Effect of high-oil corn on growth performance, diet digestibility, and energy content of finishing diets fed to beef cattle

Sixty crossbred beef steers (initial BW = 412 kg) were used in a 83-d finishing study to determine the effect of feeding dry rolled high-oil corn on performance and total-tract digestibility of finishing diets. Steers were allotted by weight to the following dietary treatments: 1) control corn (C; 82% normal corn, 12% triticale silage), 2) high-oil corn (HO; 82% high-oil corn, 12% silage), and 3) high-oil corn formulated to be isocaloric to C (ISO; 74% high-oil corn, 20% silage). Total lipid content was 4.9% (DM basis) for normal corn and 7.0% for high-oil corn. Steers were individually fed using electronic gates. Quantity of feed offered and refused was recorded daily. Fecal samples were collected on d 63 to 66 of the trial to determine digestibility. Chromic oxide was fed as an indigestible marker for 7 d before fecal collection began. Planned contrasts of HO vs C and ISO vs C were used to assess treatment differences. Dry matter intake was greater for steers fed C vs HO (P < 0.01) or C vs ISO (P < 0.01), but daily gain and feed efficiency were not affected (P > 0.05) by treatments. Digestibility of DM, OM, starch, and GE was greater (P < 0.05) for the HO diet than the C diet, but lipid digestibility did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The combined effect of greater GE content and digestibility resulted in greater (P < 0.01) DE content for the HO than for the C diet. Calculated DE of the corn was 8.3% greater (3.74 Mcal/kg; P < 0.01) for the HO diet and 6.5% greater (3.67 Mcal/kg; P < 0.01) for the ISO diet than the corn in the C diet (3.25 Mcal/kg). Dry matter and GE digestibility did not differ (P > 0.05) between the C and ISO diets. Steers consuming ISO had greater (P < 0.05) starch digestibility than steers fed the C diet. Although HO had higher DE, DE intake was similar (P > 0.05) for HO and C due to lower DMI for HO. These results indicate that available energy is greater from high-oil corn than from typical corn, but depressed voluntary feed intake prevented performance improvements and resulted in equal energy intakes between high-oil corn and typical corn diets.     

青贮玉米秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

为研究青贮玉米秸秆对肉牛生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验选取体重相近的11~12月龄西门塔尔杂交公牛30头,随机分为3组,每组10个重复,分别饲喂风干玉米秸秆(CS)、风干玉米秸秆与青贮玉米秸秆1:1(CSS)、青贮玉米秸秆(SS),每天饲喂等量的精料,试验期60d。结果表明:CSS、SS组较CS组平均日增重分别增加24.2%、44.0%(P<0.05),料肉比分别降低15.1%、24.7%(P<0.05);SS组较CSS组平均日增重增加15.9%,料肉比下降11.25%(P<0.05)。CSS、SS组较CS组热胴体重分别增加14.1%、26.1%(P<0.05),屠宰率分别增加9.9%、18.1%(P<0.05),净肉率分别增加6.0%、7.9%(P<0.05);SS组热胴体重、屠宰率较CSS组分别增加10.5%、7.4%(P<0.05),其余指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,饲喂青贮玉米秸秆能显著改善肉牛生长性能及屠宰性能。     

壳聚糖对肉牛生长性能及营养物质消化率的影响

试验旨在研究壳聚糖(chitosan,CHI)对肉牛生长性能及营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体重、月龄接近,健康无病的24头西门塔尔育肥公牛,随机分为3个日粮处理组,每组8头牛,饲养试验分前、中、后三期,每期28 d,共84 d。三组日粮分别是在基础日粮中添加0、500和1 000 mg/kg的壳聚糖配制而成。结果表明:试验全期500 mg/kg壳聚糖组的平均日增重(ADG)和日采食量(ADFI)最高、料肉比(F/G)最低;日粮添加500 mg/kg壳聚糖可提高肉牛干物质、蛋白质、能量和钙表观消化率。说明日粮中添加500 mg/kg壳聚糖可提高肉牛营养物质的消化率,进而促进肉牛的生长。     

三种不同日粮育肥肉牛试验

[目的]为了获得当地更为实用可行的肉牛育肥饲料。[方法]试验分3个组,试验Ⅰ组,是榆阳区当地养牛户传统的喂牛饲料;试验Ⅱ组,饲料以干玉米秸秆为主要粗饲料+精料补充料;试验Ⅲ组,饲料以玉米青贮饲料为主要粗饲料+精料补充料。试验对3种不同类型饲料育肥西门塔尔肉牛的日增重、料重比和增重成本进行比较。[结果]Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的日增重分别为(1.24±0.26) kg、(1.26±0.14) kg和(1.32±0.19) kg,Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组,三组之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);料重比分别为7.53、7.46和6.99,Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅲ组;增重成本分别为17.17元/kg、18.28元/kg和19.42元/kg,Ⅲ组>Ⅱ组>Ⅰ组。[结论]青贮日粮组(Ⅲ组)的增重效率最高;传统日粮组(Ⅰ组)的成本最低。     

Effect of cattle age, forage level, and corn processing on diet digestibility and feedlot performance

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of cattle age and dietary forage level on the utilization of corn fed whole or ground to feedlot cattle. In Exp. 1, 16 steers were used to investigate the effects of cattle age and corn processing on diet digestibility. Two cattle age categories were evaluated (weanling [254 +/- 20 kg BW] and yearling [477 +/- 29 kg BW]; eight steers per group), and corn was fed either ground or whole to each cattle age category. Cattle age and corn processing did not affect (P > 0.10) diet digestibility of DM, OM, starch, CP, NDF or ADF, and no interactions (P > 0.10) between these two factors were detected. In Exp. 2, the effects of forage level and corn processing on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. One hundred eighty steers (310 +/- 40 kg BW) were allotted to 24 pens, and were fed one of the following diets: high-forage (18.2% corn silage) cracked corn (HFCC); high-forage shifting corn (whole corn for the first half of the trial, then cracked corn until harvest; HFSC); high-forage whole corn (HFWC); low-forage (5.2% corn silage) cracked corn (LFCC); low-forage shifting corn (LFSC); and low-forage whole corn (LFWC). For the high-forage diets, steers fed cracked corn had 7% greater DMI than those fed whole corn, whereas for the low-forage diets, grain processing did not affect DMI (interaction; P = 0.02). No interactions (P > 0.10) between forage level and corn processing were found for ADG and G:F. Total trial ADG and G:F, and percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice, and carcass yield grade were not affected (P > 0.10) by corn processing. Cattle with fewer days on feed grew faster and more efficiently when cracked corn was fed, whereas cattle with longer days on feed had greater ADG and G:F when corn was fed whole (interaction; P < 0.10). In Exp. 3, the effects of forage level and corn processing on diet digestibility were evaluated. The high-forage cracked corn, high-forage whole corn, low-forage cracked corn, and low-forage whole corn diets used in Exp. 2 were fed to 16 steers (350 +/- 27 kg BW) in a digestion trial. No interactions (P > 0.10) between forage level and corn processing were detected for starch digestibility. Forage level and corn processing (grinding) did not affect (P > 0.10) diet DM, OM, starch, CP, and NDF digestibility. Processing corn did not provide additional benefits to feedlot cattle performance under these experimental conditions.     

饲料中添加紫花苜蓿鲜草对肉牛生长性能及养分表观消化率的影响

为研究紫花苜蓿鲜草对肉牛生长性能及养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的肉牛90头,随机分成3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。1组为空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,2、3组分别在风干物质的基础上添加5%、10%的紫花苜蓿鲜草,预试验10 d,试验期为60 d,在试验期间测定肉牛生长性能和养分表观消化率。结果表明:(1)试验3组的试验末重、平均日增重分别较对照组提高3.30%、14.77%(P <0.05),试验2组和3组的平均日采食量均高于1组(P> 0.05),试验3组的料重比分别较对照组降低7.20%(P <0.05);(2)试验2、3组的粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷的表观消化率均高于1组(P> 0.05);试验3组粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别较对照组提高13.85%、18.83%、21.03%(P <0.05)。结论,10%紫花苜蓿鲜草可以提高肉牛的生长性能和养分表观消化率。     

益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响

为研究益生菌发酵红薯渣对肉牛生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素随机设计试验,选择体重相近、健康的育肥肉牛40头随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头,试验1组饲喂基础日粮,试验2、3、4组分别用10%、15%、20%益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲粮中的玉米,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。结果表明:(1)试验3、4组的平均日增重较1组比分别提高16.9、14.1%(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组的平均采食量均高于1组(P>0.05);试验3、4组的料重比较1组比分别降低14.9%、12.4%(P<0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、蛋白质、钙、磷的表观消化率均高于1组(P 0.05);试验3、4组的中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率较1组比分别提高12.7%、11.0%、18.9%、16.4%(P<0.05)。综上,益生菌发酵红薯渣替代饲料中15%玉米,可以提高肉牛的生长性能和养分表观消化率。     

The effects of nutrition on reproductive performance of beef cattle

The concept of feeding for optimal reproductive performance is not new. The effects of prepartum and postpartum nutritional levels on return to postpartum estrus and conception rates was reported in 1962. The effect of body condition regardless of nutrition regimen was first reported in 1975. Body condition scoring has become a popular topic for Extension and practitioner sponsored producer meetings. To effectively promote a management change that requires increased cash flow and does not have an immediate return requires demonstration of cost-effectiveness. This requires knowledge of the biologic information and transformation of that knowledge (through partial budget analysis) into additional profit for the producer. Controlling reproduction through proper nutrition at critical times of the reproductive cycle requires: 1. Calving and breeding seasons of 60 days. 2. Cows to be in moderate to good body condition at calving (BCS 5-7). 3. Cows to be slightly gaining at the beginning of the breeding season. 4. Cows to be bred to fertile bulls. 5. Evaluation and correction of body condition well in advance of the actual impact of BCS on reproductive function. 6. Producer to be prepared to initiate "alternate" plans (i.e., early weaning or 48 hour calf removal).     

Influence of decoquinate on ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility and cattle performance

Three experiments utilizing three Holstein steers (235 and 299 kg avg body weight for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of decoquinate, a synthetic coccidiostat, on ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility and performance of steers fed a finishing diet containing monensin and tylosin. Experiment 1 utilized a 70% forage diet, whereas Exp. 2 utilized a 20% forage diet. Each experiment was a 3 X 3 Latin-square design with treatments being 0, .5 and 5 mg decoquinate/kg body weight. Ruminal fermentation characteristics, water kinetics and blood constituents were measured on d 11 of each period, and zero-time volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was measured at 3 and 6 h post-feeding on d 12 to 14. No changes were seen in plasma glucose or L-lactate, ruminal pH, NH3-N or ruminal L-lactate for either experiment. Dry matter digestibility was depressed (P less than .05) at the .5- and 5-mg levels of decoquinate in Exp. 1, but dry matter digestibility was not affected in Exp. 2. No changes were seen in ruminal volume, outflow or total VFA concentration for either experiment. Molar proportions of VFA were not affected in Exp. 1, but the proportions of isobutyrate and butyrate decreased (P less than .05) at the 5-mg level of decoquinate in Exp. 2. Volatile fatty acid production was not changed in Exp. 1, but butyrate production was decreased (P less than .05) at the 5-mg level in Exp. 2. Experiment 3 involved 135 crossbred steers (259 kg avg initial wt), which were stratified by weight into 12 pens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

酵母培养物对肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响

试验研究日粮中添加酵母培养物对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数及抗氧化功能的影响.选取体重相近、健康的西门塔尔杂交肉牛80头,随机分为5组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头肉牛.对照组肉牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组(A、B、C、D)依次在基础日粮中添加50、100、150、200 g/(头·d)的酵母培养物...     

Effects of dry corn gluten feed on feedlot cattle performance and fiber digestibility

Effects of dry corn gluten feed (DCGF) on feedlot cattle performance and fiber digestibility were investigated. In Trial 1, 120 growing steers were fed corn silage-based diets containing 0, 40, 60 or 80% DCGF. Increasing levels of DCGF resulted in a curvilinear response in gain (P less than .05) and a linear increase in feed/gain (P less than .01). When the same steers subsequently were fed the same levels of DCGF in corn-based diets (Trial 2), increasing the percentage of dietary DCGF resulted in a linear decrease in gain (P less than .01) and a linear increase in feed/gain (P less than .01). In Trial 3, 46 crossbred steers were fed individually in a 2 x 2 factorial design to determine effects of 60 or 80% dietary high-moisture corn (HMC) or DCGF on feedlot cattle performance. Steers fed HMC had faster (P less than .08) and more efficient (P less than .05) gains than those fed DCGF, which had greater feed intakes (P less than .05). In Trial 4, 120 Angus crossbred steers were used to compare effects of 20 or 40% dietary HMC or DCGF on feedlot performance. Steers fed diets containing 40% HMC or DCGF had greater gains (P less than .01) and feed intakes (P less than .01) than those fed 20% diets. Steers fed HMC gained more efficiently than those fed DCGF (P less than .01). In an in situ trial, 0, 40, 60 or 80% dietary DCGF did not affect in situ DCGF DM or NDF disappearance. When DCGF was fermented in vitro in combination with corn silage, increasing the level of DCGF from 0 to 100% resulted in a linear increase (P less than .01) in 24 and 48 h NDF disappearance. These results suggest that at high dietary levels DCGF will support feedlot cattle gains that are nearly equal to those of cattle fed corn silage but somewhat less than those fed corn.     

Effect of hybrid, maturity, and mechanical processing of corn silage on intake and digestibility by beef cattle

A study involving a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was conducted to evaluate effects of hybrid (Pioneer 3335 and 3489), maturity (half milkline and blacklayer), and mechanical processing (field chopper with and without on-board rollers engaged) on intake and digestibility of corn silage. Forty Angus steers (322 +/- 5.2 kg BW) were assigned to the eight silage treatments (five steers per treatment) and individually fed using electronic gates. Diets consisted of 60% corn silage and 40% chopped alfalfa hay (DM basis). Following a 5-d adaptation period, intake was measured for 7 d and subsequently fecal samples were collected for 5 d. Chromic oxide (5 g/d) was fed beginning 7 d before fecal sample collection and digestibility was determined by the ratio of Cr in the feed and feces. Steers were reallocated to treatments and these procedures were repeated, providing 10 observations per treatment. In addition, all silages were ruminally incubated in six mature cows for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, and 96 h to determine extent and rate of DM, starch, NDF, and ADF disappearance. Processing increased DMI of hybrid 3489 but did not affect DMI of hybrid 3335 (hybrid x processing; P < 0.06). Total tract digestibility of DM, starch, NDF, and ADF decreased (P < 0.01) as plant maturity increased. Maturity tended to decrease starch digestibility more for hybrid 3489 than for hybrid 3335 (hybrid x maturity; P < 0.10). Processing increased (P < 0.01) starch digestibility but decreased (P < 0.01) NDF and ADF digestibility, resulting in no processing effect on DM digestibility. There was a numerical trend for processing to increase starch digestibility more for latethan for early-maturity corn silage (maturity x processing; P = 0.11). Processing increased in situ rates of DM and starch disappearance and maturity decreased in situ disappearance rates of starch and fiber. These data indicate that hybrid, maturity, and processing all affect corn silage digestibility. Mechanical processing of corn silage increased starch digestibility, which may have been associated with the observed decreased fiber digestibility.     

甜菜粕替代玉米对肉牛生长性能及瘤胃发酵成分的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同水平甜菜粕替代玉米对肉牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵能力及营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选择初始体重为(237.2±24.5)kg的肉牛36头,随机分为4组,每组9头牛,每头牛作为1个重复,试验共进行20周。试验基础日粮以玉米和青贮高粱为主,处理组分别用33%、67%和100%甜菜粕等量替代玉米。结果:试验期间肉牛总增重和日增重随甜菜粕替代水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线效应(P<0.05),料比表现为显著二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。日粮添加甜菜粕显著提高肉牛瘤胃pH(P<0.05),33%甜菜粕替代玉米组瘤胃氨氮含量最高(P<0.05);随着日粮甜菜粕添加水平的升高,总脂肪酸、乙酸、丁酸含量及乙酸与丙酸比值表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05),而丙酸和异丁酸含量表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05)。有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和纤维素摄入量随日粮甜菜粕水平的升高表现为显著二次曲线增加效应(P<0.05),而粗脂肪摄入量表现为显著二次曲线降低效应(P<0.05)。有机物、中性洗涤纤维、纤维素和半纤维素表观消化率随甜菜粕水平的升高表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05)。血清肌酸酐、胆固醇水平随甜菜粕添加水平的升高表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05),而血清尿素氮、甘油三酯、IGF-1、皮质醇和T4含量表现为显著二次曲线升高效应(P<0.05)。结论:在本试验条件下,肉牛日粮用甜菜粕替代玉米可有效提高营养物质的消化率,改善肉牛瘤胃的发酵能力,在不损害动物健康的前提下提高日增重,降低料肉比,其适宜替代水平为67%。     

日粮混合时间对饲料理化特性及肉牛育肥早期生长性能的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮混合时间对饲料理化特性及不同阶段肉牛生长性能、反刍活动的影响.将全混合日粮的混合时间分为15 min和30 min.将120头平均体重为(475±30)kg的肉牛随机分为2组,每组60头,每个重复10头.试验持续60 d,分为两个阶段,每个阶段30 d.在第1阶段结束后采用交叉设计,2组肉牛分别采食不...     

Flavomycin effects on performance of beef bulls and nutrient digestibility in wethers

For 28 weeks a feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary flavomycin on performance of beef bulls. In the first and second half of the trial, 40 animals (average initial weight 352 kg) had free access to corn silage or beet pulp, respectively, both supplemented with an appropriate concentrate containing 0 or 10 mg/kg of the antibiotic. Daily flavomycin intake was 39 to 46 mg when the animals were on the corn silage diet and 51 to 54 mg when they were fed the beet pulp diet. The animals fed the corn silage-based diet supplemented with flavomycin showed a non-significant improvement of daily gain (1.4%) and feed conversion (2.3%). When the beet pulp-based diet was fed, flavomycin significantly increased daily gain (15.2%, P less than 0.002) and feed conversion efficiency (9.1%, P less than 0.03). For the overall feeding experiment the positive effect of flavomycin feeding was 6.7% on body weight gain (P less than 0.09) and 5.2% on feed conversion (P less than 0.13). Flavomycin did not affect carcass yield of beef bulls. Also the effect of flavomycin on diet digestibility was studied in wethers fed a mixture of beet pulp and concentrate, containing 0 or 10 ppm flavomycin. No significant effect from the antibiotic on digestion of dry matter, crude protein, fibre, fat, ash and N-free extract was observed.     

高精料日粮条件下烟酸对肉牛生长性能的影响

试验选用12头体重430 kg左右西杂牛,随机分成2组,每组6头。对照组饲喂添加1.0%碳酸氢钠的精料混合料,试验组精料中添加400 mg/kg干物质的烟酸。结果表明:高精料饲喂条件下(精粗比8∶2),烟酸值组肉牛平均日增重(1.449 kg/d)略低于对照组(1.522 kg/d),但差异不显著(P0.05);烟酸组和对照组单位增重耗料分别为7.54、7.93,烟酸组略低于碳酸氢钠组,但差异不显著(P0.05);烟酸组的产投比为1.26,低于对照组(1.33)。高精料饲喂条件下,单独添加400 mg/kg干物质的烟酸不影响育肥肉牛的生长性能。     

莫能菌素对肉牛育肥期瘤胃发酵和日粮主要成分消化率的影响

采用单因子试验设计,以青贮和大麦为基础日粮,在基础日粮中分别添加莫能菌素0、1000和1400mg(20%预混料),研究肉牛育肥期日粮中添加莫能菌素对瘤胃pH值、NH3-N、VFA和日粮主要成分消化率的影响。研究结果表明:各组牛瘤胃液pH值差异不显著(P>0.05);添加莫能菌素1000mg组NH3-N浓度显著低于添加莫能菌素1400mg组和对照组(P<0.05);添加莫能菌素1000mg显著提高了TVFA和丙酸浓度(P<0.05),降低乙酸/丙酸比值(P<0.05);添加莫能菌素1000mg显著提高日粮粗蛋白的消化率(P<0.05),但对其它主要成分消化率有降低趋势,且差异不显著(P>0.05)。根据试验结果推断肉牛育肥期日粮莫能菌素的添加水平为1000mg(20%预混料)为佳。     

Effects of fibre digestibility and level of roughage on performance and rumen fermentation of finishing beef cattle

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective was to evaluate effects of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility and level of fresh sugarcane on intake, body fatness, carcass...     

草地植物添加剂对肉牛生长性能的影响

通过对草地植物添加剂的最佳配方、最适量以及肉牛的最佳育肥方式对肉牛日增重、屠宰率、净肉率以及肉品质和风味的影响进行研究,旨在分析草地植物添加剂对肉牛生长性能的影响。结果表明,草地植物添加剂能促进肉牛的快速生长,提高肉牛的日增重,其中对于犊牛(C)、架子牛(S)和基础母牛(B)日增重效果最明显的分别是草地植物添加剂C3(44%松针+24%艾叶+12%黄芪+8%微量元素)(P0.01)、S3(48%松针+16%艾叶+8%大蒜+10%黄芪+18%微量元素)(P0.01)和B3(36%松针+14%艾叶+10%大蒜+12%黄芪+28%微量元素)(P0.01);草地植物添加剂的最适量的筛选试验表明,各年龄段的肉牛的草地植物添加剂的添加量占日粮的3.5%育肥效果最明显(P0.01);在北方冷季最佳的育肥方式为舍饲育肥。综上,在北方的寒冷季节养殖肉牛以占日粮3.5%的第3类(C3、S3、B3)草地植物添加剂配合舍饲增肥效果最明显。     

Intake,digestibility, performance,and carcass traits of beef cattle of different gender

The performance, intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of beef cattle from different gender profile were assessed. Fifteen animals (five steers, five spayed heifers, and five intact heifers) with ±250 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned in individual pens and fed the same diet for 106 days. At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered and the pH, temperature, and weight of the carcass were recorded. The right side of each carcass was then separated into chuck, shoulder, flank sirloin, and round for evaluation of commercial cuts yield. The left carcass sides were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs where the rib eye area and fat thickness measurements were taken. The 9th–11th rib section was removed from the left half carcass and then dissected into muscle, fat, and bones in order to estimate carcass composition. Gender had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance, intake, digestibility of dry matter and all the nutrients evaluated, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. It can be concluded that steers and heifers (spayed or not) have the same potential to produce beef. From a productive and welfare standpoint, there is no reason to spay heifers.