鸵鸟骨骼观察

为适应奔跑和支持体重,鸵鸟的后肢骨骼特别发达。股骨和小腿骨,其形态结构与家畜相似。头骨断面呈海绵状,颈椎18枚,腰椎、荐椎、尾椎愈合成腰荐骨。胸骨扁而平呈板状,无龙骨突。     

达赉湖保护区水鸟生境利用研究

2007年3～11月,通过样带法对内蒙古达赉湖自然保护区内水乌生境利用进行了研究。研究表明,达赉湖保护区不同种水乌的生境利用显著不同,鹳形目、鸥形目和鹈形目鸟类主要选择在河漫滩草甸,鸻形目鸟类主要选择泥岸沼泽,鹤形目和鸊（？）目鸟类主要选择浅水植被区,雁形目鸟类主要选择深水区。     

应用扫描电子显微镜对牦牛皮蝇三期幼虫的形态学观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对寄生于牦牛体的牛皮蝇、纹皮蝇和中华皮蝇(Hypoderma bovis,H.lineatum.H.sinense)三期幼虫进行了形态学观察。3种三期幼虫头部的形态结构差别不大。牛皮蝇三期幼虫气门板呈漏斗状,气门孔周围有粗壮的突棘,纹皮蝇三期幼虫气门板扁平,气门孔周围无棘;中华皮蝇三期幼虫气门板稍有凹陷,气门孔周围有少量小的突棘。牛皮蝇三期幼虫第十节的前缘和后缘上面无棘;纹皮蝇三期幼虫第十节的后缘上面有刺,前缘无棘;中华皮蝇三期幼虫第十节的前缘和后缘上面均有棘。     

绿洲区滴灌条件下施磷对紫花苜蓿生产性能及品质的影响

为提高滴灌条件下紫花苜蓿的生产性能及营养品质,对北疆绿洲区滴灌条件下两个品种紫花苜蓿开展施磷的研究。设置一次性施180 kg／hm2磷肥（L1）、一次性施360 kg／hm2磷肥（H 1）、分次施180 kg／hm2磷肥（L2）、分次施360 kg／hm2磷肥（H2）及不施肥（CK）5个处理,通过对其生产性能和营养品质进行测定。结果表明,不同施磷模式对新牧2号第1茬干草产量、生长速度、叶茎比及第3茬株高有显著影响（P ＜0．05）,对三得利第3茬干草产量、生长速度有显著影响（P ＜0．05）,对其余各生产性能相关指标均无显著影响（P ＞0．05）。不同施磷模式对新牧2号各茬次粗蛋白、粗纤维及第1茬粗灰分有显著影响（P ＜0．05）,对三得利第1,3茬粗灰分有显著影响（P ＜0．05）,对其余各营养品质相关指标均无显著影响（P ＞0．05）。采取模糊相似优先比分析法综合生产性能及品质的各项指标,得到新牧2号和三得利的最佳施磷模式,按优劣排序为 H 1＞L1＞H2＞L2＞CK。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒起源及演化关系的探讨H5N1亚型禽流感病毒起源及演化关系的探讨

通过综述感染人类的H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感病毒起源及演化关系，表明感染人的A／Hongkong／97（H5N1）株及目前流行的高致病性禽流感病毒可能起源于禽源的A型流感病毒株（A／Goose／Guangdong／1／96）。自1996年以来，H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的基因型经Gs／Gd，A，B，C，D，E，V，W，）X0—X3，Y，Z和Z^＋不断的演化为目前流行的基因型Z。高致病性禽流感病毒（H5，H7和H9亚型）在禽，特别是水禽体内的重组或重配而相互传播，并随候鸟的迁徙而传播不易消灭，H5N1亚型的禽流感在不同地区的不断暴发与流行已严重威胁着养禽业的发展及人类的健康，需要进行长期监控。     

烯效唑对匍匐翦股颖的矮化作用及生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究充足水分（100％田间持水量）和限制水分（50％田间持水量）条件下4种不同浓度（20mg／L、40mg／L、60mg／L、80mg／L）烯效唑处理对匍匐翦股颖形态和生理指标的影响。结果表明：在2种不同水分条件下,4个烯效唑浓度处理均使匍匐翦股颖的株高明显降低,适宜的烯效唑处理浓度（40mg／L、60mg／L、80mg／L）使匍匐翦股颖的叶片明显变短,且作用效果与浓度有关;适宜浓度的烯效唑使匍匐翦股颖叶片中脯氨酸含量、叶片相对含水量和根系活力明显提高,抗旱性增强,且调控作用与水分状况有关;综合考虑作用效果和成本,在匍匐翦股颖草坪养护管理中烯效唑的推荐使用浓度为60mg／L。     

出血性大肠杆菌噬菌体933W的分离鉴定和保存

采用双层琼脂平板法从EHEC 0157 EDL933基因组中诱导分离出了编码志贺毒素的噬菌体933W，并利用PCR技术对其进行了鉴定。对933W的不同保存方法进行比较，结果表明，将噬菌体933W置于SM溶液中加入CaCl2、lgCl2至终浓度10mmol／L，明胶浓度至0．1％（W／V）并于4℃冷藏是保存933W较好的方法。     

厦门市春夏两季鸟类多样性研究

通过对代表厦门5种不同生境类型的8个样地进行鸟类调查,共记录到鸟类17目49科242种,占全国鸟类总种数的19.5%,占福建省鸟类总种数的44.7%。与全国鸟类组成相比,厦门鸣禽和涉禽的物种多样性相对比较丰富;比较5种代表性的生境鸟类多样性,农田物种多样性最丰富（Shannon-Wiener指数H′=5.549 63）,但是其科属多样性却最低（G-F指数DFG=0.53568）;森林生境中科属多样性最高（G-F指数DFG=0.872282）,特别是科多样性显著高于其他生境（F指数DF=15.8911）。对比分析厦门市春季和夏季物种多样性显示鸟类迁徙前的春季比夏季物种丰富度高。     

1株鸭源H4N6亚型流感病毒全基因组序列测定和遗传演化分析

2010年在山东水禽市场健康鸭体内分离鉴定1株H4N6亚型流感病毒（AⅣ）,命名为A／duck／shandong／1／2010（H4N6）（缩写为DK／SD／1／2010）。对其全基因序列进行测定,并与GenBank中相关序列进行遗传演化分析。结果表明：DK／SD／1／2010HA基因切割位点附近的氨基酸序列（PKKASR↓GLF）符合低致病力AIV的特征;HA基因与A／avian／Japan／8k10185／2008（H4N6）在同一进化分支内;PB2基因与A／Mallard／Hokkaido／24／2009（HSN1）在同一分支内;NP基因与A／Spot-billedduck／Korean／546／2008（H6N1）在同一分支内;M基因与A／Dintail／Aomori／1130／2008（HIN3）在同一分支内。因此,推测DK／SD／1／2010可能是不同来源的流感病毒基因在鸭体内经过复杂重组演变的一株重组病毒。     

陕西化龙山国家级自然保护区鸟类物种多样性初步研究

2010年4月～2011年5月,采用样线法及样点调查法对陕西化龙山自然保护区鸟类多样性进行了初步调查.结果表明,化龙山自然保护区共分布有鸟类16目50科224种.按居留型划分,有留鸟123种,夏候鸟67种,旅鸟25种,冬候鸟8种,迷鸟1种.在区系组成方面,190种繁殖鸟种中,有东洋种100种（52.63％）,古北种67种（35.26％）,广布种23种（12.11％）.4种生境中的鸟类物种多样性以落叶阔叶林最为丰富（多样性指数H＇为3.49）,以针叶林和高寒草甸为最低（多样性指数H＇为2.52）,针阔混交林（多样性指数H＇为3.26）与河谷农田（多样性指数H＇为3.15）居中.鸟类物种的均匀度以针阔混交林为最高,且与落叶阔叶林具有较高的相似性.     

Estudio Radiológico del Esternón del Ovino en Crecimiento

Radiological investigation of the sternum of the sheep A radiological investigation of the sternum of the sheep demonstrated distinct growth phases. Forty Merino sheep of mixed breeds were distributed into 4 age groups of 0, 45, 105 and 270 days. Each animal was radiographed in sternal and lateral recumbency. Measurements were made from the radiographs. The sternebra are rectangular in newborn and become concave in adult. The curvature of the sternum is 16 to 17° at day 0 and 27–28° at day 270. The nucleus of ossification was seen in all sternebrae at 45 days of age, they were present only in the most caudal sternebrae at 105 days.     

Gross morphological features of the air sacs of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix)

Air sacs are considered to be one of the controlling factors of bird behaviour and habits in addition to their roles in ventilation, regulating body temperature, swimming and flight. As a scavenger and an omnivorous flight bird, air sacs of the hooded crow were the focus of this study. Eight healthy, adult hooded crows were used to examine the morphological characteristics of the air sacs, which were examined grossly and with latex and cast preparations. In general, the morphological overview of the hooded crow air sacs is similar to other avian species. We observed nine air sacs; four paired sacs (cervical, cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs) and one unpaired sac; the clavicular air sac. The cervical air sac communicated to the lung through the medioventral bronchus and had three diverticula; intermuscular, subscapular and subcutaneous. The clavicular air sac communicated with lung through the medioventral bronchus and had subscapular, axillary, humeral, subpectoral and sternal diverticula. The cranial and caudal thoracic air sacs were communicated with lung through the lateroventral bronchi and the both sacs did not have any diverticula. The abdominal air sacs were posterior to the caudal thoracic air sacs. The left abdominal sac was the largest air sac. The right and left abdominal sacs gave off branches to diverticula that pneumatized synsacrum. The abdominal air sacs gave off femoral diverticula behind the hip joint as well as perirenal diverticula.     

Congenital Malformations of the First Sternal Rib

During the dissection and skeletal examination of 151 horses, a congenital malformation (CM) of the first sternal rib that influenced the aperture of the Thoracic inlet was noted in six horses. The presentation of this CM was variable between horses in gross anatomic appearance; notably, an absent first sternal rib, bifid tuberculum costae, bifid sternochondral articulation onto the sternum, flared shaft, normal first sternal rib inserting onto the cranial branch of a bifid sternochondral articulating second sternal rib, straight costal shaft, and an articulating rudimentary tuberculum costae with a ligamentous extension replacing the bony shaft and attaching to a rudimentary sternochondral articulation onto the sternum. Of the 151 horses examined, the CM of the first sternal rib was restricted to 6/60 Thoroughbred horses, and only in those that were affected by either the unilateral or bilateral transposition of the caudal ventral tubercle from C6 onto the ventral surface of C7. The normal anatomic presentation of the thoracic inlet was altered, along with associative musculature including neurological pathways. These CMs are likely to produce clinical and functional ramifications of the thoracic inlet, thoracic limb, and thoracic viscera, with the probability of altering postural and locomotive function as noted in four horses demonstrating the CM.     

外源过氧化氢对蓝藻UV-B屏蔽物质的影响

以青海湖粘球藻(Gloeocapsa)作为研究材料,通过生物化学和对比分析的方法,研究外源过氧化氢(H2O2)(0.5 mmol/L)对长期增强UV-B(2.4 W/m2)胁迫下蓝藻UV-B屏障物质的影响。结果显示,外源过氧化氢对藻体内的UV-B屏蔽物质叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、伪枝藻素、藻胆蛋白以及MAAs等的合成和积累产生负效应,进一步加剧了UV-B对藻体的损害,同时也表明H2O2能够作为信号分子在蓝藻对逆境胁迫的适应过程中发挥作用。     

二花脸猪及其杂种猪的肥育性能与胴体肉质

为探明二花脸种群与新引进的外种猪杂交利用的效果，试验以二花脸纯种为对照，分别对大约克猪×二花脸（大×二）、长白猪×二花脸（长×二）及杜洛克猪×二花脸（杜×二）杂种猪进行肥育与屠宰测定。结果表明：3个杂交组合中大×二的日增重585 g，料重比3.15，肥育性能相对较好；长×二组合的背膘厚2.8 cm，眼肌面积40.3 cm2，瘦肉率53.6%，胴体性状相对较好；杜×二组合的失水率33.2%，低于长×二（P〈0.05）和大×二组合（P＞0.05），肌内脂肪含量3.2%，高于长×二（P＞0.05）和大×二组合（P＞0.05），大理石纹评分3.19，肉色评分2.88，滴水损失等肉质指标也相对较好。3个杂交组合各有各的优点，在杂交生产中，可根据各地市场消费需求与养殖习惯选择相应的杂交组合。     

咸阳国际机场鸟撞事件评估及预防对策

为了预防和控制鸟撞事件频繁发生,保证飞行安全,作者采用了样线法对咸阳国际机场及周边的鸟类进行了为期1a的调查。结果表明,咸阳及周边地区共有鸟类152种,其中留鸟57种,占总数的37.5%;夏候鸟23种,占总数的15.1%;冬候鸟30种,占总数的19.7%;旅鸟42种,占总数的27.7%。优势种较少,种类包括麻雀、家燕和灰椋鸟,其中燕科鸟类撞机事件的发生率最高。本文就燕科鸟类撞机事件发生规律加以分析并进一步根据具体情况从生态学角度提出了鸟撞灾害生态防治的对策。     

蓝鹇免疫流感疫苗后抗体消长研究

杭州动物园从北京动物园引进5对蓝鹇种源。日常食物主要是青菜、稻谷、家鸡用颗粒料、少量苹果。饲养过程中发生的主要疾病有细菌性肠炎、发情期的雄性打斗后的外伤等。杭州动物园经过精心饲养,3a繁殖达60多只。蓝鹇在杭州动物园的饲养和繁殖是全国人工饲养繁殖最好,且是全国最大人工种群。由于没有蓝鹇等野禽专用禽流感疫苗,杭州动物园使用家禽禽流感疫苗对蓝鹇进行禽流感免疫。根据家禽的禽流感免疫方法,每年对蓝鹇进行2次禽流感疫苗免疫,由于它的飞翔能力较强,每次免疫进行捕捉时均会乱飞,有时还会造成应激死亡,但最终免疫结果是否有效也未曾进行过检测。本研究中蓝鹇流感疫苗抗体检测采用的方法是：禽流感病毒H5抗体酶联免疫（ELISA）的检测方法。结果证明家禽流感疫苗对蓝鹇有效,经胸部肌肉注射0．5ml／次,每4个月肌注1次,每年免疫3次。雏鹇首免应在出壳后第8天、第9天或第10天。     

不同精粗比日粮对山羊生产性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵的影响

在相同蛋能比和钙磷比下,研究不同精粗比全混合日粮对努比亚山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵的影响.选择健康、体重相近的2月龄努比亚山羊母羊36只,随机分为3组,每组12只羊,分别饲喂精粗比为40:60(L)、50:50(M)和60:40(H)的全混合日粮.试验期70 d.结果表明:1)正试期第14天,L组山羊的平均日...     

Use of internal splinting to realign a noncompliant sternum in a cat with pectus excavatum

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 5.5-month-old female domestic longhair cat was examined because of dorsal deviation of the caudal aspect of the sternum and progressively worsening dyspnea during play activities. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A diagnosis of pectus excavatum was made clinically and confirmed radiographically. The cardiac silhouette was shifted into the right hemithorax. The vertebral index (VI) and frontosagittal index (FSI), which are radiographic indices used to grade the extent of the deformity, were 5.2 and 3.0, respectively. Minimum thoracic height was 13 mm at this time. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The sternal malposition was corrected during surgery; for stabilization, an internal splint was provided by use of a plate that was applied to the ventral side of the sternum. Radiographic indices improved until day 85; at that time, an increase in the distance between plate and sternum was detected, and plate removal was advised. The radiographic indices improved again after plate removal. At 310 days after surgery, VI was 9.6, FSI was 1.6, and minimum thoracic height was 34 mm. No dyspnea was evident during physical examination. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of treatment suggest that this technique may be useful as an alternative surgical option for cats with pectus excavatum that have a noncompliant sternum.