大口径毛细管气相色谱法测定多种有机磷农药在柑桔上的残留

本采用ＨＰ１７０１大口径毛细管柱为分离柱，测定了柑桔中７种有机磷农药残留量；比较了常用的７种有机磷农药在柑桔生长不同时期的残留情况。本法对７种有机磷农药的回收率范围为８３．５％￣１０６．４％，变异系数为３．０％￣７．８％，最低检测浓度为０．０１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

基质固相分散萃取-气相色谱法同时检测人参中五氯硝基苯及其代谢物残留

采用基质固相分散萃取-气相色谱（MsPD—Gc）技术,建立了人参中五氯硝基苯（PcNB）及其代谢物五氯苯胺（PcA）和甲基五氯苯基硫醚（PcTA）残留的多残留分析方法。将人参样品与弗罗里硅土（m/m,1：2）充分研磨5min后装入10mL玻璃注射器内,通过正己烷：丙酮（V／V,5：5）混合溶液洗脱实现了人参中五氯硝基苯及其代谢物的同时提取和净化。结果表明,应用该方法测定人参中五氯硝基苯、五氯苯胺及甲基五氯苯基硫醚,回收率为89．41％～104．42％,相对标准偏差为3．73％-7．43％,五氯硝基苯及其代谢物的方法检出限均小于2ug·kg^-1。     

分散液相微萃取测定苹果中灭线磷马拉硫磷和毒死蜱残留

采用液液分散微萃取与气相色谱-火焰光度检测器联用技术,提出了可用于苹果中有机磷农药残留检测的一种快速、灵敏的新方法,并通过试验对提取条件进行了优化。结果表明,该方法成功地应用到苹果样本的检测。在优化的条件下最低检出限从1.32-3.58μg.mL^-1,相对标准偏差为11.06%-15.39%,分析标准曲线采用五点法（浓度从0.5-20μg.mL^-1）来绘制,线性的变化从0.977 3-0.997 6。为了评价样本的基质效应,用有机磷农药从3个不同浓度水平对样本进行添加,回收率从64.0%-89.0%,并且没有发现基质效应。液液分散微萃取不仅操作简便而且有机溶剂使用量极少,是一种顺应时代要求的环境友好型萃取方法。     

基质效应对瓜类蔬菜中有机磷农药残留测定的影响研究

采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)进行检测,比较8种有机磷农药在7种瓜类蔬菜中的基质效应,用丙酮标准曲线、基质匹配标准曲线和黄瓜基质标准曲线对测定值分别进行校准。结果表明,8种有机磷农药在7种瓜类蔬菜中均有不同程度的基质效应,基质效应的强弱与瓜类蔬菜的品种和农药的官能团有关;基质匹配校准法能够减少基质效应对定量的影响,其中黄瓜可以作为瓜类蔬菜的通用基质。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定有机肥料中13种抗生素残留

建立了同时测定有机肥料中磺胺类、四环素类和喹诺酮类13种抗生素残留的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,并对样品的前处理方法、仪器分析参数进行了优化。结果表明,13种抗生素在50~1 000 ng/mL间线性关系良好,相关系数均达到0.999以上,检出限在0.02~0.04 mg/kg,样品加标回收率在69%~111%之间,具有良好的重现性。该方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高等优点,可用于有机肥料中13种抗生素残留的同时检测。运用该方法在有机肥料实际检测中发现恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、土霉素等抗生素残留。     

气相色谱法同时测定草莓中7种农药多残留的方法探讨

探索建立了利用气相色谱法检测草莓中百菌清、三唑酮、甲氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯7种农药残留的方法。样品经乙腈提取,弗罗里矽柱净化,用气相色谱仪电子捕获检测器测定,在其他检测条件不变的情况下,从47种柱温程序升温方法中筛选出4种备选的柱温程序升温方法与2种常用的进样口温度进行组合,通过出峰情况最后确定方法是进样口温度250℃,柱温程序升温方法是50℃(1min)40℃/min 100℃(1min)25℃/min 200℃(3min)8℃/min 220℃(3min)8℃/min270℃(40min);该方法同时测定上述7种农药的结果相关系数范围是0.994 6~0.999 8;添加回收率范围在73.4%~110.5%,变异系数范围为1.67%~9.78%;方法检出限范围为0.367μg/kg~4.681μg/kg。改进后的方法能满足日常测定草莓中7种有机氯及拟虫菊酯类农药残留的需求。     

多壁碳纳米管分散固相萃取结合UPLC-MS/MS测定鸡蛋中4种抗病毒药物残留

建立以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为吸附剂,分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(DSPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定鸡蛋中4种抗流感病毒药物金刚烷胺、金刚乙胺、美金刚、奥司他韦的残留。样品经1%乙酸乙腈/水(9/1,v/v)提取,MWCNTs分散净化,以0.1%甲酸水和甲醇为流动相,经Agilent SB-Aq色谱柱分离,采用正离子多反应监测模式,内标法定量。结果表明,在优化的流动相梯度条件下,具有同分异构的金刚乙胺和美金刚可有效分离;4种药物在0.1~10μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.992 9。在0.5~5μg/kg浓度范围内的3个添加水平,4种药物在鸡蛋中的回收率在92.2%~106.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.1%~6.3%,定量限为0.5μg/kg。结果说明该方法具有良好的准确度、精密度和灵敏度,适用于鸡蛋样品中4种抗流感病毒药物残留的测定。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定土壤中毒死蜱和阿特拉津

应用带TSD检测器的气相色谱仪、CP—SIL19弹性石英毛细管柱,采用固相萃取技术提取土壤中毒死蜱和阿特拉津,对土壤中的毒死蜱和阿特拉津同时测定,回收率分别为81．5％～116．7％、80．3％～118．2％,方法的变异系数1．1％～4．8％和0．9％～5．3％,方法检出限分别为阿特拉津0．0006mg·kg^-1、毒...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定有机肥料中9种抗生素药物残留

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS),同时测定有机肥料中3类9种抗生素(土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素、青霉素G和普鲁卡因青霉素、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺噻唑)残留,对于有机肥料中抗生素残留的快速检测具有重要的意义。样品用Na2EDTA-Mc Ilvaine缓冲液超声振荡提取后,采用固相萃取小柱净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,标准曲线外标法定量。采用多反应监测模式检测,除负离子扫描青霉素G外其他均用正离子扫描。方法在0.1、0.5、1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,样品平均回收率为63.1%~93.4%;相对标准偏差为1.7%~9.5%;四环素类药物的方法检出限均可达到0.05 mg/kg,磺胺类和青霉素类药物的检出限可达0.02 mg/kg。本方法简便、快速,重现性良好,可用于有机肥料样品中抗生素残留的快速确证检测。     

液液萃取-气相色谱法测定发酵液中的有机酸与乙醇

嗜热菌降解纤维素是第二代燃料乙醇发展的重要方向。测定发酵液中乙醇和有机酸组成的变化,对发酵过程控制具有重要意义。该文以正丙醇为内标,建立了发酵液中乙醇、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的气相色谱检测方法。该方法为:发酵液调节pH值、与内标混合、添加氯化钠至饱和、乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相进气相色谱检测。该方法下几种化合物的检出限范围为10~45 mg/L,低、中和高3个水平的加标回收率范围为80.65%~107.94%,相对标准偏差范围为1.71%~4.98%,该方法能用于纤维素菌群降解体系有机酸与乙醇的检测。该文还测算了20℃时乙醇、正丙醇、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸在乙酸乙酯和饱和氯化钠溶液中的分配系数,其值分别为0.28、1.64、1.37、2.51和3.29。该检测方法还可以推广应用于其他水相体系中有机酸和乙醇的检测,如废水厌氧消化液中挥发性脂肪酸的检测以及发酵醪中乙醇的检测。     

Determination of morantel-related residues in bovine milk by electron capture gas chromatography

A gas chromatographic assay was developed to determine major residues of morantel in bovine milk over a range that is suitable for monitoring residues of the drug. The method is based on hydrolysis of the N-methyl-tetrahydropyrimidine portion of morantel and its metabolites to N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, and converting the diamine to an N,N-bis-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl) derivative. The addition of an internal standard, the N-desmethyl-N-ethyl homolog of pyrantel, to the milk sample circumvents any potential problem that could arise from variable reaction yields, and eliminates the true recovery as a factor affecting the accuracy and precision of the procedure. The concentrations of the derivatives are determined by pulsed electron capture gas chromatography over a linear dynamic range that is equivalent to 12.5-50 ppb morantel. The method was evaluated at the 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppb levels in fortified bovine milk, and in a withdrawal sample containing physiologically incurred morantel residues. Mean values of 14 +/- 1.7, 24 +/- 3.7, and 47 +/- 6.9 were found for the fortified samples, approximately 3 ppb for control milk, and 16 +/- 1.7 ppb for the withdrawal sample.     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fruit juices by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography

A rapid multiresidue method was developed for the determination of nine organophosphorus pesticides in fruit juices. The analytical procedure is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) of juice samples on Florisil in small glass columns and subsequent extraction with ethyl acetate assisted by sonication. Residue levels were determined by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Spiked blank samples were used as standards to counteract the matrix effect observed in the chromatographic determination. The NPD response for all pesticides was linear in the concentration range studied with determination coefficients >0.999. Average recoveries obtained for all of the pesticides in the different juices and fortification levels were >70% with relative standard deviations of <11%. The detection limits ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 microg/kg. The identity of the pesticides was confirmed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection using selected ion monitoring. The proposed MSPD method was applied to determine pesticide residue levels in fruit juices sold in Spanish supermarkets. At least one pesticide was found in most of the samples, although the levels detected were very low, far from the maximum residue levels established for raw fruit.     

Determination of trace volatile organic compounds in fish tissues by gas chromatography

Several volatile organic compounds associated with petroleum fuels (mainly alkylated benzenes) were extracted from spiked fish tissue samples with a stream of air, trapped on charcoal, eluted with a solvent, and analyzed by gas chromatography. These volatile compounds are among the most water-soluble components of crude oils and petroleum products, and they have been associated with tainting in fish tissues. Recoveries for these compounds were about 90% when spiked directly either onto traps or into fish tissues although naphthalene desorbed poorly from the charcoal; recoveries of this compound were about 50%. Relative standard deviations (RSD) for most recoveries of spiked samples were in the 2-10% range based on 6 samples analyzed in duplicate. However, when live fish were contaminated experimentally by adding the aromatic compounds to the aquarium water, the RSDs were higher (10-30%).     

浓硫酸纯化-气相色谱法测定土壤中拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了土壤中拟除虫菊酯类农药新的前处理方法。样品以乙腈提取,浓硫酸-乙醇进行纯化,毛细管柱气相色谱法测定土壤中的拟除虫菊酯农药。结果表明:4种菊酯在3种土壤样品中的添加回收率在84.14%～105.51%之间,变异系数为1.24%～5.82%。该方法具有省时、省溶剂、操作简单、纯化效果好、实用性强的特点。     

Multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by accelerated solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography

An analytical procedure using accelerated solvent extraction and capillary gas chromatography with electron capture and flame photometric detections was developed to simultaneously determine residues of different pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Single laboratory validation of the method was carried out for 28 compounds selected from eight pesticide classes, in blank and fortified samples of fresh pear, cantaloupe, white potato, and cabbage. The method had to meet specific established validation criteria for regulatory purposes applicable to our laboratory. At each of the two fortification levels studied, 24 of the 28 pesticides gave recoveries of more than 70% with a coefficient of variation of less than 10%. With respect to existing procedures, the method showed acceptable limits of detection (from 0.0019 to 0.14 microg/g depending on the pesticide and matrix) while minimizing environmental concerns, time, and labor.