聚乳酸/羟基乙酸磁性微球的制备及其姜黄素负载

以聚乳酸/羟基乙酸(PLGA)共聚物为药物装载材料、油酸改性的四氧化三铁(Fe₃O₄@OA)纳米颗粒为磁性功能材料，制备姜黄素/PLGA磁性微球，考察了乳化方法、高速均质速度、水油相体积比、PLGA用量、水相聚乙烯醇(PVA)质量分数、Fe₃O₄@OA用量和姜黄素用量对磁性微球粒径的影响，并通过光学显微镜、激光粒度仪、紫外分光光度计、振动样品磁强计、热重分析仪等对其形貌及理化性能进行分析。研究结果显示：姜黄素/PLGA磁性微球的最佳制备工艺为选用搅拌-均质两步乳化法、高速均质15 000 r/min、水油相体积比10∶1、PLGA用量100 mg、水相PVA质量分数1%、Fe₃O₄@OA用量40 mg和姜黄素用量40 mg,此条件下制备的微球表面光滑，粒径较均一，多分散性指数(PDI)为0.38,平均粒径为3.60μm,微球的磁感应强度为14.12(A·m²)/kg,含磁量约为27.98%。载药微球的包封率为97.09%,载药率为6....     

相反转乳化法制备萜烯酯型环氧树脂乳液的研究

以自制的聚乙二醇改性萜烯酯型环氧树脂(TP)为乳化剂,采用相反转法乳化萜烯酯型环氧树脂制备了环氧树脂水乳液,分析了乳化过程中体系电导率变化与微观形态转变的关系,讨论了乳化剂质量分数、乳化温度、搅拌速度、乳液固含量等条件对乳液粒子体积平均粒径(D[4,3])及粒径分布一致性、黏度、离心稳定性、环氧值及环氧保留率等乳液性质的影响.实验结果表明,该环氧树脂乳液的最佳制备条件为:TP质量分数16.7%,乳化温度60℃,机械搅拌速度500-900 r/min,固含量约45%.在该条件下制备的乳液性质最好,乳液粒子体积平均粒径约200 nm,粒径分布100-440 nm,黏度850 mPa·s,环氧值0.11 mol/100 g.     

美藤果籽粕多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性测定

采用超声波辅助乙醇法提取美藤果籽粕多酚,通过单因素和正交试验法确定了美藤果籽粕多酚的较佳提取条件。结果显示,较佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数80%、料液比1∶10、提取时间40 min和提取次数3次,在此条件下,美藤果籽粕多酚含量为0.623 mg/g。采用DPPH自由基清除活性测定方法评价了美藤果籽粕多酚的抗氧化活性,其清除DPPH自由基的SC50值为159.303μg/m L。     

漆酚基乳化剂(UE8)的制备及性能研究

由漆酚(U)、环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成活性中间体--漆酚基缩水甘油醚(UDE),再由UDE与聚乙二醇800 (PEG 800)合成漆酚基乳化剂(UE8).用红外光谱对UE8的结构进行表征,用吊片法测定UE8水溶液的表面张力.结果表明,UE8显著降低了水溶液的表面张力,不同条件下合成的UE8临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.6～7.9 g/L,达到临界胶束浓度时的表面张力(25 ℃)为36.4～41.2 mN/m.UE8与 5% PVA-124溶液按一定比例复配后,可制备稳定的水包油(O/W)型生漆乳液,制得的生漆乳液粒子的尺寸小于 1 μm.     

羧甲基纤维素/蜜胺树脂相变纳米储能材料的制备与表征

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)改性的蜜胺树脂作为壁材,以石蜡为芯材,采用原位聚合法,制备CMC改性的蜜胺树脂相变纳米胶囊。采用FTIR、DSC、SEM及光学显微镜等现代分析仪器对产物的性能进行分析和表征,探讨乳化剂种类和芯材乳液制备转速对胶囊制备过程的影响。结果表明,采用复配乳化剂制备的相变胶囊的性能要优于使用单一乳化剂制备的相变胶囊;当制备芯材乳液的转速为8 000 r/min时,芯材乳液的性能最好;所制得的相变胶囊为球形、平均粒径约为50 nm,且包裹完全、粒径均匀,相变焓为81.87 J/g。     

杨梅叶中杨梅素的提取及抗氧化性研究

以杨梅叶为原料,茶皂素为提取强化剂,采用超声波辅助提取工艺,在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验优化了杨梅素的提取工艺,并考察了杨梅素的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:杨梅素提取的最佳工艺条件为液料比15∶1(mL∶g),乙醇体积分数80%,提取温度70℃,提取时间50 min,表面活性剂茶皂素用量为原料质量的0.3%,在此条件下提取得率最高可达1.33%。当质量浓度为3.0 mg/L时,杨梅素对DPPH·的清除率最高可达到52.11%,IC₅₀值为2.670 mg/L,此时V_C的清除率为56.49%,IC₅₀值为2.363 mg/L;质量浓度为120 mg/L的杨梅素对·OH清除率最高达到64.21%,此时V_C的清除率为72.11%,杨梅素和V_C对·OH的IC₅₀值分别为91.139和61.483 mg/L;可以看出,杨梅素具有较好的抗氧化能力,但整体效果略低于V_C。     

含钙微胶囊粉末光皮树油的制备及其性能

光皮树是一种高产的木本油料树种,其树油的不饱和脂肪酸含量高,具有很高的应用价值。利用微胶囊技术制备微胶囊粉末光皮树油,研究了不同质量配比的硬脂酰乳酸钙和甜菜碱复配乳化剂对光皮树油微胶囊化效率和载油量的影响,确定了喷雾干燥技术制备微胶囊粉末光皮树油产品的工艺条件。结果表明:当硬脂酰乳酸钙/甜菜碱质量比为2/3时复配乳化剂乳化光皮树油形成的乳液不分层,具有较好的乳化稳定性,粒径大小为16.37μm,且喷雾干燥制备的微胶囊粉末光皮树油产品颗粒均匀、细腻、干燥。经扫描电镜观察,以该乳化剂质量比例制备的微胶囊粉末光皮树油颗粒外形较圆整,大小分布较均匀,表面光滑,含水量为4.28%,对光皮树油具有较好的包埋效果,其包埋率及载油量分别为91.2%和28.0%,硬脂酰乳酸钙/甜菜碱(质量比为2/3)这一复配组合的乳化剂是制备高包埋率及高载油量微胶囊粉末光皮树油的理想乳化剂。制备的微胶囊可同时补能和补钙,对于提高微胶囊油脂粉品质具有极为重要的意义。     

漆脂基脂肪粉的制备工艺及性质研究

以漆脂为芯材,采用不同种类的壁材进行复配,并通过喷雾干燥制备漆脂基脂肪粉,以乳化能力和包埋率为指标,通过单因素试验优化了漆脂基脂肪粉的制备工艺:壁材为麦芽糊精/大豆分离蛋白(4∶1,质量比,下同),乳化剂为蔗糖脂肪酸酯/单硬脂酸甘油酯(8∶2),乳化剂添加量为3.5%(以芯壁总质量计,下同),阿拉伯胶添加量为2.5%,壁芯质量比为2∶1,乳液含总固形物30%,在此条件下制得的乳液的乳化能力为94.2%,漆脂脂肪粉的包埋率为83.46%。红外光谱分析表明漆脂脂肪粉的包埋结构初步形成; GC-MS检测发现乳化和喷雾干燥对漆脂主要脂肪酸组成基本没有影响,漆脂脂肪粉含有68.329%的棕榈酸、19.245%的油酸和8.673%的硬脂酸;扫描电镜和粒径分析显示漆脂脂肪粉呈球形,分布较为均匀,粒径主要分布在1～5μm;加速氧化储藏试验表明经过微囊化包埋处理30天后,漆脂的过氧化值(67.8 mmol/kg)明显高于漆脂脂肪粉(27.2 mmol/kg),说明微胶囊包埋能够有效减缓漆脂的氧化酸败。     

TiO2@SiO2-脱木素木材的制备及其耐光性增强

【目的】在二氧化钛（TiO₂）颗粒表面包覆光惰性物质二氧化硅（SiO₂）,制备出具有抑制纳米TiO₂固有的光催化活性、仍保留其原有的紫外屏蔽、可见光透明特性、具有核壳结构、单分散、小尺寸纳米TiO₂@SiO₂,用于抑制脱木素木材（DW）中残留木质素的光老化,制备耐光型TiO₂@SiO₂-脱木素木材（TiO₂@SiO₂-DW）,以提高DW基功能材料的耐光性,延长其使用寿命、木材高值化及碳达峰、碳中和,为经典、普适液-固-液（LSS）法制备的单分散、脂肪酸保护的其他小尺寸纳米颗粒表面的SiO₂包覆、改性及功能化提供可行方案。【方法】采用LSS法制备单分散、尺寸约8 nm、表面吸附油酸分子、分散在环己烷中、锐钛矿相纳米TiO₂;反向微乳液法在TiO₂纳米颗粒表面包覆SiO₂,制备出单分散、粒径约12 nm、分散...     

姜黄素纳米混悬剂的制备及其表征

为了提高姜黄素的水溶性,采用高压均质法制备姜黄素纳米混悬剂,优化了姜黄素纳米混悬剂的制备工艺。利用红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对姜黄素纳米混悬剂进行了理化性质和化学结构的分析。结果表明:当均质压力100 MPa,循环次数30次时,姜黄素纳米混悬剂的平均粒径为(171.00±8.56)nm,一致性系数为(0.69±0.05);IR、UV、XRD、TEM和HPLC分析表明,姜黄素纳米混悬剂冻干粉的化学结构未见明显改变,姜黄素纳米粒子为不规则的球状晶体,结晶度显著降低。姜黄素纳米混悬剂冻干粉在水中的溶解度达62.85 mg/L,比姜黄素原粉提高了90.48倍;姜黄素纳米混悬剂冻干粉体外溶出速率也明显提高,120 min时溶出度已达80%。研究表明高压均质法适用于姜黄素纳米混悬剂的制备。     

离心喷雾法制备橡胶籽油ω-3脂肪酸微胶囊的工艺研究

采用尿素包合法富集的橡胶籽油ω-3脂肪酸易氧化劣变,为防止产生氧化劣变,以单甘酯:蔗糖酯=1:5为乳化剂,大豆分离蛋白质、酪朊酸钠、麦芽糊精混合物为壁材,采用离心喷雾法制备橡胶籽油ω-3脂肪酸微胶囊,最佳工艺条件为:大豆分离蛋白质、酪朊酸钠和麦芽糊精之比为1:1:1.5,固形物浓度为20%(W/V)的溶液,进料速度20 mL/min,进风温度为160℃,出风温度为80℃。该工艺条件下制备的微胶囊ω-3脂肪酸包埋率达到93.8%,抗氧化性提高4.9倍。     

O/W型山苍子精油微乳的制备及其性能研究

通过加水法制备山苍子精油微乳,单因素试验考察了不同的表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(K_m)以及制备温度对山苍子精油微乳形成的影响,再通过正交试验,得到水包油(O/W)型山苍子精油微乳的最佳制备条件为:曲拉通X-100(Triton X-100)为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,K_m值为1,制备温度为25℃。以最佳制备条件中混合表面活性剂与山苍子精油的质量比为9∶1,含水率为70%制得标样1,微乳的平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)、电导率和pH值分别为13.43 nm、 0.125、 83 mS/m和5.82。对标样1进行性能测试分析,发现其在1 000～4 000 r/min的速率下进行离心时,微乳外观无变化,可证明其离心稳定性较好;在标样1和精油中加入等量的亚甲基蓝水溶液,亚甲基蓝水溶液在标样1中的扩散速度显著快于在精油中的,可证明微乳的水溶性显著优于精油;在缓释12 h后,微乳中缓释的柠檬醛含量显著少于精油中缓释的,说明微乳的缓释性优于精油;在10～30 g/L的质量浓度范围内,山苍子精油微乳液标样1比精油表...     

亚临界流体萃取油茶籽油的抗氧化活性研究

分析亚临界萃取油茶籽油、市售精炼油茶籽油和压榨毛油中多酚含量差异,对比不同工艺油茶籽油对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH.)清除、葵花籽油自氧化过程中过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸值的影响。结果表明,亚临界油茶籽油、市售精炼油茶籽油和压榨毛油中多酚质量分数分别为6.26、1.70和8.33 mg/g;亚临界油茶籽油的DPPH.半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)为15.39 g/L(VE0.02 g/L),与压榨毛油相当,而明显低于市售精炼油茶籽油(21.66 g/L),表明亚临界油茶籽油和压榨毛油含有较多的酚类物质,同时亚临界油茶籽油抑制葵花籽油贮藏过程中过氧化值和硫代巴比妥酸值的能力强于压榨毛油和市售精炼油茶籽油。亚临界流体萃取油茶籽油有利于维持茶油产品的的抗氧化能力,在油茶籽油的加工过程中,亚临界萃取工艺在茶油产品生产上具有优越性。     

中国野漆树与日本野漆树油脂成分差异性分析

漆树科(Anacandiaceae)资源丰富,约60属600种.据不完全统计,我国现有漆树群体5亿多株,能结籽的有1亿多株.目前,漆树研究大多是以生产生漆的漆树类为对象,对野漆树(Toxicodendron succedaneum)研究较少,而漆蜡(油)用途广泛,在化妆品、防水剂、涂料、粘接剂、润滑剂、电子摄影调色剂、水果保鲜剂及蜡纺印花等轻化电子产业中有巨大的潜力(王成章,2001;唐丽等,2010).     

南北产区不同品种漆树种仁含油率及漆油成分分析

为给漆油的研究和开发利用提供理论依据,以不同产区不同品种漆树果实(以下简称漆籽)为试材,利用索氏提取法和气相色谱-质谱联用法,测定了漆籽种仁的含油率和漆油脂肪酸成分。结果表明:(1)南北漆树产区4个不同品种漆树种仁含油率分别为20.04%、21.03%、16.03%、15.07%,差异显著,且南方产区漆树种仁含油率高于北方产区;(2)南方产区漆油中脂肪酸成分至少有20种,其中主要脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸含量(测定到的脂肪酸含量)的97.95%以上(含97.95%);北方产区漆油中脂肪酸成分至少有21种,其中主要脂肪酸含量占总脂肪酸含量(测定到的脂肪酸含量)的97.28%以上(含97.28%);(3)南北漆树产区不同品种的漆油在主要不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的构成上,存在较大差别。4个不同品种漆油中不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸含量百分比在78.26%~83.00%之间,最大差值为4.7%。(4)二十三烷酸和十五烷酸等2种脂肪酸在南北产区漆油之间存在质的差别。     

巨龙竹种子、小穗外植体愈伤组织的诱导培养

通过对巨龙竹种子和小穗两种外植体愈伤组织初导培养基和增生培养基的筛选及防褐化处理试验,结果表明,巨龙竹种子和小穗初导培养基最优组合为3/4 MS 3 mg/L 2,4-D 0.3 mg/L KT 25 g/L,MS 3 mg/L2,4-D 0.3 mg/L KT 25 g/L;其种子和小穗的增生培养基最优组合分别为MS (3~5 mg/L)2,4-D 0.3mg/L KT、MS 3 mg/L 2,4-D 0.3 mg/L KT;在特定培养条件下,对褐变有一定程度的控制。     

Influence of duration of storage at room temperature,pre-sowing seed treatment and fruit colour harvest index on germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha curcas</Emphasis> L.

Jatropha curcas L. is being promoted by governments for greening marginal areas for rural development and biodiesel production in sub-Saharan Africa, however large gaps in knowledge on its agronomy and yield potential exist. The effect of duration of storage at room temperature, pre-sowing seed treatment of Jatropha seed and fruit colour harvest index on germination and seedling growth parameters was investigated. There was a significant negative correlation between the duration of storage of Jatropha seed and seed oil content (P < 0.001, r = ?0.99), viability (P < 0.01, r = ?0.93), percent germination (P < 0.05, r = ?0.90) and germination index (P < 0.05, r = ?0.89). The relationship between duration of seed storage and seed oil content and seed germination parameters was best described by quadratic and exponential functions which showed rapid declines in seed oil content and germination parameters in the first 3 years of storage and a slower decline between 3 and 8 years of storage. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of storage and seedling height (P < 0.01, r = ?0.97), stem diameter (P < 0.01, r = ?0.93) and dry weight (P < 0.05, r = 0.91) that was best described by quadratic functions. Seed oil content was significantly and positively correlated to seed viability (P < 0.01, r = 0.96), germination per cent (P < 0.01, r = 0.94) and germination index (P < 0.01, r = 0.93). The relationship between seed oil content and seed germination parameters was best described by exponential functions which showed an exponential increase in seed germination parameters as oil content increased above 30% and smaller increases below 30% oil content. Progressive peroxidation of lipids as seed aged explains the loss of oil from the seed. Peroxidation of lipids produced highly reactive radicals that damaged membranes and proteins reducing seed germination and seedling growth parameters as seed aged. Pre-sowing seed treatments (seed soaking and scarification) produced marginal gains in germination and seedling growth parameters in Jatropha seed stored for 3 months to 8 years. Seeds harvested at the yellow fruit maturity index, 60 days after anthesis (DAA), showed the highest seed germination percent while seed harvested at the black fruit maturity index, 75 DAA, had the highest oil content. Harvesting of Jatropha seed for oil expression is therefore recommended at the black maturity index while harvesting for seed is recommended at the yellow maturity stage. The results of this study indicate that Jatropha seed should be stored for as short a period of time as possible to maximize seed germination, seedling growth and oil yield.     

超声法提取薏苡仁油的工艺研究

采用超声波法提取薏苡仁油,对其中的影响因素提取溶剂、药材粒径、提取时间、提取温度、料液比等进行系统研究。结果表明：将薏苡仁药材粉碎至粒径60目,按料液比1∶3．5加入无水乙醇为提取溶剂,在60℃温度下提取40 min ,所得提取率最高为11．8％。该提取工艺具有提取时间短,效率高,节省溶剂的特点。     

Variability in permeability and integrity of cell membrane and depletion of food reserves in neem （Azadirachta indica） seeds from trees of different age classes

We quantified cell membrane permeability(electrical conductivityEC,water soluble sugar-WSS,and amino acids-AA)and integrity(phospholipids,α-tocopherol and lipid peroxidation)along with food reserve deterioration(total proteins,total sugar,and total starch)of neem seeds collected from various mother tree age classes and stored for 65days in airtight plastic containers at ambient room temperature(35±5°C).Results show that the activities were higher in fresh seeds(EC267.56-2950.01μS/g,WSS 19.96-19.48 mg/g and AA 5.40-5.35 mg/g)and declined with increasing duration of storage period(EC153.37-195.17μS/g,WSS 3.13-4.17 mg/g and AA 4.29-4.49 mg/g after35 days and EC 144.02-161.56μS/g,WSS 2.06-2.40 mg/g and AA3.98-4.27 mg/g after 65 days of storage).Phospholipids andα-tocopherol were higher in fresh seed(0.073-0.093 OD at 710 nm and0.080-0.105 OD,respectively)and declined as storage duration increased(0.033-0.042 OD at 710 nm and 00.0010-0.0020 OD,respectively).Dead seeds showed reduced amounts of phospholipids and minimum activity ofα-tocopherol(antioxidants).The level of MDA was lower in fresh seeds(0.0066-0.0087 OD at 600-535 nm)and increased as storage duration increased(0.0248-0.0268 OD after 65 days of storage).The higher amount of MDA indicated that seeds died due to rancidity of the oil inside the seed.Neem seed cake was assessed for deterioration of food reserves(total proteins,total sugar,and total starch),concentrations of which were higher in fresh seed and declined as storage duration increased.Germination was higher in fresh seeds and after 65days,no germination was received perhaps due to deterioration of biochemicals in seeds.Patterns of seed deterioration were similar across all seed lots.