马尼拉草坪杂草种类名录

随着马尼拉草坪面积的扩展,影响马尼拉草生长和草坪美观的病虫害,杂草也在增加。近年来,全国各地关于草坪病虫害的报道较多,但关于草坪杂草的种类,为害和防治的报道则很少。１９９６年以来,笔者对我区南宁、柳州、桂林等地的马尼拉草坪杂草进行了初步观察和标本采集...     

马尼拉草锈病的综合防治

马尼拉草又名沟叶结缕草,是禾本科结缕草属多年生的草本植物。由于其具有生长快、绿期长、耐践踏等特性,已成为我国绿化草坪的佼佼者。桂林植物园自九十年代初引种、建坪成功以来,现已有马尼拉草坪５６９７．８１ｍ２。但近年来,马尼拉草锈病连续严重发生,发病面积１...     

浙江省冷季型草坪上致病腐霉菌的鉴定

 这些禾草耐寒性较强,在江南一带冬季仍保持正常的绿色,近几年在浙、沪一带作为新建草坪的主要种类,发展极快。     

贵州地区冷季型草坪中杂草的发生特点及综合治理技术

1997－2000年调查了贵州地区冷季型草坪中杂草的种类及危害。定期调查草坪杂草发生消长状况表明,贵州地区冷季型草坪杂草发生了2个高峰期,每个高峰期都有占绝对优势的杂草品种,提出了综合防治措施。     

草坪草抗虫性的研究进展

本文介绍了草坪草对害虫为害的耐害性和抗生性在育种，栽培方面的应用情况，重点介绍了由内生真菌引起的抗虫性及其应用前景。     

冷季型草坪腐霉猝倒和叶腐病的发生规律及防治技术

研究了冷季型草坪腐霉猝倒和叶腐病发生规律和防治技术，结果表明，苗期处于20-30℃、持续高温、-必植（3-5株/cm^2）等条件下最有利于腐霉病菌的侵害；腐霉猝倒和叶腐病发生同草坪播种期关系密切，湿热季节（4月上旬至8月下旬）播种严重受害，雨后积水可导致毁坪，防治该病要改善草坪基因条件，在上年10月下旬至当年3月上旬播种，用25%甲霜灵WP100倍液浸种，适当稀播，发病季节多次喷施甲霜灵或乙磷铝等针对性农药。     

宁夏草坪草病害调查及防治

对宁夏回族自治区草坪草病害进行了初步调查和防治,已经鉴定出10 种病害,均为宁夏草坪草病害新记录种,其中2 种为国内新记录。采用种衣剂和25 % 三唑酮可湿性粉剂防治草坪草病害,3 种不同施药方法的防治效果分别为95.68 % 、88.63 % 和79.98 % 。     

草坪草币斑病研究进展

本文总结了草坪草币斑病在世界范围内的发生分布、危害症状、病原以及病害发生发展规律,介绍了国内外利用草坪草抗病性以及生态防治、生物防治、化学防治等方法预防控制币斑病的研究进展,对我国草坪草币斑病的防控现状及展望进行了讨论。     

秸秆生物反应堆对秋冬茬温室番茄生长特性的影响研究

通过温室内小区试验的方法,研究秸秆生物反应堆对秋冬茬温室番茄生长特性的影响,包括对植株形态、光合特性、品质、产量进行分析。结果表明：秸秆生物反应堆能够有效促进温室番茄植株生长,提高品质。应用秸秆生物反应堆的试验区,番茄的株高和茎粗较对照区平均分别提高8％和10％;番茄果实的蛋白质、可溶性糖、Vc、有机酸含量平均分别提高11％、17％、14％、12％;当土壤水分大于田间持水量的60％～70％时,有利于植株的净光合速率及有机质的形成;应用秸秆生物反应堆的小区,在滴灌条件下,若秋冬茬番茄土壤水分下限控制范围为苗期田间持水量60％～70％θf,开花着果期70％～80％θf,结果期70％～80％θf,能够达到高产、优质、高效的目的。     

黄色粘虫板防治秋冬季白菜黄条跳甲试验

试验结果表明,粘虫板能显著防治黄条跳甲等害虫,避免或减少化学农药的使用,具有较好的社会和生态效益。     

Effect of fungicide treatment on yield of winter wheat and spring barley cultivars

Analyses of the results of 21 winter wheat and 32 spring barley trials showed that cultivars differed significantly in their yield response to a standard fungicide treatment. Responses were also strongly influenced by differences between sites and between years. Regression analyses showed that responses were significantly related to reductions in foliar disease, particularly that of mildew, although the proportion of variance accounted for was small. Measurements made on seven winter wheat trials indicated that the percentage of leaf area remaining green after anthesis was increased by the fungicide treatment to a greater extent than could be attributed to reduction in foliar disease alone. In one of these trials, yield response was more closely correlated with the increase in leaf area remaining green than with reduction in foliar disease.     

Stereoselective degradation of ethofumesate in turfgrass and soil

The stereoselective degradation of ethofumesate in turfgrasses and several agricultural soils was investigated to provide details of the fate of this chiral herbicide. Racemic ethofumesate was either foliar applied to two species of turfgrass or fortified into four types of agricultural soils. (+)- and (−)-Enantiomers were extracted and analyzed by a validated chiral HPLC method which involved extraction of samples with organic solvent followed by separation on cellulose-Tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)-based chiral column and quantification by UV absorbance at 230 nm. Mean recoveries of each enantiomer fortified at 0.5, 5, and 10 μg g⁻¹ ranged from 82.3 ± 5.84 to 92.5 ± 2.87% in turfgrasses and from 86.0 ± 5.09 to 98.1 ± 2.51% in soil. As a measure of this composition, the enantiomeric ratio (ER) was used, defined as the concentration ratio of (+)/(−)-enantiomer. Similarly, preferential degradation of the (−)-enantiomer was observed in both grass species with the largest ER of about 3 and in one of the test soil with ER = 1.65, resulting in residues enriched with (+)-enantiomer. This stereoselective degradation in this soil led to significant difference on half-lives between the two enantiomers. No stereoselective degradation was observed in other soils.     

Effect of seed treatment in preventing transmission of dwarf bunt of winter wheat to new areas

The effectiveness of various fungicide formulations containing carboxin and thiabendazole in eradicating teliospores of Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt) from winter wheat seed was evaluated in the laboratory and the field. In the laboratory tests, the viability of teliospores washed from treated infested seed was greatly reduced as compared to the viability of teliospores washed from untreated infested seed, suggesting that carboxin and thiabendazole were primarily fungicidal. Field tests in two different years were established to determine if teliospores from treated infested seed could infect nearby untreated noninfested seed. Formulations containing carboxin were highly effective in reducing infection of healthy seed. No dwarf bunt infected plants developed in either year from seed treated with ‘Vitaflo 250’. Furthermore, seedborne common bunt caused by Tilletia foetida was nearly eradicated by carboxin-containing formulations in one field test. Carboxin treatment of winter wheat seed infested with dwarf bunt teliospores will greatly reduce the danger of introducing this pathogen into new areas.     

Comparison of techniques to survey populations of cereal aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in winter cereals during autumn and spring with special consideration of sample size

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Cereal aphid populations (Homoptera: Aphididae) in winter wheat and winter barley were evaluated in the autumn and early spring of two subsequent...     

Estimating benzimidazole residues in thatch and turfgrass by bioassay

Bioassays using pellets of agar, thatch-agar and turfgrass-agar were developed using benzimidazole-sensitive Penicillium expansum Link, to detect the fungicide methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (MBC) which is the major fungitoxic degradation product of benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate] in thatch and turfgrass clippings. These bioassays were used to estimate the amount of fungicide that was biologically available and hence, by subtraction from that applied, the amount that remained bound and biologically unavailable. The limit of quantitation was 0·5 mg kg⁻¹. From 19·9% to 93·2% of the applied fungicide was bound by thatch and 46·2% to 56·9% was bound to turfgrass clippings depending on the concentrations used. In-vitro degradation studies showed that MBC had a half life of approximately 2·5 weeks at 23°C in non-sterilized thatch.     

秋播辛硫·甲拌磷土壤处理对麦田白眉野草螟的防治效果

白眉野草螟(Agriphila aeneociliella)是近年来在山东省莱州市、山西省泽州县等地新发现的小麦害虫,严重时可导致麦田缺苗断垄、甚至毁种。本试验在山西泽州县白眉野草螟发生危害的3个镇24个村,针对秋季成虫产卵和幼虫初孵的关键时期,采用辛硫·甲拌磷土壤处理的方法,研究了统一集中防治、农民分散防治两种防治模式,对早春白眉野草螟幼虫种群的控制效果。结果显示,2013年白眉野草螟发生普遍比较严重;2014年统一集中防治田块未见发生危害,而农民分散防治田块仍有一定程度的发生。这表明秋播辛硫·甲拌磷土壤处理防治白眉野草螟过程中,统一防治效果明显好于农民分散防治。