Low‐carbon evaluation of rural neighborhood: A case study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China

Climate change has become a global issue influencing human survival and development while low‐carbon is the inevitable choice. As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has become an important force that influences the cooperation of climate change. China is a large agricultural country, and the rural carbon emissions have been gradually increasing. We consider rural neighborhood as an important space for the use of low‐carbon ideas to address climate change. There is no specific assessment system for a rural neighborhood. The studies of rural neighborhood low‐carbon mainly focus on the method of calculation carbon emissions. However, only quantifying rural carbon emissions is insufficient. In this paper, a low‐carbon evaluation indicator system has been proposed for rural neighborhood and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation has been applied to get the low‐carbon degree. Considering the influence and feedback inside the indicator system, Analytic Network Process was applied to get the weights. Furthermore, a case study was carried out for the using of the proposed method in an eco‐village of China. Our practice has proved that the system is easy to operate in rural neighborhood.     

论中国农业标准化体系的建立与完善

我国加入WTO后,必须参照国际惯例和准则,立足国情,广泛开展农业标准化工作,以适应WTO有关规则和农业发展的需要。本文在界定农业标准化的基础上,充分论证了我国实施农业标准化的必要性,考察了农业标准化的现状,并从六个方面提出了建立农业标准化体系的设想。     

Study on the Distribution System of Rural Land Resources in China

In China,the distribution system of rural land resources is related to the farmers' benefit and the rural development.With the improvement of the farming productivity,the distribution system of rural land resources needs to be improved at present China.This paper has studied the changes of land distribution system in the ancient China,and pointed out some defects of the land distribution system that existed in the rural area of present China.At the end of this paper,it has also proposed some beneficial suggestion on the distribution system of rural land resources of future China,such as keeping the land villagers-owned system,put land-contract-right with the property right,protecting the land concentration trend and decreasing the pension function of the rural land etc.     

关于中国农业科研性质与深化体制改革的若干思考

阐述了农业科研的基本特征与性质,分析了目前中国农业科技体制改革与自主创新存在的一系列突出问题,对农业科研机构强行转变为企业等作法的弊端与教训,提出了恢复农业科研机构公益类性质、建设创新体系、增加创新人员编制、凝聚和培养人才、加大财政投入、长期稳定支持、转变投入方式、改善创新外部环境等继续深化农业科技体制改革的思路与建议。     

Research on the Ecology Benefit Compensate System of Water of West China

The ecological environment of west region is an important part of the whole ecological environment system of China. The west region has plentiful water resource. But the ecology of water is anxious, it is urgent to protect the water. A consummation ecology benefit compensate of water has significances for west China. This paper summaries the positive role of the ecology benefit compensate system for west China , and analyze the present situation of ecology benefit compensate system in west China, giving some suggestion on its establishment and consummation.     

Applications and Development of Expert System in Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper introduces the structure and characteristic of an expert system based on characteristics of wastewater treatment such as time-variation,nonlinearity,complexity and uncertainty.The paper then analyzes the status of wastewater treatment systems studies and existing disadvantages of expert systems.It shows that expert systems have been applied in nearly all aspects of wastewater treatment systems in other countries,but only initial work has been done in the People's Republic of China.The authors introduce the prospects for and trends in the application and study of expert systems in wastewater treatment.     

中国西南岩溶生态系统脆弱性研究进展

生态脆弱性已成为当前全球变化与可持续发展研究中的热点问题。中国西南岩溶生态系统作为特殊的生态系统,具有与其他地区不同的脆弱性特征,其脆弱性评价研究也比其他地区开展得更加广泛和深入,查阅和整理了近几年的相关期刊中关于岩溶生态脆弱性评价的文献,回顾和总结了研究指标、研究方法、研究内容等方面的研究,分析了目前岩溶地区的生态脆弱性评价,指出了岩溶生态脆弱性评价研究中仍然存在一些亟需解决的问题,指出要加强人地系统对区域及全球极端自然灾害的响应研究,特别是利用合适的生态模型对区域的生态脆弱性进行评估和模拟,为地区生态保护和生态恢复与重建提供重要依据。     

农产品污染物限量标准建设

目前中国已基本建成了农产品质量标准体系,但仍然存在诸如体系不完善,配套性、科学性、实用性还有待提高等问题。通过收集整理国内外农产品污染物限量标准,对中国食品、农产品中污染物最大残留限量的国家标准和行业标准进行全面分析,分类归纳了各项污染物限量标准,以期为污染物限量标准体系的构建提供有益依据,并提出农产品污染物限量标准建设的展望。     

Application of Piping Transport System in Solid Matter Transport

Piping transport system is a developing technology with wider prospects, which has been applied extensively abroad; it is still in embryo in China. The piping transport system is adopted in refining phosphorite transportation#of Guizhou Wengfu phosphorite mine, which is depigned by PSI Corporation. In this paper, the comparison of transportation systems, piping transport system design and the essentials in solid matter transport with piping system is discussed systematically.     

Research on the System and Models of Society-Economy-Environment Appraisal for Construction Project

The society-economy-environment appraisal for construction project can help our government to control macro-economy, make correlation policy and formulate laws and draw up city plan.It has great influence on the sustainable development of our society and it is the demand of the law for the environment evaluation in China.This paper introduced the basic structure of society-economy-environment appraisal system for construction project and the thought of elements transaction.Using the method of AHP, the model of project analyzing and optimizing selection is designed.For the more, the methods of the optimizing models on the selected schemes are put forward.Finally, the integrative analysis has been made on the system design and appliance of this appraisal system.     

Spatial Layout of Environmental Landscapes in Elderly Community

As China enters the aging society, the old-age care problems have grown increasingly serious. Influenced by the only-child policy, traditional old-age support system fails to adapt to new social situation, the institutions have become major subjects in the future old-age support system. Researches on the elderly-fi t architectural design have achieved many fruits, but those on the landscape design of the elderly community has been less reported. This paper studied landscape design of the old-age support institutions from the perspective of both theory and practice, and tried to explore the spatial layout of environmental landscapes in the elderly community. On the basis of sorting out specifi c psychological needs of the elderly group in China and their needs for the layout of landscape spaces, this paper proposed some effective solutions in view of successful elderly communities in overseas countries, then analyzed the development of elderly communities in China, so as to fi gure out landscape design approaches capable of promoting physical and mental health of the elderly group in the old-age support institutions.     

New Attempt for Building Rural Water Environment Management System Based on the Investigation and Analysis of Water Environment in Xianxia Town,Yudu County

Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuck in bottleneck. Based on the fi eld investigation in Xianxia Town, Yudu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, this paper explored the current situation of local water environment and the management diffi culties, then introduced the holistic view to integrate the linkage of government, market and society, proposed the universality of the individual case, and the new attempt centering on urban-rural integrated water environment management system with public participation mechanism, management subjects' benefit balance and coordination system, marketing operation mechanism and economic incentive mechanism as the extension.     

我国预制菜的食品安全保障及其法律回应

我国预制菜产品行业发展迅速,但与之相关的食品品质、食品安全及其配套保障等方面的标准和法规却并未同步发展。在实践中,预制菜品的专项食品安全国家标准尚未出台,安全溯源体系亟待优化,各地对于预制菜行业的监管标准尚不统一且不健全。分析了预制菜行业存在的问题,综述了已出台的规范与相关标准的现状及不足,提出我国预制菜行业的法治和标准化路径,指出应当在现行食品安全法律规范的基础上,建立健全更为完善的预制食品信息披露体系及质量安全监控体系,以期推动预制菜行业健康发展,为社会提供更安全和更高品质的食品。     

改革开放30年中国农业的发展 Ⅰ．成就

从1978年至今,我国实行改革开放已经30年了！在这风风雨雨的30年时间里,我国农业发生了翻天覆地的变化,取得了举世瞩目的伟大成就。作者从产量上升、品质改善、结构优化、产值增加、农民增收、消除贫困、转移劳力、模式多种、功能多样、科技进步、农民素质提升、保障体系建设、公共事业发展、国际竞争力增强等14个方面对改革开放30年中国农业发展取得的巨大成就进行了回顾与总结,对促进新世纪、新阶段中国农业的进一步向前发展具有一定的启发与参考价值。     

稻鸭共作系统的生态学效应研究进展

稻鸭共作技术作为一项环保型的生态农业技术,现已在中国多个省份和其他许多亚洲国家中得到应用和推广。稻鸭共作系统中具有很多的生态学效应。对该系统中鸭子活动对水稻植株产量性状、群体结构、稻田杂草、水稻病虫害与天敌、稻田土壤、稻田水体、稻米品质、稻田环境质量的影响效应等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并指出今后应加强对上述生态学效应的内在机理与生态学过程等方面的深入研究,以便更好地服务于实践。     

中国特色淡水鱼产业竞争优势研究

为分析中国特色淡水鱼产业竞争力,以迈克尔·波特钻石模型为基础,对中国31个省份和地区的特色淡水鱼产业竞争力进行分析。通过构建特色淡水鱼产业竞争力评价指标体系,对罗非鱼、鳗鱼、鮰鱼和鲟鱼4个主要出口品种的竞争优势情况进行对比,分析中国特色淡水鱼产业的现实竞争力和国际竞争力。研究表明：（1）国内特色淡水鱼产业在生产竞争力要素方面,资源禀赋优势明显;在市场需求要素方面,特色淡水鱼消费量日益增长;在关联产业和市场结构和竞争方面,特色淡水鱼加工品的技术含量和经济附加值有待提高,特色淡水鱼专用饲料产业化应用较小,规模企业数量有待增长;在机遇和政府政策方面,逐渐建立起绿色健康生态养殖制度体系。（2）特色淡水鱼产品资源禀赋系数始终维持在1.0以上,具有明显的资源禀赋优势;中国特色淡水鱼产品整体国际市场占有率为73.22%;贸易竞争力指数接近1;罗非鱼和鳗鱼的显示性比较优势系数大于6,说明中国特色淡水鱼产品国内外市场竞争优势明显。     

现代节水农业技术的研究进展及发展趋势

总结了当今世界节水农业技术的研究进展与发展趋势,预测了现代节水农业技术研究带来的突破与贡献。指出现代节水农业技术是传统的节水农业技术与生物、计算机模拟、电子信息和高分子材料等高新技术结合的产物,具有多学科相互交叉、各种单项技术互相渗透的明显特征,以此为基础,说明了我国现代节水农业技术研究的重点,即以重大前沿生物技术研究为基础,研发与农业节水相关的重要关键技术,并探索建立适合国情的现代节水农业技术体系。     

新冠疫情下中国进口水产品供应链的问题与对策建议

研究全球水产品供应情况和中国水产品进口需求及相关问题,旨在缓解新冠肺炎疫情带来的冲击,保障中国进口水产品的安全和供应链的稳定运行。笔者调研分析全球和中国的水产品的供应现状、供应链中存在的问题和已采取的相关措施,并提出相应的对策和建议。受疫情影响,全球水产品贸易略有缩减,供应环节和交易场所都存在病毒感染的风险,针对这些危机,联合国粮农组织和中国都已采取多项措施,例如发布相关企业操作指南、利用数字化促进电子贸易、督促严格的人员管理、加强港口检疫、改进市场销售模式等。在此基础上,建议通过建立产品全程可追溯系统、加强重点产品防疫强度和产品质量检测、创新消费模式和服务模式、建立一系列应急响应机制等措施,保障中国进口水产品的安全。     

Curriculum System Construction for Art and Design Major in the Transition between Secondary and Higher Vocational Education

Cooperative secondary and higher vocational education has been gradually launched in China,however,the curriculum system for the transition between both has not been fully established in many professional fields,such as art and design major,and has been confined by many disadvantages and perception problems.Taking the students of art design and production major co-cultivated by Nanjing Vocational College of Industry and Technology,Nanjing Xuanwu Secondary School,Jiangsu Dingyi International Cultural Creative Industry Co.,Ltd.,this paper explored the contents and methods of constructing curriculum system in sectionalized secondary and higher vocational education,in order to provide references for the art and design curriculum transition between secondary and higher vocational education,and to further promote the transition between secondary and higher vocational education.     

西部-东部人才需求-供给模型及其动力学分析

本文以西部人才需求、东部（沪苏浙等高校集中地区）人才供给为背景建立西部-东部人才需求-供给系统,定量研究人才西输、人力资源开发利用中西、东联动双赢战略,从动力学角度出发,从理论推导和数值计算两方面讨论了系统平衡态的稳定性。结果表明,通过调节参数可以使系统处于稳定发展的区域中。