农作物灾情田间调查分级规范的研究现状

近年来,农业气象灾害对中国农业生产的影响呈现危害范围逐年扩大、灾害程度逐年加重的态势,农作物灾情调查和灾害损失评估的研究越来越受到各级政府和部门的重视,为此,农作物受灾等级研判标准的重要性凸显。文章主要对中国现有的灾损评估方法及标准进行了归纳,主要包括农业部门在农情调度中对灾害的统计方法和气象部门对农业气象灾害等级的观测方法,还介绍了正在研究拟定中的农作物灾情田间调查分级规范,并指出农作物灾情田间调查分级的方法是一种将农业标准与气象标准相结合的方法,有利于将科学研究与生产实际相结合,并且便于各级部门及时采取科学的防灾减灾措施,将为农情调度、灾害损失评估、灾后农业生产自救提供科学依据。     

Parameter uncertainty analysis for probability distribution of bulk power systerm reliability

Component reliability parameters are of uncertainty and are affected by the component type, operation time, and weather conditions. So do the reliability indices of bulk power systems. The calculation of its probability distributions and its alteration law affected by parameters uncertainty are researched to provide practical engineering reference with exploring the impact of the parameter uncertainty on reliability assessment. The point estimate method is firstly proposed based on the two-loop Monte-Carlo simulation, and then the improved Monte-Carlo simulation is presented to enhance the calculation efficiency further. Moreover, their theories, merits and faults are explained in detail. It can be seen from the evaluation results for the RBTS power systems that the accuracy of the three methods are similar but the improved Monte-Carlo simulation has the highest efficiency, followed by the point estimate method. The IEEE-RTS 79 power system is evaluated by using the improved Monte-Carlo simulation, and the results verify its validity.     

Research on the Design Method of Digital Urban Lighting

This paper has introduced a kind of design method for digital urban lighting, it is an application of the illuminating engineering in digital city and a kind of measurable, dynamic visualization design method of the effect of digital urban lighting. A kind of new artificial method of scene imitation has been proposed in this paper. After taking pictures by verified digital camera, the luminosity and color information are taken to imitate the effect of urban lighting design, to display the current and future effect of lighting for the scene and thus optimize the urban lighting design plan to meet the demand of energy - conservation and beautifying the urban night scene.     

Medium and Small sized City Park Development from the Perspective of City Earthquake Disaster

以磨盘柿为试材,采用0.50μL·L^-1及1.0μL·L^-1浓度1-MCP处理后观察冷藏条件下的贮藏效果。结果表明,1-MCP处理可明显地抑制柿果实硬度、膜相对透性、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性单宁含量以及丙二醛含量的变化,控制果实的软化及生理病害的发生,有效地延缓果实后熟与衰老进程。试验结果还发现,0.50μL·L^-1-MCP处理对柿果实褐变有较好的抑制作用。     

Value Engineering Applied in the Bidding

Project bidding and assessing aim at choosing the best bidder, and then achieve the best optimization of bidder's value aim. The current method of project bidding does not qualifiedly describe the connection among the quality, time limit for the project, and investment of engineering project, so it can not exactly evaluate the bidder's value aim. Consequently, this is not beneficial to achieve the best value. Value engineering is a function analysis method achieving the necessary functions at the lowest cost of total lifetime cycle. Based on the analysis of the existing issues in the valuating system, this paper provides some improvement on the current valuating methods and scientific basis for choosing the best bidder through calculating the value coefficient such as function, cost and value.     

Application of GIS in Urban Environmental Management

Geographic information systems (GIS) have been widely used in the field of city science. Its timely, accurate and friendly displaying methods have been won more attention from the decision makers. In this paper, several problems,such as system objects, system compositions, and system designing methods etc., were discussed and some suggestions were presented. Three examples were illustrated at the end of the paper.     

EQUIVALENT-UNIT METHOD OF SHORT-TERM RELIABILITY EVALUATION FOR INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS

This paper presents the concept of equivalent-unit and the solution method of state probabilities for short-term reliability evaluation for generation systems. The ideas and methods are applied to evaluate short-term reliability of intercommected power systems,and the models of equivalent assistance,which can be conveniently combined with subsystem models,are propesed. The models and algorithm proposed not only solve the difficult problem of "state explosion" , but also improve the calculating accuracy. A numerical example is given to show that the models and algorithm are feasible and effective.     

OPTIMAL ACTIVE POWER ADJUSTMEMT OF LARGE HYBRID AC/DC SYSTEMS AFTER OUTAGE CONTINGENCIES WITH THE APPLICATION IN RELIABILITY EVALUATION

An optimal active power adjustment model is deve in this paper for hybrid AC/DC systems after outage contingencies. The objective of the model is to minimize the rejection of load when some elements are out of service, with adjustment strategy approaching practical system operation. A large number of outage contingencies are simulated when the Monte-Carlo Method is emyloyed to evaluate the system reliability, requiring fast calculation of each simulation. The model and computer method proposed in this paper satisfy such a requirment because of the application of concentric relaxation, recursive branch constraint treatment in linear programming and a direct method for B-1 matrix modification. This paper is concerned with the simplified steady state conditions of the system based on DC load-flow, which implies the reliability indices calculated are the measures about static loss of load. The results for a 14-bus hybrid AC/DC system are given.     

乡村居民灾害感知分析

居民灾害感知在一定程度上影响到政府减灾战略的制定和实施。乡村居民的灾害感知是居民灾害感知的重要组成部分,也是新农村建设要考虑的重要因素。采用入户访谈的形式,对宝鸡市陈仓区桥镇4个自然村的居民进行了问卷调查,并对乡村居民灾害感知进行了分析。结果表明：（1）居民主要担心的灾害类型是暴雨和洪水,并且认为类似灾害还有可能发生;（2）居民多采用传统防灾措施应对灾害;（3）灾害信息获取以大众传媒为主,渠道单一;（4）居民灾后寻求帮助的对象多倾向于家人和邻居、基层政府次之,居民灾后寻求帮助的可能性随着社会距离（社会关系的疏远度）的增加呈现衰减趋势;（5）面对灾害,居民愿意采取防范措施。     

Discussion on Disadvantages of the Current Water Supply Firing System Based on the Individual Building

By analyzing the problems and their reasons existed in the water firing prevention system, it is pointed out that the current Chinese firing prevention system is a partial and half-baked one, based solely on the individual building. Fire is an accident to a building, while it is a necessity to a city. Fire fighting is not only the responsibility of individual buildings, but also a part of disaster prevention system. The specialized management, power of fire fighting and salvation of the city nowadays should be reinforced. The responsibility of firing prevention system in a building is to put off the initial flame and prevent the fire extending within the right time, meanwhile to start the fire prevention and contingency measurements of the city.     

Calculation of Constant Pressure Values for Relief Valves in the Fire Suppression Systems of High-Rise Buildings

The calculation of constant pressure values for relief valves in the fire suppression systems of high-rise buildings usually is based on the working pressure of pipe systems by experience.However,this method only is applied in the condition that the relief valves are installed on the effluent pipes of pumps.In order to confirm the proper constant pressure values of relief valves in fire suppression systems,a formula is deduced using hydraulics theory.The applications of the formula in fire suppression systems are also discussed.The constant pressure values for relief valves are directly related to three factors,namely,the flux and pressure of the fire pump,the located height of the relief valves,and the head loss of flux from the pump exit to the inlets of the relief valves.It is necessary to analyze the working condition of fire suppression systems and to be certain of the permissive pressure range for overpressure.     

Review of Research on the Evaluation Index System of Low-carbon City in China

In order to promote the research on the evaluation index system of low-carbon city,this paper reviewed and summarized the current evaluation index systems in recent years and the concepts of lowcarbon city in China.The current evaluation index systems of low-carbon city in China could be divided into two types:two class index system and three class index system.The establishment of different index systems basically adheres to the scientific,systematic,operable and dynamic principles,and the target value and weight of evaluation index could be confirmed in multiple ways.This paper analyzed the existing problems in the evaluation index systems of low-carbon city,and came up with some suggestions and advice to promote relevant research.     

Viewpoints on the Fire Plan of Chongqing City

The fire plan aiming to create the fire security environment for the development of the city,is an important part of the modern city plan.This article reviews the experience of the fire plan of compilation Chongqing city,discusses its frame,and summarizes its notable effect on the construction of the public fire infrastructure.Some advices on how to improve the urban fire plan is also put forward in this article.     

A SFG METHOD FOR RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF HVDC SYSTEMS

Steady-state probability, frequency and duration are the three main indices in reliability evaluation of the HVDC systems. Generally, they are solved by numerical methods. Their topolgical formulaes are derived by using the basic theory of ccates graph and considering conditions for some particularity of state-space in this paper. A set of generalised formulaes can be applied to obtain these indices expression about reliability parameters of components. Finally,an example is given to illustrate and verify this method.     

A Method of Adaptive Fuzzy Classfication on Rockmass Blast Ability

This paper presents a series of targets which are usefull for engineering.The paper also presents an adaptive weight function according to the fail mechanism of rockmass and a fuzzy aynthetic evaluation medel on rockmass blast ability.The model is applied to evaluate the blast ability of rockmass in an engineering and the result shows that the model is effective.     

The Research of University City Planning Strategies Based on the Real Living

Based on the present problems in university city planning of China, in this paper the reasons for these problems from viewpoint of axiology and methodology are analyzed and the corresponding planning methods are offered, finally the prospects for the future university city planning method are given.     

树立就业教育理念推动产学研合作教育体系改革

就业工作是高校的生命线,促进高校毕业生就业是实施人才强国战略和保持经济社会全面、协调、可持续发展的要求。产学研合作教育有助于提高高校毕业生的职业适应能力、创新实践能力,促进高校毕业生就业。结合安徽工程科技学院食品科学与工程专业的实际情况,探讨工科院校产学研合作教育体系改革。     

Calculating Critical Loads of Thin Plates With Method of Weighted Residuals

In elastic mechanics, it is common practice to calculate critical loads in buckle of thin plates by means of double triangle series. The calculation process is more complex, this method has not facility in engineering application. In many cases critical loads of thin plates can not obtain precise analytic solutions. It is very important to solve approximate resolutions of critical loads of plates in engineering. The method of weighted residuals is an available measure to solve proximal resolutions of differential equations and has extensive application in egineering. In order to simplify calculation process and obtain profitble result, by means of method of weighted residuals and Cantorovich variational principle, taking the second Tchebychev's polynomials as trial functions, it was calculated, critical loads of rectangle thin plates in different supporting conditions. Calculation results indicate that this calculation method is simple and has some precision, it is applied conveniently in engineering.     

Critical Temperature of Axially Restrained Steel Columns withPartial Fire Retardant Coating Damage

In order to investigate the fire resistance of steel columns with partial fire retardant coating damage in fire, based on the differential equation of equilibrium on each portion of steel column, the deflection of steel column after the fire retardant coating damage was derived, with the pined ends and rigid ends of the columns at elevated temperatures. The critical temperature calculation method was proposed for partial fire protection damage and axial restrained steel columns by taking the edge yielding criteria. The deflection and axial displacement were verified by finite element method at elevated temperature. With a case study, the critical temperature and relationship of axial force and temperature were obtained for pined column with axial restraint. It was shown that the axial force of the steel column at elevated temperatures was increased and the critical temperature was decreased by the axial restraint. The longer the fire retardant coating damage was and the higher the axial restraint was, the lower the critical temperature was.     

干燥方法对‘墨红’玫瑰品质的影响

旨在筛选最佳的干燥方法,为玫瑰花的开发利用提供理论参考。以新鲜云南‘墨红’玫瑰为试验材料,用不同干燥方法处理新鲜花瓣,测定其营养成分和生物活性成分含量等指标,利用隶属函数法进行玫瑰花品质的综合评价。结果表明,不同干燥方法对品质影响不尽相同,微波低火处理的玫瑰可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,微波温火干燥处理所得多糖含量最多,微波中火干燥的黄酮含量最高,烘干70℃干燥处理的多酚含量最高,晒干处理后花青素相对浓度最高。隶属函数综合评价表明,微波处理以微波低火干燥为佳,烘干干燥以70℃干燥为最好,阴干较晒干好。多种干燥方式以微波低火干燥的玫瑰品质最佳。