模糊控制在智能湿度仪上的应用

针对农业生产及温室中湿度控制非线性、延时性及无法建立数学模型等特点,提出了一款基于模糊控制的智能湿度仪.同时,根据湿度控制特定的设计需求,以黄瓜为例设计了一款模糊控制器,总结了数据和专家经验,得出合理的模糊规则.在MATLAB上进行了模糊控制的效果评估,以检测其规则及控制效果,并使用MATLAB的Simulink工具箱建立系统的动态模型对系统进行仿真.仿真结果表明,基于模糊控制的智能湿度仪具有良好的鲁棒性和动态性较好,具有较高的推广应用价值和农业生产价值.     

基于分段控制策略的温室智能测控系统设

以PID算法和模糊控制理论相结合的分段控制理论为控制策略,嵌入温室作物生长模型和栽培专家知识,基于RS485总线,设计了一个分布式温室智能测控系统,对温室生产环境因子进行实时监测、分析、智能决策输出,调节温室控制设备,创造最佳的温室作物生长环境条件.实践证明,分段控制算法使控制输出准确跟踪设置值.     

刍动控制在联合收割机中的应用及其发展趋势

概述了自动控制在联合收割机中的应用,提出了自动控制在联合收割机的发展方向为新兴的智能模糊控制,指出了我国目前收割机自动控制应走集中控制与分散监测相结合的道路。     

自动车辆无级变速传动系统模糊控制策略研究

模糊控制策略的优劣决定着车辆传动系统自动控制的品质。本文基于金属带－行星齿轮无级变速传动系统，采用专家模糊控制方法，实现车辆起步的动力学仿真计算。控制结果表明：传动系统对车体造成的冲击度低于10m/s^3的国际设计标准。     

大田智能灌溉技术研究现状及发展趋势

本文围绕当前智能农业灌溉的主要技术水平,分析了无线电和传感器灌溉网络控制技术的实际应用发展现状,结合具体应用案例,对模糊控制网络技术和专家系统控制技术在我国现代农业智能灌溉系统中的技术应用前景进行了深入分析,并重点展望了未来高效率的智能农业灌溉网络技术的主要发展研究方向.     

模糊控制在温室温湿度控制系统中的应用

温室环境参数的调节与控制是保证作物高产、稳产和提高经济效益的前提.通过对模糊控制算法的研究,确定了温室温湿度控制系统的输入输出变量,建立了有效的隶属度函数、模糊控制规则和模糊控制表,采用查表法进行模糊推理,实现了温室的温度与湿度自动控制,使温室达到作物生长的最佳环境.     

自动变速器模糊换挡及其控制理论研究

以结构简单、传动效率高的电控机械自动变速器(AMT)为研究对象,引入模糊控制技术,将经验知识和数学过程结合起来,根据专家经验建立模糊控制规则,依据自动变速器的实际工况确定输入和输出参数,并对输入量进行模糊化和模糊推理,对输出量进行解模得到模糊控制表,以实现对自动变速器的换挡决策控制.最后进行模糊控制仿真,仿真结果表明,基于模糊控制的机械自动变速器(AMT)对于不同的驾驶条件和运行工况均具有较理想的换挡品质和较强的适应能力.     

智能化技术在电气自动化控制中的应用分析

智能技术发展为电气自动化领域带来了新机遇,优化了电气工作效率与技术水平.笔者以智能技术概述为切入点,分析了电气自动化控制中应用智能技术,能够达到优化资源配置、提高产品质量、优化产业效能的效果,在此基础上,结合智能技术神经网络、专家控制系统、模糊控制等方式,提出应用方法及优化措施,为相关工作者提供参考.     

联合收获机前进速度灰色预测模糊控制系统

分析了联合收获机的工作过程,针对其工作过程中的非线性、时变、大滞后特性,提出了采用灰色预测模糊控制方法对联合收获机的前进速度进行自动控制,使其负荷保持稳定.分析了预测控制和模糊控制相结合的必要性和重要性,设计了基于灰色预测模糊控制的联合收获机前进速度控制装置,建立了灰色预测模糊控制模型,并进行了仿真和试验.仿真结果表明,运用灰色预测模糊控制算法能使控制系统的调整时间更短、超调量更小、控制性能更加优越.     

基于遗传算法的柴油机自适应智能调速控制系统

介绍了利用智能控制技术和计算机控制技术设计的车用柴油机自适应智能调控控制系统，该系统将人工智能中的神经网络控制技术，模糊控制 技术和遗传算法有机地结合起来，用单片机实现对柴油机转速的自适应智能自动控制，试验表明，这种控制系统具有较高的自学习性和鲁棒性，控制精度高、速度快。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。