Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
CLINICAL VETERINARY ONCOLOGY. S. J. Withrow and E. Gregory MacEwen (eds).
A COLOUR ATLAS OF SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY. George T. Wilkinson.
CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY OF DOGS AND CATS. Ton Willemse.
A COLOR ATLAS OF SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY. Barbara A. Kummel.
VETERINARY CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. Richard E. W. Halliwell and Neil T. Gorman.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
CANINE CLINICAL PARASITOLOGY. Jay R. Georgi and Marion E. Georgi.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DERMATOLOGIC DISEASES 2nd Edition. N. A. Soter and H. P. Baden Eds.
ADVANCES IN DERMATOLOGY, VOLUME 7. Jeffrey P. Callen, Mark V. Dahl, Loren E. Golz, Hubert T. Greenway and Lawrence A. Schachner, eds.
DERMATOLOGY FOR THE SMALL ANIMAL PRACTITIONER: EXOTICS, FELINE, CANINE. Gene H. Nesbitt and Lowell J. Ackerman, eds.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, VOLUME 8. DERMATOLOGY. Gene H. Nisbett (ed). A COLOUR ATLAS OF EQUINE PARASITES Dennis E. Jacobs. SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY 4th Edition. George H. Muller, Robert W. Kirk and Danny W. Scott.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, VOLUME 8. DERMATOLOGY. Gene H. Nisbett (ed).
A COLOUR ATLAS OF EQUINE PARASITES Dennis E. Jacobs.
SMALL ANIMAL DERMATOLOGY 4th Edition. George H. Muller, Robert W. Kirk and Danny W. Scott.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
ANIMAL PAIN: PERCEPTION AND ALLEVIATION Eds R. L. Kitchell, H. H. Erickson, E. Carstens and L. E. Davis American Physiological Society, 1983
ATLAS OF SKIN DISEASES OF THE HORSE-DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN EQUINE DERMATOLOGY, pp. 202, illus. By Leopoldo F. Montes and J. Thomas Vaughan
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES, 2nd edn By D. L. Doxey Baillière Tindall
VETERINARY ANAESTHESIA, 8th edn By L. W. Hall and K. W. Clarke Baillière Tindall, London
VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS FROM THE SECOND CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY, TOULOUSE, 1983, pp. 838 Eds Yves Ruckebusch, Pierre-Louis Toutain and Gary D. Koritz MTP Press Limited, Lancaster     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
CURRENT VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY, THE SCIENCE AND ART OF THERAPY. Craig E. Griffin, Kenneth W. Kwochka and John M. MacDonald, eds.
DERMATOLOGY FOR THE SMALL ANIMAL PRACTITIONER EXOTICS, CANINE AND FELINE. G. H. Nesbitt and L. J. Ackerman.
SKIN TUMORS OF THE DOG AND CAT. M. H. Goldschmidt and F. S. Shofer.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
PRACTICAL EQUINE DERMATOLOGY 2nd Edition. Lowell J. Ackerman.
PRACTICAL FELINE DERMATOLOGY 2nd Edition. Lowell J. Ackerman.
PRACTICAL CANINE DERMATOLOGY 3rd Edition. Lowell J. Ackerman.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
ADVANCES IN DERMATOLOGY, VOLUME 6. Jeffrey P. Callen, Mark V. Dahl, Loren E. Golz, Hubert T. Greenway and Lawrence A. Schachner, eds.
FELINE PRACTICE. Edward Boden, ed.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
VETERINARY DERMATOPATHOLOGY. Thelma Lee Gross, Peter J. Ihrke and Emily J. Walder.
ESSENTIALS OF VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY 4th Edition. G. R. Carter and M. M. Chengappa.
MANUAL OF ORNAMENTAL FISH. Ray L. Butcher
MANUAL OF REPTILES. Peter H. Beynon, Martin P. C. Lawton and John E. Cooper.     

有机肥与化肥配施对低产田苜蓿产量、品质和经济效益的影响

采用田间试验,研究不同有机肥水平及配施化肥对低产田苜蓿的产量、营养品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,施肥对低产田苜蓿草产量具有显著影响(P0.05),不论单施有机肥还是配施磷钾肥,苜蓿产量均得到提高,有机肥配施磷钾肥的3个处理显著提高苜蓿产量,第1、2茬苜蓿产量均以处理OF3PK增产最高,与对照相比分别增加了278.16%、276.54%,与其余各处理间差异显著(P0.05)。有机肥与磷钾肥配施能明显改善苜蓿营养品质,其中,粗蛋白含量得到显著提高,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低,综合分析,处理OF3PK苜蓿营养品质最佳。产投比以处理OF2PK最高,OF3PK次之,均有较好的经济效益。通过对苜蓿产量、营养品质及经济效益的综合全面的分析,处理OF3PK在实际大田生产中更适合进行推广。     

Letter to the Editors

DISEASES OF THE THORAX – RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS. Peter F. Suter, Juan A. Gomez
RADIOLOGY OF SKELETAL DISEASE – PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS IN THE DOG. J. P. Morgan     

Dietary fiber for dogs: III. Effects of beet pulp and oat fiber additions to dog diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy, and digesta mean retention time.

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated oat hulls (termed oat fiber; OF) are nutritionally efficacious as a source of dietary fiber in meat-based dog foods. Thirty female English Pointers were assigned in a completely randomized design to isonitrogenous diets. Treatments were 1) control diet, 2) 7.5% added beet pulp (BP), and 3) 2.5, 4) 5.0, and 5) 7.5% added OF. Inclusion of 7.5% BP increased (P less than .05) DM intake and decreased (P less than .05) digestibility of DM and OM compared with the control. Dry matter intake increased (P less than .05) with increasing level of OF and digestibility of DM, OM, and total dietary fiber (TDF) decreased (P less than .05). Digestibility of DM, OM, and TDF were higher for dogs fed the 7.5% BP than for those fed the 7.5% OF treatment. Digestible energy, expressed as a percentage of GE, was greater for the control treatment than for the 7.5% BP treatment. A linear decrease in DE (percentage of GE) was noted as the concentration of OF increased, and the DE value (percentage of GE) for the 7.5% BP treatment was greater (P less than .05) than that for the 7.5% OF treatment. A linear decrease (P less than .05) was noted in ME, expressed as a percentage of GE, as the level of OF increased. Frequency of defecation and mean retention time were unaffected (P greater than .05) by treatment. Oat fiber was an effective substitute for BP in dog diets.     

A dose-response experiment evaluating the effects of oligofructose and inulin on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and fecal protein catabolites in healthy adult dogs

In this experiment, three concentrations (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% of diet, as-fed basis) of two fructans, oligofructose (OF) and inulin, were tested against a 0% supplemental fructan control. Seven ileal-cannulated adult female dogs were fed a meat-based, kibbled diet and assigned to treatments in a 7 x 7 Latin square design. Dietary supplementation of fructans had no effect on nutrient intakes or ileal digestibilities. Total-tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and CP decreased (P < 0.05) as a result of dietary OF and inulin supplementation. Dogs fed the control diet had a DM total-tract digestibility of 83.0%. The percentages of fecal DM for dogs fed the control and 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% OF were 36.6, 33.3, 32.8, and 31.7%, respectively. When compared with the control, OF (P < 0.01) and inulin (P < 0.01) supplementation increased fecal ammonia concentrations. Higher fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; P < 0.10) and isovalerate concentrations (P < 0.01) were noted for dogs fed both fructans. Total fecal SCFA for dogs fed the control diet and 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% OF were 406.4, 529.9, 538.3, and 568.8 micromol/g of feces (DM basis), respectively. Dogs fed 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% inulin had total fecal SCFA of 472.2, 468.8, and 471.5 micromol/g of feces (DM basis), respectively. Linear increases were observed in putrescine (P < 0.11), cadaverine (P < 0.07), spermidine (P < 0.12), and total amines (P < 0.05) in feces of dogs fed OF. Lower fecal phenol (P < 0.08) and total phenol (P < 0.04) concentrations occurred in dogs fed inulin, along with a linear decrease (P < 0.08) in total phenols with OF supplementation. Total fecal phenols for dogs fed the control, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% inulin were 3.03, 1.86, 1.97, and 2.23 micromol/g of feces (DM basis), respectively. Low-level dietary inclusion of inulin and OF positively affected indices known to be associated with gut health of the dog without seriously compromising nutrient digestibility or stool quality. Overall, the 0.9% OF treatment resulted in the best responses, including no adverse effect on nutrient intakes, ileal digestibilities, or stool quality, as well as increased fecal SCFA and decreased fecal phenols. The biological responses due to inulin were more variable.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
ANIMAL HEALTH PRODUCTS, DESIGN & EVALUATION, Ed. D. C. Monkhouse, G. C. BRANDER
DRUGS IN VETERINARY PRACTICE, J. S. Spinelli, L. R. Enos, LLOYD E. DAVIS
ADVERSE RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS DRUGS, J. Watkins, A. Milford Ward, A. T. YOXALL
PERSPECTIVES IN THE CONTROL OF PARASITIC DISEASE IN ANIMALS IN EUROPE SYMPOSIUM OF THE ASSOCITION OF VETERINARIANS IN INDUSTRY, Eds D. W. Jolly, J. M. Sommerville, E.J. L. SOULSBY     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
FIFTY YEARS OF ANTIMICROBIALS: PAST PERSPECTIVES AND FUTURE TRENDS. P. A. Hunter, G. K. Darby and N. J. Russell, eds.
PARASITIC INFECTIONS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS. A DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL. J. Kaufmann     

Effect of dietary energy supply and fat source on the fatty acid pattern of adipose and lean tissues and lipogenesis in the pig

Forty Large White barrows were used to determine whether the effects of dietary fat source (tallow or soy oil at 5% of the diet) on lipogenesis and fatty acid profile of porcine adipose and lean tissue were dependent on dietary digestible energy density (8.8 vs 14.0 MJ DE/kg). Barrows were allocated to one of four groups and offered a fixed amount of feed (170 g x BW0.569/d) from 27 to 105 kg BW. The fatty acid composition of the backfat layers (BF), omental fat (OF), and i.m. adipose tissue of longissimus muscle as well as the activity of lipogenic enzymes of the adipose tissues were determined. Growth performance and carcass characteristics were affected by the dietary energy level (P < 0.01) but not by fat source. In accordance with the lower carcass fat deposition, the activity of lipogenic enzymes were decreased in the low-energy groups (P < 0.01). Within dietary energy level, inclusion of soy oil resulted in increased proportion of PUFA that was compensated by decreased saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportions (P < 0.01). The SFA changes accounted for 23 (BF) and 24% (OF) of the PUFA changes in the high-energy and 31 (BF) and 39% (OF) in the low-energy diets. The differences in the fatty acid proportions between the soy oil and tallow group were more pronounced in the low-energy groups (fat source x energy density interactions: P < 0.01). Pigs fed the soy oil, low-energy diet had decreased SFA (BF: 28%; OF: 30%) and MUFA (BF: 13%; OF: 19%) concentration, whereas PUFA concentration was increased (BF: 59%; OF: 88%) compared with pigs fed the soy oil, high-energy diet. However, in the tallow groups, pigs fed the low-energy diets had slightly decreased SFA (BF: 14%; OF: 12%) and relatively constant MUFA (BF: 3%; OF: 1%), whereas PUFA concentration increased (BF: 39%; OF: 62%) relative to pigs fed the tallow high-energy diet. Lipid content of the i.m. adipose tissue was decreased in the low-energy groups (P < 0.05). Contrary to what was observed in the adipose tissues, increased PUFA concentration in the neutral and polar lipid fractions of the longissimus muscle was predominantly compensated by reduced MUFA deposition. In the polar lipid fraction, the proportions of both SFA and MUFA were decreased by the low-energy diet. Thus, the extent to which tissue concentration of fatty acids are altered from dietary fats differing in the degree of unsaturation depends on the dietary energy level.     

Nutrient digestibilities,microbial populations,and protein catabolites as affected by fructan supplementation of dog diets

Fructans are fermentable carbohydrates and include short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), inulin, and hydrolyzed inulin (oligofructose, OF). Two studies with dogs were designed to examine the effects of low concentrations of fructans on nutrient digestibilities, fecal microbial populations, and endproducts of protein fermentation, and fecal characteristics. In Exp. 1, 11 adult male beagles were fed corn-based, kibbled diets supplemented with or without OF to provide 1.9 +/- 0.6 g/d. Dietary inclusion of OF decreased (P < 0.05) nutrient digestibilities, but did not affect fecal characteristics. Increasing OF concentration tended (P < 0.06) to linearly decrease fecal ammonia concentrations, but not those of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), amines, indole, or phenols. Fecal concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and butyrate tended to be higher in OF-supplemented dogs (P < 0.10), as was the ratio of bifidobacteria to total anaerobes (P = 0.15). In Exp. 2, ileally cannulated adult female hounds were fed a meat-based kibbled diet and were assigned to four scFOS treatments (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/d) in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Ileal nutrient digestibilities tended to increase (P < 0.15) with increasing concentrations of scFOS. On a DMI basis, fecal output tended to decrease linearly (P < 0.10) in response to increasing scFOS supplementation, whereas fecal score tended to exhibit a quadratic response (P = 0.12). In general, fecal concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, phenols, and indoles were not altered by supplemental scFOS. Supplementation of scFOS increased fecal concentrations of total aerobes (P < 0.05) and decreased concentrations of Clostridium perfringens (P < 0.05). From these data, it seems that low levels of supplemental fructans have divergent effects on nutrient digestibility and fermentative endproducts, but do not adversely affect nutrient digestibility or fecal characteristics and may improve colonic microbial ecology in dogs.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
UNITED STATES LIVESTOCK SANITARY ASSOCIATION. P roceedings of the 57TH A nnual M eeting
THE TRACE ELEMENT CONTENT OF SOILS.     

Hereditary spectrin deficiency in Golden Retriever dogs

Spectrin deficiency with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility (OF) is a hallmark of hereditary spherocytosis, which is the most common congenital hemolytic anemia in humans of northern European ancestry. A radioimmunoassay revealed that erythrocyte spectrin concentration was 50-65% of normal in 5 adult Golden Retriever dogs, which had recovered from hemolytic anemia but whose OF had persistently remained increased. OF also was increased and spectrin concentration was decreased (60-73%) in 10 dogs of an apparently healthy family of 19 Golden Retrievers related to a proband. Pedigree analysis revealed autosomal dominant inheritance. In addition, OF was increased in 23 (17%) of 134 randomly chosen Golden Retrievers with nonhematologic diseases. In these Golden Retrievers, the spectrin concentration was decreased in 5 dogs with increased OF and within the reference range in 6 dogs with normal OF, indicating that in this population spectrin deficiency and increased OF are highly associated (P < .002). Considering these patients a representative sample of the Golden Retriever population in the Netherlands, spectrin deficiency may occur in 11.2-24.6% of Dutch Golden Retrievers (confidence level = 0.95). In blood smears, spherocytes were recognized only in dogs with immune-mediated anemia. At scanning electron microscopy, blood from spectrin-deficient Golden Retrievers showed slight crenation when fixed freshly but abundant echinospherocytes after 24 hours of incubation. We conclude that occult autosomal dominant spectrin deficiency occurs in dogs and is frequent in Dutch Golden Retrievers. It is not clear whether spectrin deficiency in Golden Retrievers may result in hemolytic anemia, as in humans.     

2种微生物药剂防治草原蝗虫的应用研究

为考察不同剂型金龟子绿僵菌对青海地区草原蝗虫的防治效果,开展绿僵菌油悬浮剂和绿僵菌可湿性粉剂对草原蝗虫的防治试验。绿僵菌油悬浮剂和绿僵菌可湿性粉剂各设置3个试验小区,分别为A1、A2、A3区和B1、B2、B3区,A1和B1区为平地,A2和B2区为上坡地,A3和B3区为下坡地,同时设CK对照区;于施药前及施药后第5、10、15、30天对各试验区进行草原蝗虫虫口密度调查,计算施药后第5、10、15、30天的虫口减退率,采用统计学方法对各试验区的草原蝗虫防治效果进行比较。结果表明：施药前各试验处理区的虫口密度与CK对照区差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,绿僵菌2种剂型施药后第5、10、15、30天,各处理区的虫口密度均显著低于CK对照区（P〈0.05）;施药后第10天,A2、A3区的虫口减退率显著高于B1、B2、B3区（P〈0.05）;施药后第15天,A1、A2、A3区的虫口减退率显著高于B1、B2、B3区（P〈0.05）;施药后第30天,6个处理区的虫口减退率均高于65%,绿僵菌油悬浮剂在下坡地施药效果最佳,虫口减退率达到71.86%。总体来看,绿僵菌油悬浮剂的防治效果略优于绿僵菌可湿性粉剂,且施药于下坡地时防治效果更佳。金龟子绿僵菌2种剂型都具有一定的水平扩散能力,施药当年控制草原蝗虫持续效果较显著。