反刍动物口蹄疫ELISA诊断试剂盒质量检测

利用参考血清,按试剂盒标明的使用方法,对上海优耐特生物医药有限公司提供的3批反刍动物口蹄疫病毒VP1结构蛋白抗体和3批反刍动物口蹄疫病毒NS非结构蛋白抗体ELISA诊断试剂盒的敏感性和特异性分别进行检测.结果表明,2种试剂盒的敏感性和特异性均符合相关标准的规定.     

猪轮状病毒概述

轮状病毒（Porcine Rotavirus，PRV）属呼肠孤病毒科（Reoviridae）轮状病毒属（Rotavirus）成员，是引起幼龄仔猪病毒性腹泻的主要病源之一。目前尚无治疗RV感染的有效药物，对于发病动物，可以对症治疗以及采取措施防止脱水和酸中毒等等。预防该病的有效方法是加强饲养管理和在准确诊断基础上的有效疫苗接种。     

轮状病毒疫苗的研究进展

轮状病毒(RV)是引起全球婴幼儿腹泻的主要病源之一,它不仅在发展中国家流行,也在发达国家流行.有研究表明改变卫生条件并不能有效制止轮状病毒的传播.疫苗接种是唯一可行的预防控制轮状病毒较高发病率和死亡率的方法,因此轮状病毒疫苗的研发具有非常重要的现实意义.论文针对近几年来研发的轮状病毒疫苗作一综述.     

禽轮状病毒研究进展

轮状病毒是引起禽类病毒性腹泻的重要病原。临床上表现为拉稀、消瘦。近年国外已对该病毒进行了大量研究,国内此方面的工作还较少,但随着我国养禽业从数量型向质量型的转换,此病已经引起了国内兽医界与养禽业工作者的重视。     

牛轮状病毒研究进展

牛轮状病毒(Bovine rotavirus,BRV)是导致新生犊牛腹泻的主要病原之一,给养牛业造成一定的损失。本文从BRV感染机制、流行情况、预防措施、种间传播及人畜共患病的影响几方面加以综述,为BRV感染犊牛的研究提供有效的依据。     

轮状病毒疫苗的研究进展

轮状病毒（RV）是引起全球婴幼儿腹泻的主要病源之一,它不仅在发展中国家流行,也在发达国家流行。有研究表明改变卫生条件并不能有效制止轮状病毒的传播。疫苗接种是唯一可行的预防控制轮状病毒较高发病率和死亡率的方法,因此轮状病毒疫苗的研发具有非常重要的现实意义。论文针对近几年来研发的轮状病毒疫苗作一综述。     

Rotavirus infection in calves in Bangladesh

Faecal samples from 434 calves under 1 year of age (307 diarrhoeal and 127 normal) were collected from three dairy farms and one village in selected areas of Bangladesh. The samples were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of rotavirus antigen. Of 402 dairy calves tested, 28 (7.0%) were positive, of which 21 (7.2%) were from diarrhoeic calves and 7 (6.3%) from non-diarrhoeic calves. Rotavirus infection varied from farm to farm (2.7–9.2%) and there was no positive response from any of the 32 village calves. Rotavirus was most commonly found in calves of 1 week of age or less (up to 22.2% in one group) but was not found in any calves later than 6 months of age. More than 80% of rotavirus-positive samples from diarrhoeic calves exhibited a titre of 128 or more (geometric mean 345±4.5), whereas non-diarrhoeal calves had titres less than or equal to 128 (geometric mean=29±1.9), suggesting that rotavirus infection in calves in Bangladesh was mostly associated with diarrhoea.     

轮状病毒转基因植物疫苗的研究进展

轮状病毒病是引起人和动物肠胃炎的一种传染病,发病率和死亡率较高,至今没有特效药可以治疗,传统疫苗预防效果不佳。随着生物技术的不断发展,一种新型的转基因植物疫苗有望解决这个难题。人类和动物食用了这种转基因植物之后,就可以获得抗体,产生免疫力,以预防此病。     

禽轮状病毒的分离鉴定及部分特性研究

从北京某自然腹泻的鸡场 中成功地分离到一伯禽轮状病毒,并经鸡胚单层肝细胞和ＭＡ１０４细胞进行了传代培养,对其生物学特性作了部分研究,从而为我国禽轮状毒的毒株鉴定、诊断及疫苗等系列研究提供了一定依据。     

Bovine Fetal Inoculations with Calf Rotavirus

The serological and histopathological responses of bovine fetuses to in utero inoculation with virulent and attenuated strains of the calf rotavirus (reovirus-like agent of neonatal calf diarrhea) are described. Thirteen bovine fetuses, 63 to 190 days of gestation, were inoculated in utero with attenuated (three fetuses) or field strain virus (nine fetuses) or both (one fetus).

Serum-neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 1:16 to > 1:256 were detected in six of eight fetuses tested, demonstrating the ability of the bovine fetus to respond immunologically to this agent. The youngest fetus in the series was inoculated at 63 days of gestation and developed a titer of 128 in 64 days. This represents the earliest stage of gestation at which a bovine fetus has been inoculated with a bovine virus and found to produce antibody to it. Serum neutralizing titers in six of the eight dams tested increased significantly following the inoculations of their fetuses in utero.

Histological changes associated with viral replication and antigenic stimulation of the lymphoreticular system were observed. Pneumonic lesions consisting of both local and diffuse lymphoreticular proliferation were present in five of the nine fetuses that were alive at slaughter. Gliosis and perivascular cuffing were noted in the brains of two of these fetuses and meningitis was seen in one. No evidence of teratogenic change was found.

     

轮状病毒分子生物学研究进展

轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)是引起婴幼儿和多种幼龄动物非细菌性腹泻病的主要病原之一,全世界每年因该病所引起人和动物死亡数量众多,并造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,世界卫生组织呼吁将RV疫苗的研制列为最优先发展的疫苗项目之一。对RV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,旨在为更好地开展轮状病毒相关基因的实验室研究提供基础。     

兔轮状病毒病的诊治

某肉兔养殖场幼兔发生了一起以水样腹泻为主要特征的疫病,通过对病死兔的临床症状和病理剖检观察、RT-PCR检测、动物回归试验等确诊为该兔场发生了兔轮状病毒的感染,通过采取一系列治疗措施,疫情得到了控制。     

Rotavirus infections in calves in dairy herds

Neonatal calf diarrhoea was studied in 115 calves of one dairy herd from January 1976 to June 1977. Two syndromes could be distinguished: a mild and short lasting 'early diarrhoea' within the first three days of life and a usually more severe 'late diarrhoea' from the fourth to the 14th day of life. The latter type of diarrhoea occurred almost exclusively during the first half of the year. Thirty-four out of 45 calves with late diarrhoea excreted rotaviruses, whereas only one of 34 calves with early diarrhoea excreted virus. In addition, rotavirus excretion was found in 11 calves that either remained healthy or had recovered from diarrhoea before virus was first detected. Similar findings were obtained in the spring of 1978 but in addition bovine coronavirus was recovered from four calves with late diarrhoea and from three healthy calves. One faecal sample obtained from a calf with diarrhoea on day 2 yielded K99+ Escherichia coli. Nearly all cows excreted rotavirus-specific antibodies in their colostrum but no relationship was found between the initial colostral antibody titre against rotavirus and the development of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in the calf.     

猪轮状病毒病实验室诊断技术

猪轮状病毒病是由轮状病毒感染引起的仔猪暴发消化道机能紊乱的一种急性肠道传染病,对养猪业造成了严重的威胁。对其病原学和血清学诊断技术进行阐述,以期为该病的防治工作提供科学合理的依据。     

Rotavirus and coronavirus associated diarrohoea in calves

A virological survey was carried out on 150 calf faeces from 30 central North Island properties, utilising electron miscroscopic examination of ultracentrifuged faecal pellets. Rotaviruses were detected on three farms, and coronavirus-like particles on two farms.

In the same area, three other properties with past histories of rotavirus infection were also studied. Weekly examination of faeces from 10 calves from each property over a period of 5 weeks demonstrated that rotavirus excretion commenced at the same time as the onset of outbreaks of diarrhoea. On two of these rotavirus-positive farms, coronaviruses were also detected. At one farm, this coincided with rotavirus excretion and diarrhoea, and was associated with a more severe clinical disease but, on the other property, the coronavirus was unassociated with clinical disease. A similar study, carried out on a further property with a past history of coronavirus infection, showed that coronavirus excretion commenced simultaneously with the onset of an outbreak of diarrhoea. The virus was, however, detected in small numbers in 1 of 10 calves only.

The results of the survey, coupled with previously gathered data, indicate that both viruses may be widespread in the cattle population. On some properties, rotavirus had a clear association with diarrhoea, but the relationship of coronavirus to diarrhoea was less well-established.     

猪A群轮状病毒的分离与鉴定

目前国内对猪轮状病毒的研究较少,作者旨在对猪A群轮状病毒进行分离与鉴定,为后续猪轮状病毒致病机理和分子生物学特性研究奠定基础.用胰蛋白酶处理RT-PCR检测猪A群轮状病毒病原阳性的临床腹泻粪样,然后接种长成单层的MA-104细胞,进行病毒分离传代.再对分离毒株进行常规RT-PCR鉴定和电镜观察,并对分离毒株的VP6、VP7和VP8基因进行测序及序列分析.结果成功分离猪A群轮状病毒TM-a株,经序列同源性分析发现,与TM-a株VP6、VP7和VP8基因同源性最高的毒株分别为中国北京人源LL3354株、印度人源RMC321株和日本野猪源GUB-71株,其相似性为96.0％、95.1％和97.0％.该TM-a株轮状病毒不同基因表现出与人源轮状病毒和猪源轮状病毒的高度同源性,推测猪A群轮状病毒可能在人畜间传播,发生基因重组现象.