caused leaf smut disease on S. latifolia.
Received 18 January 2000/ Accepted in revised form 14 May 2000 相似文献
6.
An improved high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the detection and quantitation of host-specific
AA-toxin produced byAlternaria alternata, a water hyacinth pathogen. Precolumn derivatization of the toxin witho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) plus mercaptoethanol yielded highly fluorescent products showing well resolved peaks on reverse-phase
HPLC. The minimum amounts of AA-toxins detectable by this method were approximately 1 ng. This method seems to offer advantages
over conventional techniques, because prechromatographic derivatization of the toxin with OPA is rapid and easy, and fluorescent
derivatives permit excellent detection sensitivity. Toxin production in culture filtrates and spore-germinated fluids of the
pathogen were analyzed quantitatively using this procedure.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 16, 2002. 相似文献
7.
8.
Shima Bagherabadi Doustmorad Zafari Yousef Moradi Amirabad Joyce H. C. Woudenberg 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(6):398-401
Drimia maritima (squill) is a historically important medicinal plant. During the spring of 2016, small, yellow leaf spots, which became brown and finally necrotic, were observed on squill plants in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces in Iran. A fungus was consistently isolated from infected leaves and identified as Alternaria alternata based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Pathogenicity tests confirmed A. alternata to be the causal agent of the newly observed leaf spot disease. This is the first report of leaf spot on D. maritima caused by A. alternata in the world. 相似文献
9.
Chandan Kumar Maiti Surjit Sen Amal Kanti Paul Krishnendu Acharya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(5):377-378
Leaf blight disease was found on Gloriosa superba L. (Liliaceae), an endangered, herbaceous, perennial, climbing lily that produces colchicine, in West Bengal, India in 2004.
Small brownish spots on leaves developed into concentric rings, which eventually darkened and coalesced to blight the entire
leaf. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. This is the first record of A. alternata on G. superba. 相似文献
10.
In May 1998 and 1999, two types of leaf spot (black type and brown type) caused by Phoma spp. were found on Farfugium japonicum in Tokyo and in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The fungus isolated from black-type lesions caused only black-type lesions, and the fungus from brown-type lesions caused only brown-type lesions. We propose to name these diseases black leaf spot of F. japonicum (kokuhan-byo in Japanese) for the disease with black lesions and circular leaf spot of F. japonicum (rinmon-byo in Japanese) for the disease with brown lesions. This is the first report on leaf diseases of F. japonicum caused by Phoma spp. 相似文献
11.
Yoshiaki Harimoto Takayoshi Tanaka Motoichiro Kodama Mikihiro Yamamoto Hiroshi Otani Takashi Tsuge 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(3):222-229
The apple pathotype of Alternaria alternata produces the cyclic depsipeptide AM-toxin and causes Alternaria blotch of apple. Previously, we cloned AMT2 from the apple pathotype as an orthologue of AFTS1, which is required for biosynthesis of the decatrienoic acid ester AF-toxin I of the strawberry pathotype. These genes were
predicted to encode aldo-keto reductases involved in biosynthesis of a common precursor, 2-hydroxy-isovaleric acid, of AF-toxin
I and AM-toxin. In this study, we analyzed the function of AMT2 in AM-toxin biosynthesis in the apple pathotype. DNA gel blot analysis of the apple pathotype strain IFO8984 with five restriction
enzymes suggested that this strain has a single copy of AMT2 in the genome. However, gene disruption experiments showed that IFO8984 probably has three copies of AMT2. We made mutants having one or two copies of AMT2 disrupted. The single-copy mutants produced less AM-toxin than did the wild type and were still as pathogenic as the wild
type. The two-copy mutants produced trace or undetectable amounts of AM-toxin and were markedly reduced in pathogenicity.
Thus, AMT2 was verified to be required for AM-toxin biosynthesis and hence pathogenicity. The fact that the two-copy mutants have a
remaining copy of AMT2 suggests that multiple copies of AMT2 are prerequisite for the pathogen to produce enough AM-toxin for full pathogenicity. 相似文献
12.
Evelyn Aigho?Aremu Tamotsu?Furumai Yasuhiro?Igarashi Yukio?Sato Hajime?Akamatsu Motoichiro?Kodama Hiroshi?Otani
Fistupyrone (FP), a metabolite from Streptomyces sp. TP-A0569, inhibited the in vivo infection of Chinese cabbage seedlings by Alternaria brassicicola. To detect the possible action sites of FP, the effect of FP on the infection behavior of A. brassicicola and A. alternata was investigated. When spores of A. brassicicola were suspended in FP solution and inoculated on host leaves, FP at 0.1ppm significantly inhibited spore germination, appressorial formation, and infection hypha formation of A. brassicicola. Host-specific AB-toxin production and lesion formation by A. brassicicola spores were also reduced significantly by treatment with FP 1ppm. The effect of FP seemed to be irreversible because significant washing of FP-treated spores with distilled water (DW) did not change the inhibitory effects. In contrast, A. alternata isolates such as Japanese pear pathotype, apple pathotype, and saprophyte behaved almost equally in both FP- and DW-treated spores. Mycelial dry weight in potato dextrose broth and mycelial diameters on potato dextrose agar, gelatin glucose agar, and Czapek solution agar of both A. brassicicola and A. alternata were not different with or without addition of FP. These results indicate that FP at low concentrations has a fungicidal effect on spores of A. brassicicola but not on spores of A. alternata; FP also does not affect the vegetative phase of these fungi. 相似文献
13.
Ahmed A. Kheder Yasunori Akagi Hajime Akamatsu Konomi Yanaga Nitaro Maekawa Hiroshi Otani Takashi Tsuge Motoichiro Kodama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(1):30-38
The tomato pathotype of Alternaria alternata (A. arborescens) produces the dark brown to black pigment melanin, which accumulates in the cell walls of hyphae and conidia. Melanin has
been implicated as a pathogenicity factor in some phytopathogenic fungi. Here, two genes of the tomato pathotype for melanin
biosynthesis, ALM1 and BRM2-1, which encode a polyketide synthetase and a 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene (THN) reductase, respectively, have been cloned and
disrupted in the pathogen. The gene-disrupted mutants, alm1 and brm2-1, had albino and brown phenotypes, respectively. The wild-type and the mutants caused the same necrotic lesions on the leaves
after inoculation with spores. These results suggest that melanin is unlikely to play a direct role in pathogenicity in the
tomato pathotype A. alternata. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the conidia of both mutants have much smoother surfaces in comparison to the
wild-type. The conidia of those mutants were more sensitive to UV light than those of the wild-type, demonstrating that melanin
confers UV tolerance. 相似文献
14.
Megumu Tanahashi Takashi Nakano Hajime Akamatsu Motoichiro Kodama Hiroshi Otani Kumiko Osaki-Oka 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2016,145(4):787-795
A disease caused by Alternaria alternata occurred on the leaves of European pear cultivar Le Lectier in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, and was named black spot of European pear. In conidial inoculation tests, the causal pathogen induced not only small black lesions on the leaves of European pear cultivar Le Lectier, but severe lesions on the leaves of apple cultivar Red Gold, which is susceptible to the A. alternata apple pathotype (previously called A. mali) causing Alternaria blotch of apple. Interestingly, the apple pathotype isolate showed the same pathogenicity as the European pear pathogen. HPLC analysis of the culture filtrates revealed that A. alternata causing black spot of European pear produced AM-toxin I, known as a host-specific toxin of the A. alternata apple pathotype. AM-toxin I induced veinal necrosis on leaves of Le Lectier and General Leclerc cultivars, both susceptible to the European pear pathogen, at 5?×?10?7 M and 10?6 M respectively, but did not affect leaves of resistant cultivars at 10?4 M. PCR analysis with primers that specifically amplify the AM-toxin synthetase gene detected the product of expected size in the pathogen. These results indicate that A. alternata causing black spot of European pear is identical to that causing Alternaria blotch of apple. This is the first report of European pear disease caused by the A. alternata apple pathotype. This study provides a multiplex PCR protocol, which could serve as a useful tool, for the epidemiological survey of these two diseases in European pear and apple orchards. 相似文献
15.
Shigemitsu Kimura Susumu Tokumaru Kazuhiko Kuge 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(4):322-324
Yeast-like fungi were isolated from lesions on azuki bean (cv. Shin-Kyotodainagon) seeds that had been sucked by bean bugs
in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics and sequence data of the internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) regions including the 5.8S rDNA, these yeasts were identified as Eremothecium coryli and E. ashbyi. Pathogenicity of those yeasts was confirmed by a reinoculation test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence
of yeast spot in azuki bean in Japan.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the GeneBank/EMBL/DDBJ database as accessions AB478291–AB478309 for
E. coryli AZC1–19 and AB478310–AB478317 for E. ashbyi AZA1–8. 相似文献
16.
A new disease, found on fan columbine in August of 1997, first appeared as necrotic spots on leaves and within a week caused
wilting of all the leaves. Fungal mycelia bound aerial parts of the plants together, formed mats of mycelia and eventually
killed the plants. The pathogen, isolated from the infected leaves and stalks, was identified as Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB in respect to hyphal anastomosis and culture types. The common name of web blight is proposed for this new occurrence
on fan columbine (Kumonosu-byo in Japanese).
Received 24 November 1999/ Accepted in revised form 4 February 2000 相似文献
17.
A new disease of pelargonium (Pelargonium domesticum Bailey), ivy geranium (P. peltatum (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait.) and scented geranium (P. graveolens L'Hér.), primarily causing brown spots on leaves, was found in Kawasaki-shi in Kanagawa Prefecture and Tachikawa-shi in Tokyo.
An Alternaria sp. was consistently isolated from these diseased leaves, and the isolates were pathogenic to their host leaves. Based on
morphological characteristics, the causal fungus in all three cases was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Because Alternaria leaf spot of geranium by A. alternata has already been reported, the pathogenicity of isolates from four groups of genus Pelargonium was investigated. The isolates from scented geranium were pathogenic only to their original host, but the isolates from pelargonium,
ivy geranium and geranium were pathogenic to all groups of pelargonium. This is the first report of this disease on pelargonium,
ivy geranium and scented geranium caused by A. alternata in Japan. We propose the names for these diseases as Alternaria leaf spot of pelargonium (kappan-byo), Alternaria leaf spot
of ivy geranium (kappan-byo) and Alternaria leaf spot of scented geranium (kappan-byo).
Received 11 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 19 July 2001 相似文献
18.
19.
Naruto FURUYA Teruyuki MASUNAGA Abu Ashraf KHAN Kazuhiro IIYAMA Masaru MATSUMOTO Nobuaki MATSUYAMA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(4):316-322
A new bacterial disease of Russell prairie gentian (Eustoma grandiflorum) was found in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, in 1997. This disease was characterized by wilting and yellowing of the foliage.
A cross section of the stem of a diseased plant revealed a tan to yellow-brown discoloration of the vascular tissue. A nonfluorescent,
aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium was consistently isolated from infected plants. The bacteriological characteristics of 10
isolates of the bacterium coincided with those of the reference strains of Burkholderia caryophylli that were isolated from carnations. The bacterium, as well as the reference strains, attacked Russell prairie gentian and
carnation after artificial inoculation and reproduced the symptoms similar to those after natural infections. On the basis
of bacteriological characteristics and pathogenicities, the bacterium was identified as B. caryophylli. This is the first report of a disease caused by B. caryophylli on Russell prairie gentian ; therefore, bacterial wilt of Russell prairie gentian is proposed as the name of the disease.
Received 5 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 11 July 2000 相似文献
20.
Previously, we classified Pseudomonas syringae strains into at least three groups (I, II and U) by comparing DNA homology at the hrp cluster and its neighboring regions (Inoue and Takikawa 1999). However, heterogeneous strains remained in the undetermined
group (group U). We further classify group U, using pvs. syringae and coronafaciens as references. Comparison of restriction sites for regions of each pathovar revealed distinct differences. By using probes
from the two pathovars, comparisons of DNA homology at the regions separated two additional distinct groups (III and IV) from
group U. Therefore, P. syringae strains are classified into at least five groups.
Received 4 November 1999/ Accepted in revised form 27 January 2000 相似文献