人及兔醛化红细胞的制备和应用

[目的]用4种血型的人醛化红细胞测定植物凝集素(PHA)的活性,并用标准抗血清对血型进行复查。同时初步探讨兔醛化红细胞对植物凝集素(PHA)凝集活性的测定效果。[方法]将新鲜的人A、B、O、AB型血以及兔血进行红细胞的提取并醛化,然后用抗A和抗B血清测定醛化后的人红细胞的血型,并用醛化的人的4种血型的红细胞悬液以及兔的醛化红细胞悬液对植物凝集素进行效价的测定。[结果]醛化后的人的4种血型的红细胞仍保持原血型不变,并且可以与植物凝集素发生凝集反应,结果与用新鲜血浆测定的效价一致。用兔醛化红细胞悬液也测定出同样的植物凝集素效价,且灵敏度与用人的醛化红细胞悬液测定相同。[结论]醛化的人的4种血型的红细胞以及兔醛化红细胞不仅未改变其表面的抗原,而且均可用于对植物凝集素的效价测定,同时具有保存时间长的优点。从降低成本的角度考虑,也可采用兔的醛化红细胞血液对植物凝集素进行效价测定。     

Identification of a platelet membrane glycoprotein as a falciparum malaria sequestration receptor

Infections with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are characterized by sequestration of erythrocytes infected with mature forms of the parasite. Sequestration of infected erythrocytes appears to be critical for survival of the parasite and to mediate immunopathological abnormalities in severe malaria. A leukocyte differentiation antigen (CD36) was previously suggested to have a role in sequestration of malaria-infected erythrocytes. CD36 was purified from platelets, where it is known as GPIV, and was shown to be a receptor for binding of infected erythrocytes. Infected erythrocytes adhered to CD36 immobilized on plastic; purified CD36 exhibited saturable, specific binding to infected erythrocytes; and purified CD36 or antibodies to CD36 inhibited and reversed binding of infected erythrocytes to cultured endothelial cells and melanoma cells in vitro. The portion of the CD36 molecule that reverses cytoadherence may be useful therapeutically for rapid reversal of sequestration in cerebral malaria.     

铅镉联合对雏鸡红细胞形态及渗透脆性的影响

为研究铅镉联合对红细胞的毒性作用,选用150只7日龄公雏鸡经口灌服不同浓度铅、镉及铅镉混合溶液染毒,或在体外培养红细胞中加入不同浓度铅、镉及铅镉混合溶液孵育染毒,观察雏鸡红细胞形态并对红细胞的渗透脆性进行测定.结果表明,雏鸡经体内或体外染毒后,红细胞出现大小不一、形态改变、细胞核浓缩或核溶解等变化,红细胞渗透脆性增加,...     

Shear dependence of effective cell volume as a determinant of blood viscosity

The viscosity of suspensions of human erythrocytes (normal cells in plasma, normal cells in Ringer's solution containing albumin, and hardened cells in Ringer's solution containing albumin) was measured over a wide range of shear rates, and the macrorheological data were correlated with the microrheological behavior of erythrocytes and rigid particles. The formation of rouleaux increases the effective volume of erythrocytes as a result of (i) the increase in axial ratio and (ii) the limitation of deformation of individual erythrocytes. The effective cell volume is the fundamental determinant of blood viscosity.     

荷斯坦牛红细胞钾含量分布的研究

２３７头母牛和７头公牛的红细胞钾含量分析结果表明；荷斯坦牛红细胞钾含量主要受遗传控制，该牛群母牛红细胞钾量的遗传力为０．２２，公牛为０．１７。公母牛平均红细胞钾含是为１０６４和９４２ｍｇ／Ｌ，并呈正态分布，用其作耐热display statusdisplay status     

Detection of an Amplasma marginale antibody complex formed in vivo

A naturally occurring anaplasma-antibody complex was detected by exposing erythrocytes of infected cattle to fluorescein-labeled bovine antiglobulin. This technique revealed not only the classical marginal bodies but also the initial Anaplasma bodies in the erythrocytes of acutely infected animals. Singly occurring initial bodies were observed in the erythrocytes of healthy carriers.     

Antigen competition: a paradox

Immunization of mice with pig erythrocytes caused impairment of the antibody response to subsequent immunization with sheep erythrocytes, a phenomenon called "antigen competition." Paradoxically, spleen cells from mice previously injected with pig erythrocytes produced an increased response when immunized in vitro with sheep erythrocytes. Augmentation of the in vitro response is due to an increase in one of the interacting cell types. "Antigen competition" is not due to competition for cells. Cell transfer experiments provided evidence that "antigen competition" observed in animals is the result of a humoral factor, presumably antibody, present in the animal but eliminated during preparation of cells for culture.     

Mammalian hepatic lectin

A rabbit hepatic protein that specifically binds asialoglycoproteins is also a lectin that agglutinates untreated human and rabbit erythrocytes and neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes from rat, mouse, and guinea pig. Both binding of asialoglycoproteins and agglutination of erythrocytes appear to involve reaction on the same active sites of the hepatic protein.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病红细胞上C_(3b)受体的变化

对自然发病的7例传染性法氏囊病鸡红细胞上C_(3b)受体的变化进行了检测,,并与10例健康鸡进行比较,发现患病鸡红纲胞上C_(3b)受体明显低于健康鸡,而红细胞上免疫复合物,两者相比变化甚微,这一结果进一步说明传染性法氏囊病毒主要侵害鸡的免疫系统,检测红细胞上C_(3b)受体的变化,亦可作为诊断该病的手段之一。     

西藏工布江达县牦牛、黄牛、甲咂牛红细胞数及其直径研究

首次报道了西藏高原海拔3600m、雅鲁藏布江河谷工布江达县生态环境下的牦牛、黄牛、甲咂牛红细胞数、直径及其大小比例。含印度瘤牛血的甲咂牛红细胞总数,明显高于牦牛和黄牛。红细胞平均直径,牦牛为5.68μm,黄牛为5.75μm,甲咂牛为5.54μm,种内差异不显著,但这两种牛与甲咂牛之间差异极显著。     

A Plasmodium falciparum antigen that binds to host erythrocytes and merozoites

Antigens that bind to erythrocytes were identified in the supernatant fluids of a cultured human malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum). A 175-kilodalton (175K) antigen bound only to erythrocytes susceptible to invasion. The 175K antigen from the Camp or the FCR-3 strain also bound to merozoites. However, the antigen did not bind to merozoites when merozoites and supernatant antigens were from different strains unless proteinase inhibitors were present. Moreover, erythrocytes coated with supernatant antigens from the Camp or FCR-3 strain were invaded normally by merozoites of the homologous strain but were partially resistant to invasion by merozoites of the heterologous strain. The 175K antigen may be a receptor acting as a "bridge" between erythrocytes and merozoites.     

4种鲑鳟鱼外周血细胞显微及超微结构比较

为研究鲑鳟鱼的血细胞形态学差异,采用光镜及电镜技术对白点鲑Salvelinus malma(体质量49.07 g±12.05 g)、红点鲑Salvelinus leucomaenis(体质量83.23 g±15.07 g)、虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss(体质量60.12 g±11.86 g)和金鳟Onco...     

NDV La Sota株与H_9N_2亚型AIV血凝谱的比较研究

为进一步研究NDV与AIV的生物学特性,为二者的鉴别诊断提供科学的依据,应用微量血凝(HA)试验比较观察NDV(La Sota)与AIV(H9N2)对鸡等17种动物红细胞的血凝谱。结果显示:NDV(La Sota)与AIV(H9N2)均可凝集鸡、鸭、鸽、鹌鹑、麻雀、喜鹊、赤颈鸫、三趾鹬、鹰鸮、长耳鸮、羊、小白鼠和人(O型)的红细胞,均不凝集兔的红细胞,但对牛、犬、猪红细胞的血凝特性有明显的差异。NDV(La Sota)可凝集这3种动物的红细胞且凝集效价均较高,而AIV(H9N2)对其则不具有凝集作用。表明NDV(La Sota)与AIV(H9N2)对不同动物红细胞血凝谱具有一定的差异性,特别是对不同哺乳动物红细胞的血凝性差异明显。     

Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase

When hemolyzates from erythrocytes of selenium-deficient rats were incubated in vitro in the presence of ascorbate or H(2)O(2), added glutathione failed to protect the hemoglobin from oxidative damage. This occurred because the erythrocytes were practically devoid of glutathione-peroxidase activity. Extensively purified preparations of glutathione peroxidase contained a large part of the (75)Se of erythrocytes labeled in vivo. Many of the nutritional effects of selenium can be explained by its role in glutathione peroxidase.     

三氯杀螨醇对中华蟾蜍成体外周血红细胞的影响

用5种不同剂量的三氯杀螨醇(d icofo l,DCF)分别对48只中华蟾蜍(B uf o g arg arizans)成体进行体腔注射法染毒1~4次,观察并统计中华蟾蜍成体外周血红细胞产生微核、核异常及细胞异常的细胞数。结果表明,注射DCF后所有剂量组均能引起中华蟾蜍红细胞微核细胞率显著升高;除5,10 m g/kg剂量组在第1次注射后较对照组低外,其他注射剂量和次数均引起核异常细胞率升高,DCF对细胞膜与细胞质的影响小于其对细胞核的影响,在4次注射中以第2次注射后对红细胞的毒性效应最大。说明DCF是一种强诱变剂,对中华蟾蜍成体外周血红细胞具有较强的遗传毒性。     

苏丹红I对泥鳅红细胞微核率和组织磷酸酶活性的影响

[目的]为明确苏丹红Ⅰ的危害提供试验依据。[方法]用不同浓度(0.312 5、0.625、1.25、2.50和5.00 mg/L)苏丹红Ⅰ处理泥鳅后8、162、4、32和40 h,观察带有微核的红细胞数,并测定肝脏、肌肉和肾脏组织中磷酸酶活性,研究苏丹红Ⅰ对泥鳅红细胞微核率和不同组织中磷酸酶活性的影响。[结果]泥鳅红细胞微核的自然发生率为1.128 3‰。经不同浓度苏丹红处理一定的时间后,泥鳅红细胞微核率较对照组均显著提高,最高达6.063 6‰。随着苏丹红Ⅰ浓度的提高,泥鳅红细胞微核率出现最高峰的时间也相应提前。染毒后各组织的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性迅速上升,而碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性迅速下降。[结论]泥鳅红细胞微核率与苏丹红Ⅰ浓度大体上呈正相关,同时也有一定的时间效应。     

Genetic control of lactate dehydrogenase expression in mammalian tissues

The amount of lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 4 in erythrocytes of mice is controlled by alleles at the Ldr-1 locus. The A subunits of lactate dehydrogenase from erythrocytes deficient in isozyme 4 cannot assemble in vitro with B subunits to form active isozyme. The inability to form hybrid enzyme is not due to a mutation in the structural gene for the A polypeptide. Rather, a factor that is bound to the A subunits of erythrocytes restricts free exchange with B subunits.     

两种农药对泥鳅红细胞微核和核异常的诱导

本研究以泥鳅作为试验鱼，在测定甲胺磷对其96小时半致死浓度的基础上，在半致死浓度和安全浓度之间设置五个浓度组，研究了甲胺磷和敌枯双各个浓度组对泥鳅红细胞微核形成和核异常的影响。试验结果表明，两种农药都能诱导泥鳅红细胞微核细胞率和核异常率的提高。在一定浓度范围内，微核细胞率与农药浓度呈正相关；但当浓度过高时，微核细胞率反而随浓度的升高而降低。而总核异常率则总是随农药浓度的升高而提高。此外，研究还发现，随着农药浓度的升高，微核细胞率出现高峰的时间也提前。     

两种农药对泥鳅红细胞微核和核异常的诱导

本研究以泥鳅作为试验鱼，在测定甲胺磷对其96小时半致死浓度的基础上，在半致死浓度和安全浓度之间设置五个浓度组，研究了甲胺磷和敌枯双各个浓度组对泥鳅红细胞微核形成和核异常的影响。试验结果表明，两种农药都能诱导泥鳅红细胞微核细胞率和核异常率的提高。在一定浓度范围内，微核细胞率与农药浓度呈正相关；但当浓度过高时，微核细胞率反而随浓度的升高而降低。而总核异常率则总是随农药浓度的升高而提高。此外，研究还发现，随着农药浓度的升高，微核细胞率出现高峰的时间也提前。     

Selective phagocytosis of nucleated erythrocytes by cytotoxic amebae in cell culture

Strains of Acanthamoeba, which produce cellular damage resembling viral cytopathic effect, are known to occur in cultures of monkey kidney cells. Trophozoites of a similar strain were observed to engulf and denucleate chicken erythrocytes. Nonnucleated guinea pig erythrocytes were apparently left unchanged.