变型拖拉机主要技术参数研究

由手扶拖拉机变型而来的变型拖拉机 ,具有较好的动力性、制动性、操纵性和稳定性 ,运输速度也大大提高 ,因而在湖南省农村地区的应用日益广泛。本文分析了湖南省生产的变型拖拉机的结构和主要技术参数 ,讨论了动力配备、最小转向直径和载荷分配等问题 ,为变型拖拉机的合理设计提供了理论依据     

湖南省变型拖拉机发展的环境分析与对策

分析了变型拖拉机发展的政策环境、市场环境、产品趋势及产业趋势 ,针对湖南省变型拖拉机发展中存在的问题 ,提出在技术创新和改造、产品结构及发展战略以及行业服务和管理等方面的方法和对策。     

湖南省变型拖拉机发展的环境分析与对策

分析了变型拖拉机发展的政策环境、市场环境、产品趋势及产业趋势,针对湖南省变型拖拉机发展中存在的问题,提出在技术创新和改造、产品结构及发展战略以及行业服务和管理等方面的方法和对策.     

拖拉机变型运输机的过去及现状

近年来，随着农村经济的发展，农用运输机械有了很大变化，农用运输车、拖拉机机组及拖拉机变型运输机组成了农村三大运输机械，其中拖拉机变型运输机的发展最为迅猛。目前已由南方几个省的手扶拖拉机厂、挂车厂生产折腰转向拖拉机，扩大到不少农用车制造厂及其它一些非拖拉机企业生产各种型式的变型运输机，全国生产变型机的企业由南到北，从东到西蓬勃发展。一、拖拉机变型运输机的过去８０年代中期，当农用运输车开始发展的时候，拖拉机变型运输机的研制也起步了。最初是由手扶拖拉机机组（手扶拖拉机＋挂车）演变成方向盘式拖拉机，有的…     

农用变型拖拉机由农机部门上户管理

近来有许多县市乡镇农机站及农机专业户 ,询问农用变型拖拉机到底由哪个部门上户和实施安全监理的问题 ,现具体答覆如下 :根据农业部第 35号令发布施行的《农用拖拉机及驾驶员安全监理规定》、《湖南省农业机械管理条例》第一条、第二条和第二十五条等条款的规定 ,拖拉机变型运输机属于农用拖拉机范畴 ,对拖拉机变型运输机实施上户管理 ,是农机部门的职责。只要此种机型获得了农业部颁发的《农业机械推广许可证》、并在《证》上标明为拖拉机变型运输机 ,或列入公布农用变型拖拉机鉴定机型目录的 ,即可认定为拖拉机变型运输机 ,应由农机部门…     

变型拖拉机是农村小康社会建设的重要力量

随着改革开放的进一步深化，富裕起来或正在走向富裕的农民已抛弃传统的“日出而作，日落而息”的生活方式。许多农民购买了变型拖拉机搞运输发家致富，变型拖拉机也由此走上了发展的快车道。90年代中后期发展起来的变型拖拉机已完全     

湖南省农机局颁发农业机械推广许可证公告(五)

产品名称:强力-18Y变型拖拉机许可证号:湘20030407017颁证单位:湖南省农业机械管理局企业名称:汉寿县强力拖拉机厂法人代表:徐强力企业地址:汉寿县城关镇龙阳大道邮政编码:415900联系电话:0736-2882776产品名称:湘西-18YA变型拖拉机许可证号:湘20030318012颁证单位:湖南省农业机械管理局企业名称:衡阳市蒸湘恒发拖拉机厂法人代表:许清端企业地址:衡阳市南三角线79号邮政编码:421008联系电话:0734-8434159产品名称:金雁18Y-1变型拖拉机许可证号:湘20030321015颁证单位:湖南省农业机械管理局企业名称:衡阳市金雁机械厂法人代表:杨承吉企业地…     

上道路拖拉机现状及存在问题分析

上道路拖拉机作为交通运输工具在农村建设中发挥了重要作用。但随着拖拉机的发展,拖拉机品名多样,变型拖拉机更是花样繁多,有叫变型拖拉机、手扶变型运输机、拖拉机变型运输机、五轮变型拖拉机、六轮变型拖拉机等。各省、市上牌目录标准也不一样,造成拖拉机管理工作混乱,对拖拉机道路交通带来了严重的事故隐患。根据当前上道路拖拉机管理现状,正视存在的问题,正确分析原因,更好地推进对上道路拖拉机的有效监管。     

变型拖拉机的发展趋势

随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立，农业机械化有了更广阔的发展前景，农业机械化的作用也越来越大，是广大农民从事农业生产，流通和各种经营必不可少的工具。　　目前从我市农业机械发展状况来看，已经形成有规模、有计划的发展，农业机械也不断在更新，大中型拖拉机，手扶拖拉机逐步被淘汰，为变型拖拉机拓展了市场，从原有的大中型拖拉机 1000多台，更新为变型拖拉机 1000多台，目前，还在不断增加。农民看到了变型拖拉机带来的好处。 (1)原购买大型拖拉机每台 6万多元，而变型车只需 2万多元。成本低。 (2)各方面税收也大大降低，实…     

关于建立拖拉机及变型拖拉机报废更新制度的思考与建议

近年来,拖拉机及变型拖拉机发展迅速,而国家对此类车辆报废年限尚无明确规定。文章分析了邳州市拖拉机及变型拖拉机管理状况及存在的问题,并就建立拖拉机及变型拖拉机报废更新制度提出对策与建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。