赤羽病病原学研究进展

赤羽病是由阿卡斑病毒（Akabane virus，AKAV）引起的牛、羊等动物流产、早产、胎儿畸形、死胎以及先天性关节弯曲一积水性无脑综合征（AH综合征）的一种虫媒性传染病，也称为阿卡斑病。该病毒具有抗原多样性的特点。上世纪30年代，该病在澳大利亚羊群中首次暴发，而后1949年在日本也曾暴发，但到1961年才在日本的群马县赤羽村的畜舍内采集的金色库蚊和三带喙库蚊中首次分离到病毒。     

赤羽病简介

赤羽病又称阿卡斑病(Akabane disease)，是由赤羽病病毒(Akabane disease virus，AKV)引起的牛、绵羊及山羊的一种多型性传染病。该病以流产、早产、死胎、畸形、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲、积水性无脑症和流行性暂时热为特征。     

赤羽病的流行及防制对策

台票赤羽病(akabane disease，AKA)又名阿卡斑病，是由赤羽病病毒(Akabane disease virus，AKV)引起的牛、绵羊和山羊的一种多型性传染病。AKA以流产、早产、死胎、畸形产为特征，能引起先天性关节弯曲和积水性无脑症。     

奶牛赤羽病的血清学调查

赤羽病,又名阿卡斑病,因最初由日本研究者在日本群马县赤羽村发现此病,故而得名。它是由阿卡斑病毒感染并导致牛、绵羊、山羊的异常产（流产、早产、死胎）、初生犊牛（羔）的关节异常弯曲和大脑缺损为特征的一种传染病。阿卡斑病毒是由库蠓传播的。近似球型,属于RNA病毒,对酸和热不敏感,但对乙醚和氯仿敏感。阿卡斑病毒具有血球凝集性,在高盐度pH6．0～6．2条件下,能与鸭、鹅、鸽等的红血球起凝集反应。近几年来,我国部分地区的奶牛流产率逐年上升。为了探明是否存在阿卡斑病毒的感染,1997年9月,笔者应用日本微生物化学研究所…     

赤羽病研究进展

赤羽病（Akabane disease）又名阿卡斑病，是由赤羽病病毒（Akabane disease virus，简称ADV）引起牛羊的一种多型性传染病，以流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、木乃伊胎、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲和积水性无脑综合症（简称AH综合症）为特征。 本病在热带、温带，特别是在近东和南亚地区分布较广。此外，非洲、南美洲和澳大利亚等地区也有发生。该病于1949年首次在日本群马县（现为馆林市）发生。后来，从该地畜舍内采集的金色库蚊和三带喙库蚊体内分离1株病毒，并将之命名为赤羽病病毒。松本等（1980）对本病病原进行研究，确定是由布尼病毒属…     

赤羽病研究进展

赤羽病是由阿卡斑病毒引起的一种牛羊繁殖障碍和新生幼畜畸形传染病。该病在非洲大陆、中东、东南亚、亚洲和南美洲等温带和热带地区的许多国家流行,在我国部分区域流行。阿卡斑病毒通过蚊、蠓等媒介昆虫进入宿主体内,引发母畜出现流产、早产、死胎、畸形胎等现象,给牛羊养殖业造成较大的经济损失。为全面了解赤羽病,该文通过病毒特征、流行病学、致病机理、诊断方法和防控等方面展开论述,旨在为我国有效防控该病提供参考。     

奉贤地区奶牛赤羽病血清学的调查

<正>赤羽病又名阿卡斑病,是由布尼亚病毒科正布尼亚病毒属辛波病毒群的赤羽病病毒所引起的牛、绵羊和山羊的一种多形性虫媒传染病。以流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、木乃伊、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲积水性无脑综合征(简称AH综合征)为特征的病毒性传染病[1-2]。该病为虫媒性传染病,传播媒介为吸血的蚊、库蠓等[3]。该病首次于1961年在日本群马县赤羽村发现此病,故而得名[4]。该病易发生在热带和温带,澳大利亚、南非、肯尼亚、以色     

赤羽病的研究进展

正赤羽病是由赤羽病病毒(Akabane disease virus,AKV)引起的一种以牛和羊流产、早产、产死胎、新生胎儿畸形及先天性关节弯曲-积水性无脑综合征(arthrogryposis hydraencephaly,AH)为特征的虫媒性传染病,也称为阿卡斑病(akabanedisease)。目前,已证实我国许多地区都有该病流行,对我国养殖业危害较大[1],是世界卫生组织(OIE)法定通报性疾病,也     

赤羽病的流行及防制对策

赤羽病(akabanedisease,AKA)又名阿卡斑病，是由赤羽病病毒(Akabanediseasevirus,AKV)引起的牛、绵羊和山羊的一种多型性传染病。AKA以流产、早产、死胎、畸形产为特征，能引起先天性关节弯曲和积水性无脑症。1国内外流行情况　　AKA曾以积水性无脑/关节弯曲综合症(AG/HE)和流行性暂时热于20世纪30年代首先在澳大利亚羊群中暴发，1949年在日本群马县赤羽村也发生本病，但病原一直处于不明阶段。1972～1975年，AKA在日本关东地区大流行时，先后蔓延到日本的四国、近畿、关东、北陆等地区，最后传播到秋田县。到1986年为止，日本除少…     

阻断酶联免疫吸附试验检测赤羽病

赤羽病(Akabanedisease)又称阿卡斑病,是牛、羊的一种以流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、木乃伊、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲积水性无脑综合症为特征的病毒性传染病。本病的病原赤羽病病毒是布尼安病毒科(Bunvaviridae)、辛波(Simbu)病毒群的成员之一。最早在澳大利亚暴发,后在日本、美国、韩国等国也分离到该病毒。本病的流行对养牛、养羊业的发展构成巨大的威胁,因此该病是我国从澳大利亚进口奶牛必须检测的七种疫病之一。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …