Design of Cooling/Heating Floor AC Systems in Residential Buildings

This paper puts forward a new way in air_conditioning,which combines the fresh_air supply unit and such floor radiation system for the dehumidication and cooling in summer or heating in winter. By analyzing its advantages and limitations, it is found that this so called Cooling/Heating Floor AC System can improve the IAQ of residential building while keep high efficiency quality. It is also recommended that an methodology for the HVAC system designing,which will ensure the reduction of energy cost of users.     

Application of Swimming Pool Heating with Solar Energy

Solar energy sourcei s regenerative source,reasonable use of it is an effective way to solve the problem of exiguousness of the traditional energy. But the usage of the solar energy is limited. To achieve the satisfactory effect, we must use a reasonable system style combined with the traditional energy. Through the application of swimming pool heating with solar energy. It is pointed out that more attention should be puid to reason dispose the collectors,store up heating tank,assistant thermal resource and dependable auto control. Solar energy can take place of the traditional energy, it is obviously that the solar energy can save the money and the energy and protect the environment.     

冷冻猪肉新型解冻方法对比试验研究

空气解冻和水解冻是冷冻猪肉常用的解冻方法,欧姆加热解冻是一种新型解冻方法,比较3种方法,选择合适的方法进行猪肉解冻。以冷冻猪肉作为原料,分别对其进行欧姆加热解冻、空气解冻和水解冻,解冻后测定其解冻至0℃所需的时间和解冻后猪肉的品质。通过比较得出,欧姆加热解冻所用时间最少,约为20 min,且解冻后猪肉的损失率较小,一般小于1%,品质较佳。3种解冻方法中,欧姆加热解冻是一种快速、高效的解冻方式。     

A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF HEAT-TRANSFER DURING METAL HEATING WITH IMPINGING JET

The mechanism of heat transfer during sheet metals heating with impinging jet in a rapid heating furnace is studied with experiments and mathematical simulating methods. It is shown that the heat exchange between metals and impinging jet occurs mainly in the lower region of the hearth,most of which is carried out in the manner of convective heat transfer,and the convective portion of the total heat fluxing to metal is up to 80%. Furthermore,it is also found that the reverse heat flux from metals to the wall, which is a new heat transfer phenomenon, takes place in the late heating period, and the intenser the convective heat transfer in the furnace is, the earlier the reverse radiation occurs.     

Analysis on Economy and Energy -efficiency of the Measurable Heating System

This paper analyzes the energy-efficiency of the measurable heating system through the analysis of three main energy-efficient measures:room temperature control,system climate equalizing and variable-flux circulation,based on the data of local climate;it points out that the remarkable energy-efficiency of the measurable heating system is gained especially in cases of the use of residential mode for the residence and office mode for the public building.Then,according to the analysis of energy-efficiency and market price of equipment added for this heating measure,the economy of the measurable heating system is analyzed.The results indicate that heating companies have gained extraordinary profits from new heating measure,the benefit for the clients are fulfilled only by setting reasonable heating prices and the measurable heating should be in accord with the market rules.     

The effect of moisture content on the tendency of coal to combust spontaneously

The self heating of coal is influenced by many factors, but mainly it involves exothermic reactions between reactive sites in the coal and oxygen from the air. Moisture affects the nature of the radical sites where oxidation occurs, and affects the tendency of coal to combust spontaneously. Adiabatic tests show the coal self heating rate increases as the moisture content increases. At approximately 40% to 50% of the moisture holding capacity of the coal, the self heating rate becomes measurable. Above this critical level of moisture content, the heat produced by oxidation is dissipated by moisture evaporation and coal self heating is significantly delayed.     

不同温度和时间处理对茶多酚损失率的影响

本试验采用两因素四水平完全交叉试验设计研究实际生产过程加热温度和时间对茶多酚损失的影响,不同温度处理为80℃、100℃、120℃、140℃和不同加热时间处理为60min、90min、120min、150min。试验结果表明,加热时间控制在60min以内,加热温度100℃至140℃,茶多酚的损失率可控制在15%以内。     

通电加热对抗性淀粉制备的影响

以不同支直链淀粉含量的原淀粉为原料,采取通电加热和水浴加热2种方式处理淀粉,用自制淀粉糊化电导率测定仪采集数据,讨论通电加热对抗性淀粉(RS)形成的影响以及抗性淀粉含量变化及其影响因素。试验发现,采用不同电压通电加热糊化马铃薯淀粉的结果显示,150 V电压糊化马铃薯淀粉,产生的RS最多(8.64%);110 V电压,最终产生的RS最少(6.65%)。对于所采用的全部三种淀粉而言,通电加热后的淀粉中抗性淀粉含量均少于水浴加热处理的样品。在红薯淀粉中,抗性淀粉的减少量达到22.78%。结果表明,通电加热相比于其他加热方法,更加快速均匀。利用通电加热制备抗性淀粉能有效地改变最终抗性淀粉的含量。     

柠檬片真空冷冻干燥工艺初探

以新鲜柠檬为试材,研究了柠檬片真空冷冻干燥的工艺条件.试验结果表明,冻干柠檬片的最佳工艺条件为:柠檬片切片厚度6.0mm,冻干时间10h,加热板温度60℃,冻干压力80Pa.此条件下加工的冻干柠檬片具有较好的感官品质及较高的柠檬酸及VC含量,褐变度较低,可保持新鲜柠檬原有的色、香、味和营养成分.     

猪肉的通电加热研究

研究了猪肉的通电加热工艺和猪肉通电加热后质构的变化,并与传统的加热方式进行了比较。结果表明,猪肉煮制时间为25min最佳,当猪肉的煮制时间延长,蒸煮后肉的硬度随之增大,弹性、咀嚼性增大,猪肉的口感也相应得到改善。通电加热煮制的猪肉,口感明显好于电炉加热。     

棕壤有机质测定方法研究

本研究采用烘箱加热的方法测定土壤有机质含量,试图探究一种快速、准确测定土壤有机质的方法。为此,以棕壤为例,使用烘箱加热法测定了24个棕壤样品的有机质含量,通过对土壤样品消解温度(100~125℃)和消解时间(30~90 min)的18种梯度组合,分析了改进的烘箱加热法、油浴法与元素分析仪测定结果的差异及适用性。研究表明,18种消解温度和消解时间梯度组合的烘箱加热法测定有机质含量与元素分析仪测定结果相关性均达到极显著水平(r>0.995);当消解温度为115℃、消解时间为30 min时,烘箱加热法测定的有机质含量与元素分析仪测定结果的标准偏差和偏差率为最小;与油浴法相比,烘箱加热法测定的土壤有机质含量的准确性提高了12.4%;因此,本改进方法中,对于供试棕壤的最佳消解温度115℃,消解时间为30 min。与传统的油浴加热法相比,烘箱加热法具有操作简单、测定速度快、温度易于控制、减少了环境污染等优点。     

浅圆仓散储玉米局部发热的处理

对线圆仓散储玉米局部发热进行全面通风和局部通风的对比试验，结果表明：采用全面大风量通风，降温、降水缓慢，通风不彻底，发热容易复发；采用局部小风量通风，针对性强，降温、降水速度快，能有效防止粮堆再次发热。     

Numerical Simulation of Air Pollution

To compare the difference of air influences in Fuling county between adopting Central heating at Longqiao power station and dispersing the heating all around the county,the authors simulate the distributing of the city air pollution(SO_(2),PM_(10)) with the computational fluid dynamics software-PHOENICS.The simulation results show that the pollution source are much wider.Because the main reason infecting the diffused of pollution is the city dominant wind,the decrease of the pollution along the side of city dominant wind is tremendous,the percentage of the pollution recedes from 5% to 1%,and the polluted area of the central heating is 20% of the area of separate heating,especially the pollution of the area with high population is decreasing remarkably such as the residential area.The simulation has proven the advantage of the central heating on the point of the air pollution.In the meanwhile,computer simulation is an accurate and convenient means to help analyze air pollution of urban.     

Hydraulic Stability of Conditioning-controlling Water-water Ejector Heating Unit in Heating System

The paper introduces an example and its running data of applying conditioning-controlling water-water ejector heating unit developed by the author in heating system. It proves that: the hydraulic stability of the system is very good. When heating medium of heat source and heat consumer are respective high-temperature water and low-temperature water, the hydraulic stability of the heating system is close to 1; when the flow of any consumer of heating network changes, the flow and heating quality of other consumers are almost unchanged.     

重庆村镇空气源热泵供暖系统夜间性能实测分析

针对重庆山地村镇迫切的供暖需求,选取该地区典型村镇搭建了空气源热泵供暖系统实验平台,分析了空气源热泵系统性能影响因素,并从供回水温度、系统耗电量、供热量、性能系数COP等角度对运行过程中的阶段特性(启动、稳定运行及全阶段)进行阐述,发现系统在3个阶段特点差异很大：启动阶段初始温度对COP影响较为明显,除霜时系统性能下降25%;稳定阶段特性与初始温度无关,室外条件较好时,降低设定温度,COP提高明显;总体来看,启动阶段COP最高,全阶段次之,稳定阶段COP最低。     

Study on Simulation Method of Heating and Air - conditioning Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings

The heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings is influenced by the behavior of indoor living personnel.On the basis of research and analysis,two kinds of calculation modes reflecting the behavior of indoor living personnel are estimated.Under two kinds of different calculation modes,by using the building thermal environment simulation Toolkit DeST to simulate the energy consumption calculation for certain residential building in Shanghai,and the simulation results are compared with the research results.The influence of calculation mode on heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai is analyzed in this paper.In order to obtain the right simulation calculation method correctly reflecting the energy consumption of residential buildings.This method can be used for analysis and evaluation of heating and air conditioning energy consumption of residential buildings in Shanghai,and it can serve as instruction for right energy design of residence building.     

冬季供暖工况下混凝土辐射顶板传热特性

针对冬季供暖工况下混凝土辐射顶板的传热问题,建立顶板辐射供暖的简化数学模型,利用MATLAB软件计算其供热量,并通过该顶板辐射供暖的热工特性实验验证模型的合理性。研究表明:顶板温度计算值与实验结果的误差在5.01%以内,供热量计算值与实验结果的误差在5.15%左右。通过对实验和计算结果的分析发现:在定流量稳态工况下,顶板温度随供水温度的增大呈指数性增大,随换热盘管间距的增大而减小。     

Development and experiments of direct resistance heating in hot forging

A new hot-forging method by means of direct resistance heating is investigated aiming at the long produce time and large energy consumption of traditional hot forging. The hot upsetting experiments with cylindrical billet of 42CrMo4 are performed. The influences of initial contact force, surface quality of the billet and current intensity on the heating temperature are researched. The results of the experiments show that the billet can be heated quickly to forming temperature by the approach. The relatively low initial contact force is useful to increase the heating temperature. The heating temperature is proportional to the square of the current intensity, and the heating temperature is seriously affected by the surface quality. During the forming process the billet cooling rate is effectively decreased and the forming time is extended in relation to the resistance heating.     

A Three-Dimensional Numerical Model and Experimental Research for U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger in Heating Operation

In terms of the theory of a transient energy balance on the finite controlled volume, in this paper, a transient three-dimensional heat transfer model for the simulation of a single vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger based on finite-difference methods is systematically proposed. The model is also compared with experimental results during the heating operation in winter. What's more,based on test data and domestic and foreign literature, the equations to determine the undisturbed ground temperature for wet and heavy soil in Chongqing are presented. These formulae are essential conditions to calculate the heat transfer model.     

Heating performance analysis of multi-nozzle water-jet steam ejector

Abstract:This paper developes a heating coefficient model to study the heating performance of multi-nozzle water-jet steam ejector. It analyzes the factors of heating performance, and explores the relationships between the heating performance and different operating parameters theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the heating performance of multi-nozzle water-jet steam ejector is very good. The heating coefficient decreases with the increase of the inlet water temperature, and increases with the increase of the steam pressure and ejecting coefficient. The relationships between heating performance of ejector and different operating parameters by calculation and experiment are in good agreement.