Epidemic of diarrhoea caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in Italy

There was an epidemic of diarrhoea affecting pigs of all ages in Italy between May 2005 and June 2006. In 63 herds the cause was confirmed as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus by electron microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, pcr and serology. Watery diarrhoea without mucus and blood was usually associated with a reduction of feed consumption. In farrowing-to-weaning herds, diarrhoea affected the sows and suckling piglets, and the mortality in newborn piglets was up to 34 per cent. In growers and fatteners the morbidity ranged from 20 to 80 per cent, but there was either no mortality or it was very low. Depending on the size of the herd and the type of operation, the clinical disease lasted for weeks or months.     

An ELISA for detection of antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) based on the specific solubility of the viral surface glycoprotein.

Viral proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) were extracted from the cytoplasm of infected Vero cells using hypotonic conditions and a non-ionic detergent. Both the pH and the NaCl concentration of the extraction buffer were varied in attempts to increase the solubility of the virion spike glycoproteins (S-protein) and of the nucleocapsid proteins (N-protein). Monoclonal antibodies, hyperimmune sera and convalescent pig sera were used to identify and monitor these proteins by immunoprecipitation and Western blots. The solubility of the S-protein was optimal at pH 4, whereas that of the N-protein was optimal at pH 9. Consequently, it was possible to enrich for either S-protein or N-protein; increases in the NaCl concentration of the buffer were of no advantage in this respect. Enriched preparations of the S-protein and N-protein were used as ELISA antigen for the S-ELISA and N-ELISA, respectively. The S-ELISA proved to be the more effective of the two immunoassays. Antibodies against S-protein remained detectable for longer periods of time than anti-N-protein antibodies in the sera of PEDV-infected pigs. Using this ELISA of increased sensitivity, it was observed that only a small number of farms in Switzerland had been infected with PEDV.     

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is a contagious enteric disease of pigs caused by a coronavirus. A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) based on the use of monoclonal antibodies was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV). The DAS-ELISA was compared with RT-PCR in the examination of 506 specimens collected during 2006-2007 from pigs originating from different farms located in the Po valley. Both faecal samples obtained directly from the rectum of live animals showing clinical signs and intestinal samples collected from the caecum of deceased pigs were included in the study. The correlation between the two methods was higher when testing faecal samples (K = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00) than testing intestinal samples (K = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.35-0.89). The use of ELISA technology provided an efficient and effective mean of evaluating the presence of coronavirus PED antigen in field samples and indicates that this procedure is a very useful tool in epidemiological studies.     

猪流行性腹泻IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)pET-32a-S1D重组表达质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL-2l(DE3)感受态细胞,并成功表达目的蛋白S1D。以纯化后蛋白作为抗原,建立了针对乳汁中PEDV的IgA抗体间接ELISA检测方法。确定最佳抗原包被浓度为1μg/mL;乳汁最佳稀释度为1∶10。该检测方法敏感性高,可重复性好。该研究建立的间接ELISA方法为母猪乳汁中猪流行性腹泻病毒IgA抗体的检测提供了一种快速简便的诊断方法。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒间接ELISA抗体检测方法建立与应用

猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)是目前引起我国猪急性肠炎并水样腹泻的重要病原之一,但尚无商品化病毒血清抗体检测试剂盒。本研究以纯化的PEDV为包被抗原,通过优化ELISA反应条件,建立了间接ELISA抗体检测方法,其反应条件为:抗原最佳包被浓度为3μg/mL,血清样品最佳稀释度为1∶100,包被时间为37℃作用2 h,1.5%BSA 37℃封闭3 h,二抗1∶10 000稀释,37℃作用30 min,抗体临界值为OD450nm≥0.306判为阳性,OD450nm≤0.268判为阴性,介于二者之间为可疑。该方法检测6份已知PEDV阳性血清效价为1∶3 200,检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病毒和口蹄疫病毒血清抗体均为阴性,批间和批内重复试验变异系数2.5%～8.3%,对江苏、上海、浙江、安徽地区587份猪血清样品进行检测,抗体阳性率达56.76%,证明该方法具有较好敏感性、特异性和重复性,可用于PEDV抗体检测和流行病学调查。     

基于PEDV中国变异株S蛋白间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立与应用

以纯化的重组猪流行腹泻病毒(PEDV)中国变异株S蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测PEDV流行株抗体的间接ELISA方法。所建方法最佳反应条件为:抗原最适包被量为1μg/孔,包被时间为37℃1h后4℃过夜;血清工作浓度为1∶100,作用时间为1.5h;二抗选用HRP标记的兔抗猪IgG稀释度为1∶4 000,作用时间为1.5h;显色液TMB作用时间为15min;判定标准为,样品S/P值大于等于0.058判定为阳性,小于0.045判定为阴性。所建ELISA方法具有良好的特异性和重复性。对50份疑似猪流行性腹泻血清样品进行检测,该方法与PEDV病原检测结果有较高的符合率。结果表明本研究所建立ELISA方法可用于PEDV流行株抗体检测和疫病监测。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒血清IgA抗体间接ELISA方法的建立

建立了检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)IgA抗体的间接ELISA方法,旨在为PEDV感染检测与免疫效果评价提供技术手段。以重组PEDV结构蛋白(S1蛋白)作为包被抗原,采用方阵滴定法确定抗原包被浓度、封闭液、稀释液以及待测血清和酶标抗体的最佳工作浓度,建立了PEDV IgA抗体检测间接ELISA方法。进而检测方法的特异性、批内与批间重复性,评价建立方法与国外试剂盒的符合率,分析ELISA检测血清特异性IgA抗体水平与中和抗体的相关性。结果显示,ELISA方法的最佳抗原包被浓度为1 mg/L,封闭液和抗体稀释液为含5%犊牛血清的PBS,待检血清和酶标抗体的工作浓度分别为1∶40与1∶1 500倍稀释。结果表明,该ELISA能够特异地检测PEDV抗体,与猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、伪狂犬病毒、猪圆环病毒2型等病毒的抗血清无交叉反应,批内和批间重复性试验的变异系数低于10%,与现有试剂盒的总符合率为94.8%,血清特异性IgA抗体水平与中和抗体呈正相关(r=0.69,P<0.001)。     

Identification of porcine circovirus type 2 in retrospective cases of pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

The identification of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was studied in fresh intestinal tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded intestinal tissues by in situ hybridisation. The tissues came from pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV). A total of 35 (32.7%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with PEDV were found to be positive using PCR. Positive signals for PCV2 were detected in 32 (29.9%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with PEDV by in situ hybridisation. The distribution of positive cells in the jejunum and ileum was multifocal or patchy. Distinct positive labelling was found throughout the lamina propria in the small intestines. The results of this study indicate that PCV2 is highly prevalent in pigs naturally infected with PEDV.     

猪伪狂犬病毒间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为了满足我国现阶段猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)高频突变引发新疫情诊断的需求,本实验通过生物信息学分析比较,设计合成了针对PRV g B糖蛋白高度保守的抗原优势表位区肽段,命名为g B872。以此肽段为包被抗原,经条件优化建立了新型的PRV-g B间接ELISA抗体检测方法。该ELISA方法检测结果显示,其仅对PRV血清检测为阳性,而与猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、口蹄疫病毒(O型)、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒2型等主要猪源病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应,表明该方法具有较强的特异性;最低检测下限血清稀释度为1∶128,高于IDEXX PRV/ADV g B抗体检测试剂盒检测下限稀释度(1∶4),表明该方法敏感性高;批内、批间重复性试验结果显示,变异系数均低于10%,重复性良好。利用该方法与Bio Chek PRV-g B抗体检测试剂盒检测90份临床血清样品,对比结果分析显示,两者阳性符合率为100%,阴性符合率为97.67%,总体符合率为97.78%;同时,采用该方法与IDEXX-g I(gE)和IDEXX-g B试剂盒分别对野毒感染血清和疫苗免疫血清同时检测,该方法可以准确识别野毒阳性血清和疫苗免疫阳性血清,与IDEXX两种试剂盒的结果一致。本研究建立的间接ELISA检测方法对PRV疫苗免疫效果评价、流行病学调查及防控提供了可靠的方法。     

Virus-like particles associated with porcine epidemic diarrhoea.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea type II was reproduced in experimental pigs of various ages by oral dosing with minced intestine from a naturally occurring case of the disease. Virus-like particles which probably represent an unidentified coronavirus were seen by electron microscopy in the faeces and intestinal epithelium of infected animals.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒胶体金检测方法的建立

应用胶体金免疫层析技术,建立了一种快速检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的方法。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记纯化的抗猪流行性腹泻病毒的单克隆抗体m Ab-PEDV1C12和(m Ab)-PEDV2C11,并将m Ab-PEDV2C11和羊抗鼠Ig G抗体喷在硝酸纤维素膜上分别作为检测线和质控线,对pH值、抗体浓度、封闭时间等条件摸索与优化。测试结果表明,该猪流行性腹泻病毒快速检测试纸条的检测下限达到310个TCID50的病毒量,检测时间为10 min,批内和批间重复性为100%。结论:该方法使用简单快速,适合猪场检测猪流行性腹泻病毒。     

PEDV膜蛋白基因RT－PCR最适反应条件的确立

以猪流地性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的RNA为模板，探讨了影响猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）的RT－PCR反庆的各种因素，确立了RT－PCR的最适瓜应条件。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测猪流行性腹泻病毒

为建立一种快速、灵敏的检测猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测方法,本研究针对PEDV的NP基因设计LAMP引物,对反应体系优化并进行特异性及敏感性等试验.结果表明,该方法在65℃下恒温扩增60 min,经SYBR Green Ⅰ染色后仅肉眼观察即可判定结果.该方法特异性好,与传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒、猪瘟病毒及大肠杆菌等无交叉反应,对重组质粒最低检测限度为16拷贝/μL,灵敏度高于普通PCR.该LAMP检测方法特异性强,灵敏度高,操作方便,适于临床检测PEDV.     

重组N蛋白间接ELISA检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体

用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒重组N蛋白作为包被抗原，建立了检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗体的间接ELISA方法，并确定了ELISA最佳工作条件：抗原包被浓度为0．27μg/ml，37C1h加4C过夜，血清(1：40)和酶标免抗猪IgG(1：400)分别在37℃温育30min，底物溶液37℃显色15min。经重复性试验、交叉试验、阻断试验等试验结果表明该方法重复性好、特异性强、灵敏度高；与美国IDEXX试剂盒相比较，特异性和敏感性分别为97．6％和92．1％，无显著性差异。用已建立的方法检测临床血清样本187份，总阳性率为30．5％。     

An ELISA for the detection of serum antibodies to both transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus.

A competition ELISA utilizing a mAb directed towards a peplomer protein epitope common to TGEV, PRCV and related feline and canine coronaviruses is described.