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植物根系是植物与土壤进行物质交换的通道,在土壤侵蚀严重、生态脆弱的黄土丘陵区,深入认识根系对土壤物理化学性质的影响具有重要意义。选取了白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)、苔草(Carex lanceolata)、茭蒿(Artemisia leucophylla)、铁杆蒿(Artemisia sacrorum)、狼牙刺(Sophora viciifolia)、柠条(Caragana intermedia)6种植物作为研究对象,取0—10,10—20,20—30,30—40,40—50,50—60 cm土层根系和土样,分析不同土层各物种根长密度、根表面积密度、平均根直径、土壤有机质(SOM)、土壤容重以及各级水稳性团聚体重量百分含量。结果表明:所研究植物根系以细根为主。在0—20 cm土层中,白羊草、苔草根长密度显著大于其余植物(P0.05),表现为苔草白羊草铁杆蒿茭蒿狼牙刺柠条,平均根直径则相反。根系能不同程度地增加SOM含量,SOM含量与根系平均直径和根系表面积密度呈极显著的正相关关系(P0.01)。在土壤剖面上,水稳性团聚体重量百分含量明显减少的是白羊草、苔草和铁杆蒿样地,水稳性团聚体重量百分含量随土层深度变化不明显的是茭蒿、狼牙刺和柠条样地。根表面积、根长密度能够显著增加0.5~2 mm水稳性团聚体重量百分含量(P0.05),说明根系能够使小粒径团粒凝聚成更大粒径的土壤团粒。根系能够提高土壤有机质含量,增加中等粒径团聚体含量,改善土壤结构,提高土壤稳定性,对增加土壤抗蚀性起到重要作用。 相似文献
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农业有机物料是重要的资源,为研究施用不同有机物料对土壤水稳性团聚体分布、稳定性及有机碳的影响,采用对照(CK)、玉米秸秆(Str)、堆肥(C)、牛粪(PM)、沼渣(BgR)、生物炭(BC)6种处理,通过田间7年定位试验,利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体,测定土壤有机碳含量,计算了水稳性团聚体平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)值、分形维数(D)和土壤不稳定团粒指数(E_(LT))。结果表明:与对照相比,5种不同有机物料处理下0~15 cm土层水稳性大团聚体(0.25 mm)含量、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、土壤有机碳含量显著增加(P0.05),分形维数(D)、土壤不稳定团粒指数(E_(LT))显著减小(P0.05),土壤团聚体结构稳定性明显得到增强。土壤有机碳与水稳性大团聚体(0.25mm)含量间呈现出极显著正相关关系(P0.001)。生物炭和秸秆处理的团聚体稳定性变化最为明显,土壤结构改善效果最好,生物炭、沼渣处理最有利于促进土壤有机碳的累积。各处理15~30 cm土层,土壤团聚体及有机碳含量差异不显著(P0.05)。采取施用不同有机物料的方式对耕地进行保育,显著提高了耕作层水稳性大团聚体含量和有机碳含量,增强了团聚体结构稳定性,改善了土壤结构和肥力状况。 相似文献
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沈阳市郊玉米连作土壤有机质组成及其对土壤结构的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对沈阳市郊玉米连作土壤的有机质、结构情况以及二者相互关系研究表明,土壤中有机质大致范围在16.31gkg-1~23.72gkg-1,腐殖质大致范围在15.17gkg-1~21.49gkg-1,非腐殖质大致范围在1.14gkg-1~2.59gkg-1;在腐殖质各组分中,胡敏素的含量最高,约占腐殖质总量的58.93%~66.34%,胡敏酸约占16.26%~22.87%,富里酸约占16.82%~18.20%,胡富比约在0.95~1.32之间;干筛处理后>0.25mm的土壤团聚体占到80%以上,其中以>2mm团聚体为主,湿筛处理后>0.25mm的土壤团聚体仅占20%左右,其中0.25~0.5mm团聚体为主,水稳性系数在17.33%~35.67%。对有机质及其各组分与土壤各级团聚体做的相关分析结果表明,有机质与0.25~5mm粒径组的团聚体呈显著相关,与>5mm团聚体不相关,且胡敏酸主要影响1~5mm大团聚体的形成。 相似文献
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植物根系提高土壤水稳性团粒含量的研究 总被引:48,自引:5,他引:48
以长江中上游几种常见的保持林为对象,就植物根系对土壤水稳性团聚体量的影响进行了初步研究,结果表明:林木根系通过径级≤1mm须根的作用,可以提高土壤水稳性团聚体数量,其原因在于死根提供有机质,活根提供分泌物,作为土粒团聚的胶结剂,配合须根的穿插和缠结,促进土粒团聚,使土壤直径>3mm的大粒级水稳性聚体增加,从而增强土壤抗分散,悬浮的能力,并建立了林木根与土壤水稳性团聚体数量增加值的回归模型。 相似文献
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空心村整治不同还田材料对冬小麦越冬前土壤水分的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在进行空心村整治复垦的同时,需添加适当的材料来提高其可耕性,通过研究不同还田材料在冬小麦越冬前的土壤水分含量及剖面储水状况,来选择保水性较好的材料进行空心村整治还田。采用烘干法,分别在无还田材料,有机肥(鸡粪)还田,粉煤灰还田,有机肥+粉煤灰还田四种处理下,在冬小麦的出苗期、三叶期和分蘖期测定土壤剖面105 cm内水分含量,每15 cm测定一次,并计算各个生育期的土壤储水量。结果表明:用不同材料进行空心村整治还田的土壤水分含量不同,在冬小麦越冬前,用有机肥加粉煤灰还田后土壤0—105 cm剖面各土层平均含水量为18.69%,比单独用有机肥还田高出1.72%,比单独用粉煤灰还田高出1.07%,比无还田材料高出2.84%。土壤剖面储水量也以使用有机肥加粉煤灰还田后的为最大,为239.01 mm,高于单独用有机肥的18.17 mm,高于单独用粉煤灰还田处理的18.92 mm,高于无还田材料的26.05 mm。因此,在对空心村进行整治复垦为耕地时,就水分利用及储水保水性而言,用有机肥加粉煤灰进行空心村整治还田处理时土壤水分状况最佳。 相似文献
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【目的】为探究非灌溉季节生物炭施用对滴灌棉田耕层土壤团聚体及碳含量的调控效应,确定滴灌棉田在非灌溉季节的最佳施炭量。【方法】以不施用生物炭(B0)为对照,探究非灌溉季节施用15(B1)、30(B2)、45(B3)和60 t hm-2(B4)生物炭对新疆滴灌棉田耕层(0~40 cm)土壤总碳、有机碳、微生物量碳、土壤呼吸速率、土壤团聚体及其结合态总碳和结合态有机碳的影响。【结果】施用生物炭处理与对照处理相比土壤总碳、团聚体结合态总碳和土壤呼吸速率随生物炭用量的增加而增加,增幅分别为6.85%~18.14%、6.15%~17.71%和13.52%~53.88%。>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、团聚体结合态有机碳、土壤有机碳和微生物量碳随生物炭用量的增加先增加后减少,增幅分别为11.80%~21.68%、12.64%~57.54、17.58%~55.27%和13.02%~46.96%。通过建立最小数据集计算土壤质量指数得出,土壤质量指数最高(0.4632... 相似文献
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土壤团聚体的数量和质量直接影响着土壤性质和有机碳固存。研究长期不同施肥措施及复垦年限对采煤塌陷区土壤团聚体的重量分布比例及其稳定性的影响,为该区域的农业生产和土壤质量提升提供科学依据。采集复垦6年和11年定位试验不同施肥处理耕层土样,选取不施肥(CK)、平衡施氮磷钾肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、有机无机肥配施(MNPK)4个处理,利用干筛法和湿筛法获得4种粒径的团聚体/粉黏粒组分(> 2 mm、0.25-2 mm、0.053-0.25 mm和< 0.053 mm),用> 0.25 mm团聚体含量(R0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)和土壤不稳定团粒指数(ELT)表示团聚体的稳定性,并测定了土壤有机碳含量。结果表明:复垦年限对土壤团聚体的含量及稳定性影响产生了显著影响。干筛条件下,复垦6年和11年均显著降低了各处理0.053-0.25 mm团聚体和< 0.053 mm组分的含量,降幅分别为68.39%-87.37%、69.63%-78.32%(6年)和90.01%-93.68%、78.29%-83.93%(11年);湿筛条件下,复垦11年显著提高了各处理> 2 mm团聚体的含量,增幅达473.35%-645.16%,但是显著降低了0.053-0.25 mm团聚体的含量,降幅为43.67%-57.54%。土壤团聚体的稳定性也随着复垦年限的增加而逐渐增强,表现为DR0.25、WR0.25和MWD值呈增加趋势,而PAD和ELT值呈降低趋势。土壤有机碳含量与DR0.25、WR0.25、MWD水稳性呈极显著正相关关系,而它与PAD和ELT呈极显著负相关关系。本研究表明,该区域连续复垦11年提高了土壤大团聚体的含量而伴随着微团聚体含量的显著减少,导致土壤结构越来越稳定。它对提高采煤塌陷区复垦土壤肥力、改善土壤结构效果最佳。 相似文献
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植物残体对土壤结构性状的影响 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
试验研究了有机肥、亚铵造纸制浆黑液(SWUA)和化肥对砂壤质水稻土结构的影响,结果表明,施用有机肥的水稻土孔隙度,水稳性团聚体和持水能力生状显著优于黑液处理和化肥处理,秸杆直接还田最有利于土壤结构改善,土壤毛管孔隙范围内水分最活跃孔径为0.05 ̄0.10mm,其孔径孔隙度与土壤持水能力呈明显线性关系。 相似文献
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耕作对土壤有机物和土壤团聚体稳定性的影响 总被引:25,自引:8,他引:17
Agricultural sustainability relates directly to maintaining or enhancing soil quality. Soil quality studies in Canada during the 1980‘s showed that loss of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil aggregate stability was standard features of non-sustainable land management in agroecosystems. In this study total soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic matter (POM), POM-C as a percentage of total SOC, and aggregate stability were determined for three cultivated fields and three adjacent grassland fields to assess the impact of conventional agricultural management on soil quality. POM was investigated using solid-state ^13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine any qualitative differences that may be attributed to cultivation. Results show a highly significant loss in total SOC, POM and aggregate stability in the cultivated fields as compared to the grassland fields and a significant loss of POM-C as a percentage of total SOC.Integrated results of the NMR spectra of the POM show a loss in carbohydrate-C and an increase in aromatic-C in the cultivated fields, which translates to a loss of biological lability in the organic matter. Conventional cultivation decreased the quantity and quality of SOM and caused a loss in aggregate stability resulting in an overall decline in soil quality. 相似文献
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Asiye Abasian Ahmad Golchin Mohsen Sheklabadi Ali Beheshti Alagha 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(11):1625-1639
Soil organic matter and its components play a key role in the stabilization of soil aggregates. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), hot-water extractable (HWE) and dilute acid extractable (DAE) carbohydrates and CaCO3 in water-stable aggregates in histosols of Shahrekord, Iran. Additionally, correlations between aggregate stability (mean weight diameter (MWD) values) and mentioned characters were also examined. Results showed that at all depths in all 18 profiles, larger aggregates contained more OC, TN and carbohydrate content than the smaller aggregates, whilst CaCO3 had the opposite trend. OC, TN and carbohydrate fractions followed a consistent similar trend by aggregate size. The positive correlation between OC and TN within the aggregates was considerable. OC, TN, carbohydrate fractions and MWD significantly (P < 0.01) decreased with depth. Average concentration of CaCO3 was almost the same in aggregates <4 mm at all depths. We observed very low values of ratios HWE:OC and DAE:OC in the study site. OC, TN and carbohydrate fractions each gave highly or very highly significant correlations with aggregate stability. We obtained significant, but weak negative correlation of CaCO3 with aggregate stability (P = 0.05; r = ?0.23), implying that CaCO3 is a disaggregating agent in these histosols. 相似文献
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严重退化红壤植被恢复后有机质富集和团聚体稳定性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Three types of soils: an eroded barren soil under continuous fallow, an eroded soil transplanted with Lespedeza shrubs (Lespedeza bieolor), and an eroded soil transplanted with camphor tree (Cinnaraomum camphora) were investigated to quantify organic matter pools and aggregates in reforested soils using physical fractionation techniques and to determine aggregate stability in relation to the enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC). Soil organic matter (SOM) was physically fractionalized into free particulate organic matter (fPOM), occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM), and mineralassociated organic matter (mOM). The SOM was concentrated on the surface soil (0 5 cm), with an average C sequestration rate of 20-25 g C m^-2 year^-1 over 14 years. As compared to the eroded barren land, organic C content of fPOM, oPOM, and mOM fractions of the soil under Lespedeza and under camphor tree increased 12-15, 45-54, and 3.1-3.5 times, respectively. A linear relationship was found between aggregate stability and organic C (r^2 = 0.45, P 〈 0.01), oPOM (r^2 = 0.34, P 〈 0.05), and roOM (r^2 = 0.46, P 〈 0.01) of aggregates. The enrichment of organic C improved aggregate stability of the soil under Lespedeza but not that under camphor tree. However, further research is needed on the physical and biological processes involved in the interaction of soil aggregation and SOC sequestration in ecosystem. 相似文献
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3种有机物料对宅基地复垦土壤易变有机碳的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在成都平原宅基地复垦土壤上,以秸秆、菌渣和猪粪3种物料为有机肥料,配施化肥来平衡氮磷钾总用量,分小麦(春)和玉米(夏)两季开展田间试验,研究有机物料对土壤有机碳及易变有机碳的影响。结果表明:(1)3种物料配施化肥处理对复垦土壤TOC含量有提升效果,随土层的加深效果减弱,麦玉两季0—20cm和20—40cm土层提幅分别为0.15~0.26,0.08~0.20g/kg,提升效果为菌渣猪粪秸秆。(2)3种物料配施化肥处理对复垦土壤微生物碳(MBC)含量提升效果最好,并随土层的加深效果增强,麦玉两季0—20cm和20—40cm土层提幅分别为21.42%~54.59%,116.59%~150.12%,提升效果为菌渣猪粪秸秆。(3)3种物料配施化肥处理对土壤易氧化有机碳(POXC)的提升效果居中,并随土层的加深效果减弱,麦玉两季0—20cm和20—40cm土层提幅分别为41.51%~51.90%,18.77%~29.68%,提升效果为菌渣=秸秆猪粪。(4)3种物料配施化肥处理对土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)的提升效果最差,并随土层的加深效果增强,麦玉两季0—20cm和20—40cm土层提幅分别为-1.89%~3.61%,6.77%~17.31%,提升效果为菌渣猪粪秸秆。(5)5种处理在麦—玉轮作下均能增加宅基地复垦土壤TOC、POXC、MBC及DOC的含量,且3种有机物料处理更加显著,单施化肥(CF)和不施肥(CK)对土壤TOC及易变有机碳组分含量有一定的提升效果。(6)宅基地复垦土壤的POXC、DOC和MBC与TOC均呈显著相关(P0.05);POXC、DOC和MBC与土壤养分在0—20cm比20—40cm土层相关性强。据此,在麦—玉轮作下\"菌渣堆肥还田\"处理对于改良宅基地复垦土壤、提高土壤肥力具有较好的效果。 相似文献
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《Land Degradation u0026amp; Development》2017,28(3):1068-1077
The effects of fire and the conversion to vineyard on soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil aggregate size distribution and stability were studied in a forest of Iran. For this purpose, topsoil was sampled in an unburned area, a portion of the forest burned three years earlier, and a vineyard, all three contiguous and showing similar topographic features. In the burned forest, soil was sampled in areas undergone high, moderate, or low severity. Air‐dried soil samples were sieved to obtain four aggregate size classes, which were subsequently wet sieved. Soil aggregate distribution index, mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and aggregate stability index were determined on both dry and wet specimens. No significant differences in SOC between burned and unburned forest were found, most probably because of the supply of charred biomass to soil, while in the vineyard thirty years of cultivation had removed half of initial SOC. Both severe fire and cultivation had decreased the stability of aggregates and the relative amount of the biggest ones (8 to 2‐cm diameter). However, aggregate stability was significantly lower in the vineyard than in the burned forest, which points out to a stronger impact of prolonged cultivation than a single fire, although severe. Cultivation and severe fire had decreased the proportion of C in macroaggregates, to the advantage of meso (1 to 0.25 mm) and micro (<0.25 mm) aggregates. A hierarchical cluster analysis of all investigated properties and indices demonstrated that cultivation and highly severe fire both were causes of soil degradation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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铵、钾同时存在时, 土壤对铵的优先吸附 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.5mm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils. 相似文献
18.
随着蔬菜的规模化与集约化发展,菜田连作障碍日趋严重,合理间套作与秸秆还田对恢复菜田土壤生态环境有很大的潜力。该文基于6a的田间长期定位试验,以西兰花单作为对照,设置西兰花套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆还田-西兰花(B/MR-B)、西兰花套作糯玉米且糯玉米秸秆不还田-西兰花(B/M-B)、西兰花-西兰花(B-B),共3个处理。采用湿筛法探索了套作糯玉米(Zea mays L.sinensis Kulesh)并秸秆还田对连作西兰花(Broccoli)田土壤固碳能力以及土壤水稳定性团聚体分布的影响。结果表明:随着土层的增加,不同处理的水稳定团聚体分布呈粒径逐渐减小、分布范围呈逐渐集中趋势。随着生育时期的推进,幼苗期和花球生长期水稳性团聚体多集中于0.25~0.5 mm与0.25 mm粒径范围;营养生长期多集中于0.5~1 mm与0.25~0.5 mm粒径范围;而秋菜收获期则多分布于0.5~1 mm、0.25~0.5 mm与0.25 mm粒径范围。B-B处理下各个时期0~40 cm土层的粒径0.5~1 mm和0.25~0.5 mm的水稳性团聚体基本呈现低于其他处理,相反B-B处理下的粒径0.25 mm水稳性团聚体均呈现显著高于其他处理。秋季西兰花整个生育期水稳定性大团聚体均表现为B/MR-BB/M-BB-B。B/MR-B处理的土壤有机碳(SOC)含量显著高于其他处理。多元回归分析表明土壤水稳定性大团聚体与土壤有机碳含量在0~10 cm与10~20 cm土层中呈极显著(P0.01)正相关,20~40 cm土层呈显著(P0.05)正相关。综上,套作糯玉米并秸秆还田能有效提高连作西兰花田耕作层土壤水稳定性大团聚体的比例,改善连作导致的土壤理化性状的恶化。 相似文献
19.
为研究水稻秸秆添加对砂姜黑土水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响,探索水稻秸秆腐解过程中外源新碳及原有机碳在不同粒级团聚体中的分配规律,该文通过室内模拟试验,运用δ~(13)C示踪方法,将稳定同位素碳(δ~(13)C)标记的水稻秸秆添加入砂姜黑土,利用湿筛法得到不同培养时期不同粒级的土壤水稳性团聚体,测定不同时期各粒级土壤外源新碳及原有机碳含量。结果表明:未添加水稻秸秆的砂姜黑土(对照组),水稳性微团聚体(250μm)占主体,团聚体有机碳含量低。与对照相比,添加水稻秸秆(试验组)显著促进了2000、2000~250μm粒级水稳性大团聚体的团聚(P0.05);培养到120 d时,2000、2000~250μm水稳性团聚体比对照组分别增加了265.5%、16.0%,促使水稳性大团聚体(250μm)占主体,显著提高了砂姜黑土水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)、几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)、水稳性大团聚体含量(R0.25),降低了分形维数(D)值(P0.05),土壤结构稳定性明显得到改善。试验组各粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著增加,培养到15 d时,2000、2000~250、250~53、53μm粒级团聚体有机碳分别比对照组增加了21.4%、25.4%、34.7%、50.0%,其中微团聚体有机碳增加幅度大于大团聚体的增加幅度。MWD、GMD、R0.25与2000~250、250~53μm粒级团聚体有机碳呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),与2000μm粒级团聚体有机碳呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)、与53μm粒级团聚体有机碳关系不显著。不同粒级团聚体的δ~(13)C值明显增加,动态变化较大,表明外源新碳周转速率较快。外源新碳主要分配在250~53、53μm粒级微团聚体中,分配比例分别为38%、28%,外源新碳的分解速率明显快于原有机碳。研究得出添加水稻秸秆有利于增加砂姜黑土的团聚体稳定性,提高土壤及不同粒级团聚体的有机碳含量,提升土壤碳水平,改善了土壤结构,这为淮北地区土壤质量提升及有机碳循环提供了理论依据。 相似文献