基于八角环传感器的弧形深松铲阻力测试

利用八角环传感器测试原理,对弧形深松铲在耕作过程中所受水平、竖直方向的阻力以及扭矩进行测试分析,研究弧形深松铲在不同耕深、耕速条件下所受阻力的变化情况。试验结果表明:八角环传感器测试系统测得的深松阻力与理论计算值基本相符,测量误差较小且在允许范围内。耕深变化对于阻力影响较大,该试验方法具有较好的可靠性和准确性,所测得的结果为弧形深松铲的进一步优化设计提供数据。     

基于回归拟合的深松耕作阻力测试系统改进设计

了解深松阻力、合理配置深松动力是提高深松作业效率重要环节之一.为此,针对现有普遍使用的深松阻力测量系统因需要通过两台拖拉机串联工作的方式而增加了对测试田块要求和测试系统安装的难度,还会存在应力贴片粘接不牢、数据采集样本不足等问题,提出了通过测定振动系统对深松铲的振动力变化来计算深松阻力的方法.将拉压传感器安装在深松铲受...     

深松机模态试验研究

对深松机模态试验系统进行了研究,测试了深松机单体的模态振型和频率,为进一步优化设计提供了理论基础和试验数据.用很长的柔索加弹簧把深松部件悬吊起来,测定深松部件的质量为105kg,系统自振频率为1.38Hz.通过测量深松机单体的振动特性和分析表明,对所研制的深松机来说,土壤阻力的变化频率与深松机部件的第4阶模态频率比值为2/29～2/34,使深松铲产生竖直方向的自激振动,达到减小土壤阻力的目的.     

振动式深松中耕作业机的研制与试验研究

阐述了配合蓄水保土技术研制的振动式深松中耕作业机的结构关系及工作原理,并对不同工况进行了作业性能以及耕作阻力测试与分析的试验研究.试验结果表明,有振动深松作业时随耕作深度的增加,拖拉机行驶速度减小,深松部件的耕作阻力增大;相同耕深条件下,无振动深松作业的耕作阻力大于有振动深松作业的耕作阻力,振动深松降低了机具牵引阻力,节省了燃油消耗,机具的研制为蓄水保墒提供了可行的作业机具.     

深松铲应变采集系统设计与试验

针对田间大面积作业时深松铲工作状态信息获取困难、现有测试装置结构复杂且操作繁琐等问题,设计一种基于STM32的深松铲应变实时采集系统。对电桥电路、信号放大电路、电源电路进行理论分析和节点参数的计算,开展了等强度梁静态测试试验与深松铲土槽动态测试试验。试验结果表明:系统输出与理论值误差小于2.04%;经T检验分析,测试结果与DH5928信号采集系统输出值不存在显著性差异。该系统工作性能可靠稳定,适合田间大面积作业时深松铲工作状态信息的在线监测、预警和存储,也可为节能研究提供测试手段和数据支持。     

基于SPH法的林地深松刀具仿真及试验

针对现有深松机存在的深松阻力大及优化减阻效果不明显等问题,利用旋转切削原理,设计了一种立式深松刀具。分析确定了刀具深松作业3个工作参数,计算了满足土粒向上升运的刀具最低角速度;基于SPH法,建立刀具切削土壤模型,采用Ls-dyna软件对深松过程进行仿真分析,基于3因素3水平正交试验表模拟出不同情况下的切削阻力,得出切削角对切削阻力的影响最显著及一组最优组合。试验验证仿真结果表明:误差在可接受的范围内,可为后续优化奠定基础。     

深松铲减阻性及耕作阻力影响因素研究——基于LS-DYNA

为研究不同触土曲面深松铲的减阻效果及不同工作参数对深松铲耕作阻力的影响,设计了5种典型准线的深松铲结构,并通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对深松铲切削土壤过程进行了仿真,对比分析了不同结构深松铲切削土壤时所受到的阻力,选择出减阻性能最好的深松铲结构。以优选的深松铲作为研究对象,对入土角、工作速度及工作深度等因素进行单因素试验,研究上述因素对耕作阻力的影响。试验结果表明:仿生变曲率深松铲的减阻性能最好,其耕作阻力最小(601 N);入土角为24°时,深松铲耕作阻力最小;耕作阻力随工作速度和工作深度的增加而增大。该文可为深松铲结构的设计以及工作参数的选择提供一定的技术支持。     

复合形态深松铲耕作阻力有限元分析与试验

以复合形态深松铲为研究对象,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA分析了深松铲在土壤耕作过程中耕深与前进速度对深松耕作阻力的影响,并以圆弧形深松铲为比较对象,分析了复合形态深松铲的减阻效果。为了验证有限元分析方法的可行性,对复合形态深松铲和圆弧形深松铲进行了室内土槽的耕作阻力验证试验。研究结果表明,通过有限元法模拟出的深松铲耕作阻力与室内土槽试验所测定的结果具有相同的变化趋势,利用有限元法可以分析深松铲的工作性能。在深松铲前进速度为4～5 km/h范围内,相对于圆弧形深松铲,用有限元法模拟复合形态深松铲的耕作阻力在耕深为300、350和400 mm时,平均减阻分别为44.07%、43.71%和33.83%。     

弹簧预紧力可调式振动深松机设计与试验

为了减小深松机的耕作阻力和拖拉机的动力消耗,增强深松机对不同类型土壤的适用性,设计了弹簧预紧力可调式自激振动深松机。在机具工作过程中,通过自激振动单元的振动作用,可有效减小深松机的牵引阻力;通过弹簧预紧力调节机构可改变弹簧的预紧力,以适应不同物理特性的土壤,获得理想的深松效果。田间试验表明在保证耕深的前提下,合适的弹簧预紧力可有效减小机具的耕作阻力。为了测试该深松机的减阻性能,设计了2.5、3.2、4.0km/h 3种作业速度和250、300、350mm 3种深松深度,进行了两因素三水平的全因素试验,试验结果表明：在不同作业速度与深松深度下,与非振动深松机相比,该深松机均能有效减小牵引阻力,减阻比为10.30%~22.65%;对不同作业速度和深松深度下的振动深松牵引阻力和非振动牵引阻力进行了方差分析。结果表明作业速度、耕作深度和机具类型对深公机工作阻力均有显著性影响,在不同作业速度下,由于自激振动单元的减阻作用,随着耕作深度的增加,振动深松牵引阻力增加速度小于非振动深松。     

基于EDEM离散元法的深松铲仿真与试验研究

为验证采用离散元法分析深松铲工作过程的可靠性和有效性,本文应用EDEM离散元分析软件研究深松铲的工作过程和耕作阻力,分析不同工作速度、不同耕作深度、不同入土角度条件下深松铲的工作情况;进行深松铲田间试验,并将仿真结果与试验结果进行分析比较。结果表明,仿真分析结果与试验测试结果的变化趋势基本一致,耕作阻力随着工作速度和耕作深度的增大而增大,随着入土角度的增大而减小;数值结果误差在5%~15%之间。证明采用离散元法分析深松铲在土壤中工作过程的可行性。该研究结果为进一步研究农机触土部件的减阻耐磨和优化设计提供参考。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。