不同油脂对填饲后朗德鹅产肝性能及胸肉中氨基酸含量的影响

采用单因子设计方案,将体重4.5~5.0 kg健康朗德鹅450只随机分成3组,其中Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别为试验组,每组150只,组内3个重复。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在超饲养饲粮基础上分别添加2%的鹅油、2%豆油和2%玉米油,研究不同油脂对朗德鹅产肝性能及胸肌中氨基酸成分的影响。结果:肥肝均重和肝体比Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组间差异显著(P(0.05),但Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);料肝比Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组均低于Ⅰ组,但差异不显著(P>0.05),其中Ⅰ组最高,Ⅱ组最低,Ⅲ组介于二者之间。试验组与对照组各组胸肌水分、蛋白质和脂肪差异均不显著(P>0.05),试验组间差异也不显著(P>0.05);各组胸肌氨基酸含量试验组与对照组间均差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组间差异也不显著(P>0.05)。结论:植物油组产肝性能明显优于动物油组,其中豆油组肥肝性能最佳。     

动植物油对鸭肥肝生成的作用研究

目前,有关添加不同油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能影响的研究报道很少。为此;试验通过比较添加动植物油脂填饲对鸭产肝性能的影响差异,并研究LPL活性在这种差异影响中的作用,以探讨不同油脂影响鸭肥肝生成效应的作用机制。     

不同填肥期对江西丰城灰鹅产肝性能的影响

<正> 为探讨本地灰鹅肥肝生产性能,为今后与国外肝用鹅种配套杂交,进行大规模肥肝生产提供科学技术依据,特进行本试验。材料与方法本试验于1991年元月10日开始至2月11日结束,全期共计32天,试验期室温2～10℃,湿度84%～98%,多为阴雨天气。     

不同饲养方式对骡鸭肥肝的影响

应用番鸭作父本与北京鸭作母本的种间杂交后代──骡鸭进行鸭肥肝生产性能研究,测定了骡鸭在笼养和地面平养条件下对肥肝生产性能的影响,结果表明：笼养组骡鸭的肥肝重极显著地高于地面平养组（490．0g与391.1g,P＜0．01）,料肝比笼养组也显著低于地面平养组（25．45：1与44．48：1,P＜0．01）,屠宰性能差异不显著。     

添加不同油脂对朗德鹅超饲养期肥肝与生产性能的影响

试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在超饲养饲粮基础上分别添加2%玉米油、2%豆油、2%猪油和2%的鱼油,研究不同油脂对朗德鹅填饲3周后肥肝生产性能、肝外脂肪沉积的影响。试验结果:①肥肝均重方面,Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组间差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异极显著(P<0.01),Ⅳ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);肝体比和肝屠比两植物油组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组)与Ⅳ组间差异显著(P<0.05),与Ⅲ组间差异不显著(P>0.05);料肝比Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组均低于Ⅳ组,但前三组差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅰ和Ⅳ间差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅳ组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。其比例排序为Ⅳ组>Ⅲ组>Ⅰ组>Ⅱ组。②屠宰性能方面,屠宰率、全净膛重、全净膛率等指标各组差异均不显著(P>0.05)。屠体重Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组差异显著(P<0.05)。③腹脂重、腹脂率植物油组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ组)与动物油组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)间差异显著(P<0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论:植物油组产肝性能优于动物油组,而在填饲饲粮中添加豆油可使肥肝产肝性能最佳,腹脂沉积最少。     

饲粮代谢能水平对樱桃谷种鸭产蛋性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对樱桃谷种鸭产蛋性能的影响。选取29周龄樱桃谷种鸭4 980只,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复332只(公鸭57只,母鸭275只)。5组试验鸭分别饲喂代谢能水平为11.08、11.29、11.50、11.71和11.92 MJ/kg的试验饲粮。试验期为19周(29～47周龄)。结果表明:种鸭的产蛋率、只产蛋数和只产合格蛋数组间差异不显著(P>0.05),但均以代谢能水平为11.29 MJ/kg的组最高。饲粮代谢能水平对种鸭合格蛋率和畸形蛋率的影响差异显著(P<0.05),随着饲粮代谢能水平的升高,合格蛋率线性降低(P<0.05),畸形蛋率线性上升(P<0.05)。各组间破蛋率和双黄蛋率均差异不显著(P>0.05),但以代谢能水平为11.08 MJ/kg的组破蛋率最低,代谢能水平为11.29 MJ/kg的组双黄蛋率最低。随着饲粮代谢能水平的升高,种蛋受精率呈二次曲线降低(P<0.05),而种鸭死淘率呈线性上升(P<0.05)。由此得出,饲粮代谢能水平在11.08～11.29 MJ/kg范围内时,樱桃谷种鸭可获得较佳的产蛋性能。     

鸭肥肝的生产技术

禽类肝脏合成脂肪的能力远比哺乳动物强,水禽在脂肪组织中合成的脂肪数量只占5%~10%,而在肝脏中合成的脂肪却占90%~95%,这是水禽肝脏能迅速肥大的主要原因。一般正常鸭肝约重50~70g,而肥肝可达500g以上。鸭肥肝的生产应掌握以下关键技术：1品种的选择和杂交鸭肥肝的性能存在着品种间的差异,遗传力高（一般为0.47~0.63）、配合力好的杂交鸭的肥肝性能明显优于纯种鸭。生产实践证明,     

填饲饲粮对水禽肥肝形成的影响

甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)的沉积可能是水禽肥肝形成的重要原因,而很多因素均与TG的积累密切相关。本文从水禽肥肝组织学特征、肝脏内脂肪酸代谢途径以及不同营养素对肥肝脂肪代谢的影响方面,详细综述了肥肝形成的可能机制及最新研究进展。     

樱桃谷鸭肥肝性能试验

本试验选择６０天龄淘汰鸭、９０天龄后备鸭、４７天龄商品鸭各８０只,经过１４天填饲后测定各组的肥肝性能。结果表明,淘汰鸭组肝均重３６９．３ｇ,后备鸭组为３３８．４ｇ,商品鸭为３１４．７ｇ,３个组的料肝比分别为３１．４６：１,２７．０７：１,２６．４１：１,肝重占体重分别为６．９３％、７．２６％、７．６４％,最大肝重达６８０ｇ,试期内伤残淘汰率为１．２５％。     

填饲能量相同时不同油脂对肉鸭肥肝质量的影响

本研究旨在探讨填饲能量相同条件下,大豆油和鱼油对樱桃谷肉鸭产肝性能和肥肝品质的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选用60只体重一致的8周龄樱桃谷肉公鸭,随机分成3个处理,每个处理20个重复,每个重复1只鸭.填饲期为21 d,第1～7天3个处理均填饲玉米饲粮,第8～21天处理1填饲玉米饲粮,处理2和处理3分别填饲在玉米饲粮中添加3%大豆油和3%鱼油的饲粮,各处理填饲能量相同.结果表明:产肝性能随填饲时间延长而提高(P<0.01);填饲3周后,鱼油组平均肝重301.89 g、料肝比37.25、肝体比5.15,均与玉米组和大豆油组差异极显著(P<0.01);鱼油组肥肝的粗脂肪含量极显著高于玉米组和大豆油组(P<0.01);肝脏组织切片表明,随着填饲时间增加,肝脏中脂肪滴增加,且鱼油组脂肪滴最多、最大,表现融合;鱼油组和大豆油组均可极显著降低肥肝中的饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.01),提高不饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.01),特别是鱼油能提高二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量(P<0.01),大豆油可提高亚油酸和亚麻酸含量(P<0.01).以上结果可以看出,在填饲能量相同条件下,填饲第8～21天添加鱼油可提高樱桃谷肉鸭的产肝性能和肥肝品质;添加大豆油对产肝性能无显著影响,但可调控肝脏脂肪酸组成.     

脂肪肝鸭重要实质器官病理损伤观察

对8只脂肪肝综合征病鸭的重要内脏器官进行病理学观察。结果表明,病鸭肝脏明显肿大,色黄,质脆易碎,切面色黄、结构模糊、有明显油腻感,有的还有程度不等的瘀血、出血,表面和切面可见散在点状或斑状出血,严重时肝脏边缘部有较大范围出血。镜检发现,肝细胞普遍脂肪变性,胞浆内有数量不等的脂肪小滴,甚至整个细胞为脂肪充满,细胞核被挤压到一侧,严重者导致肝细胞坏死,肝小叶及周围有程度不等的出血。除肝脏外,其他实质器官也有程度不等变性、坏死等病变。     

两种酶制剂与三种益生菌协同对种鸭生产性能的影响

本研究旨在探究酶和益生菌对不同周龄种鸭生产性能的影响。选取33周龄和70周龄樱桃谷肉种鸭各4棚,设置酶加益生菌制剂组(菌酶复合组)、酶制剂组、菌制剂组、对照组共4组。前三组按照500 g/t的剂量分别加入酶加益生菌制剂、酶制剂、菌制剂,对照组饲喂基础饲粮。饲喂周期46 d。统计各组种蛋的平均蛋重、可孵率、正品率、破蛋率、无精蛋率、孵化率。试验结果表明,1)蛋重:不同周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组差异不显著(P<0.05),与菌剂组和对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05)。2)可孵率、无精蛋率:不同周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组和菌剂组无显著差异(P>0.05),与对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05)。3)正品率:70周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组无明显差异(P>0.05),与菌剂组和对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05);33周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组、菌剂组和对照组均无明显差异(P>0.05)。4)破蛋率:不同周龄菌酶复合组与菌剂组无明显差异(P>0.05),与酶剂组和对照组均有明显差异(P<0.05)。5)无精蛋率:不同周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组、菌剂组均无显著差异(P>0.05),与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。6)孵化率:70周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组、菌剂组均无显著差异(P>0.05),与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);33周龄菌酶复合组与酶剂组无显著差异(P>0.05),与菌剂组和对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。上述研究结果表明:酶与益生菌联合应用能够有效的延缓高周龄种鸭生产性能的衰退,同时还能够促进低周龄种鸭生产性能的升高。     

加工工艺对饲料营养价值及动物生产性能的影响

饲料是畜禽生产上开支最大的一项，在我国饲料支出约占总成本的６５％～７０％，通过恰当的加工方法可以获得较好的经济效益。饲料加工的目的正是为了充分发挥饲料营养价值的潜力，提高产品质量和饲养效果。饲料加工对动物营养的影响一直是饲料加工工艺学家和动物营养学家关心的问题，将加工工艺学和动物营养学有机结合起来能够更大提高动物生产性能。１粉碎粉碎的主要目的是增加饲料接触消化酶的表面积，以使之更易于消化，这也是饲料搅拌、制粒和接受其它处理所必需的。目前许多研究结果表明：粉碎对饲料营养价值和畜禽的生产性能有明显的…     

盐霉素对肉鸭生产性能影响的研究

将２４０只１日龄樱桃谷鸭随机分成４组,每组６０只,组内设二个重复。Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加２５０ｐｐｍ（ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,５００ｐｐｍ和１０００ｐｐｍ盐霉素预混剂,Ⅳ组为对照组,喂基础日粮,试验６周。结果表明：各处理组鸭的死淘率均低于对照组鸭;添加盐霉素各组鸭的平均体重均高于对照组,Ⅱ组极显著高于对照组,显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅲ组,Ⅰ,Ⅲ组显著高于对照组;料重比以Ⅱ组最优,说明在肉鸭饲料中添加５００ｐｐ     

低能饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生长性能和肠道内环境的影响

将216只1日龄健康樱桃谷肉公鸭随机分成3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只。处理1喂正对照基础饲粮,处理2喂负对照基础饲粮（降低能量水平）,处理S喂负对照基础饲粮加1860μg／kg的木聚糖酶。试验结果表明。在低能量饲粮中添加木聚糖酶可显著降低1～14．日龄肉鸭的料肉比（P〈0．05）,显著降低7日龄盲肠酸度（P〈0.05）,肉鸭生长性能可达到高能量饲粮的饲养效果．而各处理间的平均日增重和肠道相对黏度无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。     

Dietary L‐arginine supplement alleviates hepatic heat stress and improves feed conversion ratio of Pekin ducks exposed to high environmental temperature

The current intensive indoor production system of commercial Pekin ducks never allows adequate water for swimming or wetting. Therefore, heat stress is a key factor affecting health and growth of ducks in the hot regions and season. Experiment 1 was conducted to study whether heat stress was deleterious to certain organs of ducks. Forty‐one‐day‐old mixed‐sex Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to four electrically heated battery brooders comprised of 10 ducks each. Ducks were suddenly exposed to 37 °C ambient temperature for 3 h and then slaughtered, in one brooder at 21 days and in another brooder at 49 days of age. The results showed that body weight and weight of immune organs, particularly liver markedly decreased in acute heat stress ducks compared with the control. Experiment 2 was carried out to investigate the influences of dietary L‐arginine (Arg) supplement on weight and compositions of certain lymphoid organs, and growth performance in Pekin ducks, under daily cyclic hot temperature environment. A total of 151‐day‐old mixed‐sex Pekin ducks were randomly divided into one negative control and two treatment groups, fed experimental diets supplemented with 0, 5, and 10 g L‐Arginine (L‐Arg)/kg to the basal diet respectively. Ducks were exposed to cyclic high temperature simulating natural summer season. The results showed that the addition of L‐Arg improves feed conversion ratio (FCR) during a period of 7‐week trial, as well as increases hepatic weight relative to body weight at 21 days, while decreases the hepatic water content at 49 days of age. This study indicated that the liver was more sensitive to acute heat stress, and the hepatic relative weight and chemical composition could be regulated by dietary L‐Arg supplementation in Pekin ducks being reared at high ambient temperature. These beneficial effects of Arg on liver might be a cause of improved FCR.     

热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响研究

为探讨热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质的影响,试验选用健康状况良好、体重相近、食欲正常的360日龄金定鸭200羽,随机分为适温组(20～25℃)、热应激组(32～36℃),每组4个重复,每个重复25羽.试验预试期7d,正试期28 d.结果 表明:(1)试验28 d适温组产蛋率、总蛋重、平均蛋重显著升高(P＜0.05);高温...     

Effect of increased methionine level on performance and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in ducks

The experiment was conducted with 960 one-day-old ducklings fed mixtures (I control - 0.28% methionine) additionally supplemented with DL-methionine (DL-Met) at amounts: 0.03% (group II), 0.07% (III), 0.12% (IV) and 0.18% (V). The performance, carcass quality and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids as the criterions of methionine (Met) effectivity were considered. The analysis of growth and development of ducks as an effect of diversified DL-Met supplements indicate that increased content of this amino acid in the diets has not affected clearly the performance parameters. The body weight of 21-day-old ducklings was significantly affected only by the level of 0.12% of added Met in comparison to control group. On day 42, the differences among groups were negligible; only the addition of 0.12% DL-Met has increased the body weight by 2.4% when compared with control (p > 0.05). Feed conversion estimated for a period of 1-42 days has not been influenced by Met supplementation. The indistinct, however, visible tendency of better ileal amino acids' apparent digestibility (for Asp.a.,Thr, Ser, Glu, Lys) was noted in the groups fed supplemented diets. Application of 0.07% and 0.18% of DL-met, has significantly (p < 0.05) improved the coefficient of cysteine (Cys) apparent ileal digestibility; however, the improvement of Met apparent ileal digestibility has been achieved by the addition of 0.18% Met. The mortality of ducklings in the experiment was very low and varied between 3.15% (II) and 0.0% (groups I and III). In general, application of 0.12% of DL-Met to mixture containing 0.28% Met had positive effect on the productive output of birds and also improved the apparent ileal digestibility of Cys and Met.     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.     

不同铜源及添加水平对北京鸭生长性能和脂代谢的影响

文章研究了饲粮中不同浓度的无机铜和有机铜对1~56 d北京鸭生产性能和脂质代谢的影响。试验选择360只1日龄北京鸭,随机分为9组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。试验日粮采用4×2因子设计,共9个组(含1个对照组),对照组铜添加水平为0 mg/kg,试验组在基础日粮中添加3、6、9和150 mg/kg的无机(硫酸铜)和有机铜(氨基酸螯合铜),试验分为1~28 d和29~56 d两个阶段进行。结果显示:日粮添加无机铜显著降低了北京鸭的采食量,改善了料比(P <0.05)。日粮添加铜显著提高了血浆铜水平,显著降低了血浆锌水平(P <0.05)。与无机铜源相比,有机铜源显著改善了肝脏铜水平、铜排泄和沉积量(P <0.05)。日粮添加铜显著影响血红蛋白浓度和脂肪水平(P <0.05)。日粮添加150 mg/kg铜显著降低了肝脏和肉脂肪、胆固醇含量以及肉色和嫩度(P <0.05),同时显著降低了血浆脂肪、甘油三酯、胆固醇含量,提高了谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性(P <0.05)。无机铜有提高回肠组织病变的风险,但有机铜对北京鸭组织较安全。结论:铜浓度在150 mg/kg时可以显著改善肉质,增加肉蛋白质含量,同时显著降低肉脂、胆固醇以及血脂、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量。