狂犬病及其防制措施

针对目前狂犬病在全世界流行日益严峻的形势，通过大量的数字详细列举了国内外人和动物狂犬病的流行现状、欧美等发达国家防制狂犬病的有效措施及我国防制措施，结合我国狂犬病流行现状，分析了狂犬病流行的原因，提出了我国防制狂犬病的几点建议。     

Knowledge of Rabies Prevention in Vietnamese Public Health and Animal Health Workers

Rabies is an invariably fatal, but preventable zoonotic disease. Despite a national programme for its prevention and control, the number of rabies associated deaths in Vietnam has increased in recent years. A cross‐sectional survey was undertaken in 2012 to assess and compare the knowledge, awareness and practices of 189 public health workers (PHW) and animal health workers (AHW) attending a joint training course for professionals from provinces in northern Vietnam with the highest number of deaths from rabies. Questionnaires facilitating self‐evaluation were provided, and total knowledge scores were calculated (maximum 38 points) and categorized into: ‘high’ (>30 points), ‘moderate’ (21–30) and ‘low’ (<21). The response rate was 100%, and among the 189 participants, 56% were PHW compared to 44% who were AHW. Although most respondents knew rabies could be transmitted through the bite of an animal, most commonly a dog, and that rabies is a preventable disease, significant differences between groups were identified. Major areas included poor knowledge of common rabies reservoirs, wound management and guidance on post‐exposure prophylaxis. Overall, the total mean knowledge scores for PHW was significantly higher (P = 0.011) compared to those for AHW, but both scores fell within the ‘moderate’ knowledge range. However, proportionately more PHW than AHW achieved ‘high’ knowledge scores (P = 0.0098). To our knowledge this is the first published study to simultaneously assess the knowledge and awareness of animal health and public health professionals attending joint training activities aimed at strengthening rabies prevention and control. To ensure effective prevention and control of rabies requires that AHW and PHW not only coordinate and collaborate, but have a common knowledge and understanding of rabies prevention and control measures. This study provides important baseline data in a relatively unexplored area of research that can focus future interventions and research.     

狂犬病的流行危害及综合防控措施

文章对我国及贵州省狂犬病的疫情概况、流行危害、高发的原因进行分析,借鉴国外狂犬病防治的成功经验,提出我国狂犬病防控的综合措施。     

畜间布鲁菌病的诊断方法与防控措施

布鲁菌病（brucellosis）是由布鲁茵（Brucella）引起的一种人畜共患传染病,给畜牧业发展和人类健康带来严重危害。主要对布鲁菌病的病原学和血清学诊断方法以及防控措施作一介绍。以期为布鲁茵病的相关研究提供参考。     

狂犬病现状、危害与防制思路

简要介绍了国内外狂犬病病毒(RV)的研究进展,特别是我国大陆地区人、犬、猫、鹿和毛皮兽中的狐、貉、狼、獾狂犬病的流行状况与特点。并对我国在狂犬病防制中存在的问题,提出了诸如加强宣传,提高民众的公益意识,完善法律法规,实施对犬猫强制免疫,提高免疫质量等狂犬病防制的建议。     

广西狂犬病防控形势SARE评估

为了解广西壮族自治区犬传人狂犬病的防控形势,使用由FAO、GARC、WHO等共同开发的分阶段消除狂犬病（stepwise approach to rabies elimination,SARE）工具,从狂犬病信息教育传播、犬只管理、预防控制、数据收集分析、实验室诊断、跨部门事务和立法等7大类115个常规和技术问题,对广西狂犬病消除工作状况进行评估,并根据在狂犬病消除六阶段路线图（阶段0～5）中所处位置,来确定广西狂犬病消除进展阶段。结果显示：广西狂犬病消除进度处于阶段1.5;7大类活动的完成率为8.33%～91.67%,完成了52项活动,还有86个待处理活动,其中待处理活动集中于犬只管理、多部门合作、信息宣传教育和预防控制等4个部分。结果表明：广西已具有消除犬传人狂犬病的良好基础,可以采取以犬只免疫为主,加强犬只管理、多部门合作、宣传教育和预防控制为辅的综合策略,逐步实现消除犬传人狂犬病的目标。     

Knowledge,Attitudes and Practices of Law Enforcement Officers on Rabies and Animal Control Issues in Kansas

Rabies is a deadly zoonoses endemic in the United States, including Kansas. Animal control programmes that emphasize vaccination of dogs and cats, removal of stray animals and enforcement of licensure programmes have historically been essential in reducing the risk of rabies exposures to humans (Beran, 1991). Kansas does not mandate the use of animal control officers [ACOs] and in areas where there is no designated animal control officer, law enforcement officers [LEOs] are required to fill that role. Little is known about LEOs' knowledge of rabies, their current practices in responding to animal‐related calls or if they receive any specialized training to perform the duties of an ACO. A web‐based, voluntary and anonymous survey was sent to law enforcement officers in Kansas in January 2014. The survey included questions about animal control practices and a self‐assessment of rabies knowledge. The response rate was 16.2%. All respondents indicated LEOs will respond to animal‐related calls, even if there was an ACO available in their department or jurisdiction. A majority of respondents indicated they had not received training on safe animal handling (62.9%, 61/97) or zoonoses prevention (85.6%, 83/97), even though a strong majority considered such training important (89.7% and 79.4%, respectively). Most respondents (>80%) were able to correctly identify animals capable of transmitting rabies but were less aware of how rabies was transmitted or the severity of rabies in humans. Our results demonstrate that Kansas LEOs perform animal control duties, many without the proper training, even though most consider such training to be important to be able to perform their duties safely. Training on safe animal handling and zoonoses prevention should be provided to all LEOs in Kansas to enable them to safely execute their duties and provide timely and accurate information to citizens regarding rabies prevention.     

动物疫病防控"十措施"

为确保切实做好动物疫情防控工作,保障畜牧业平稳健康发展,促进农民增收和农村稳定.安徽省阜南县政府高度重视,强化措施,真抓实干,有步骤、分阶段做好集中强制免疫、每月一周补免补防、夏季猪病防控、免疫抗体监测、防控效果评价等十项工作.     

重大动物疫病防控国际规则

本研究以FAO、OIE和WTO等国际组织及其重大动物疫病防控策略为对象,详细介绍全球重大动物疫病防控规则框架,深入分析重大动物疫病防控的国际通用规则,系统阐述世界兽医工作的发展历程和定位,总结我国实践动物疫病防控国际规则的基本情况,并针对国际兽医工作变化提出了我国重大动物疫病防控需采取的策略建议。     

畜牧业生产环境污染及防治

畜牧业的发展直接影响我国农业经济的建设和人们日常生活,因而受到社会各级的广泛重视。随着畜牧业的发展,自然生态环境受到严重的污染,如果该情况不能得到及时有效的治理和解决,势必会对我国的可持续发展造成极为严重的不利影响。该文主要论述畜牧业生产的环境污染及防治展。对目前常见的污染进行分析,并有针对性地提出相应的防治措施。     

动物疫病防控存在问题及对策

Wu Peiyu     

狂犬病综合防控技术集成与示范项目实施效果

为提高我国狂犬病的综合防控能力,以陕西省韩城市、安徽省界首市以及贵州省桐梓县作为城市、农村、城乡结合部的代表区,项目组实施了狂犬病综合防控技术集成与示范项目。通过开展集成新型实用防控技术,落实大规模免疫、监测、宣传培训等措施,项目实施成效显著:犬只免疫率由项目实施前不足20%提升至92.06%;发病人数显著下降,疫情得到有效控制;3个项目区的狂犬病防控知识知晓率分别由项目实施前的40.3%、50.0%和86.3%提升至93.8%、95.0%和93.0%,公众对狂犬病认知度显著提升,营造了齐抓共管的良好社会氛围;整合锻炼狂犬病防治队伍,为防治工作储备了人才;社会关系更加和睦,生态环境得到改善。此外,项目区还提出了改进免疫标识、加强流浪犬管理的建议。     

畜牧养殖小区污染防治技术

通过分析畜牧养殖小区存在的环境污染问题、找出其污染源，并提出了相应的技术措施，以提高畜牧养殖小区的综合效益。     

畜牧养殖小区污染防治技术

通过分析畜牧养殖小区存在的环境污染问题、找出其污染源,并提出了相应的技术措施,以提高畜牧养殖小区的综合效益.     

重大动物疫病防控问题浅析

我国重大动物疫病种类多、疫情复杂,给畜牧业生产和人的健康造成严重威胁。通过分析华坪县重大动物疫病防控工作存在的主要问题和当前动物疫病流行的特点,提出进一步做好重大动物疫病防控工作的对策与建议。     

动物疫病防控风险和对策措施

本文阐述了动物疫病的危害和动物防疫职责、任务、系统分析了动物疫病防范风险,提出了规范免疫和流通防疫监管、加快养殖方式转变、深化兽医体制改革、提升动物防疫设施、完善防控责任体系等工作举措。     

全球重大动物疫病状况及影响

本研究是《国家中长期动物疫病防控战略规划》研究的第一个子课题。研究运用描述性分析与典型案例说明相结合的方法总结了近30年来全球范围内重大动物疫病发生情况、流行特点,分析了重大动物疫病对各国经济、政治、社会、环境和军事等方面的影响,以及导致疫情发生、流行的各种影响因素,进而初步预测未来一段时期内动物疫病的潜在流行趋势。本研究把我国动物疫病防控战略规划研究、制定及实施放在国际大背景下来考虑,为我国动物疫病防控规划制定实施提供参考。研究所用资料主要来自发达国家,但从社会经济水平、动物疫病防范控制能力、防范意识等方面看,发展中国家疫病发生情况、所引起的损失、造成公共卫生影响等可能更为严重。