绿鬣蜥行为训练研究

2011年1～12月,对成都动物园两爬馆饲养展出的3只幼年绿鬣蜥,采用正面强化法进行了训练。结果表明：3只绿鬣蜥经过4～9d的训练都可以按照训练员的指令触碰目标棒;再经过20d左右的训练,它们就可以跟随目标棒移动并开始爬上秤台,从而可以称量它们的体重。同时经过训练的绿鬣蜥,在木棒的颜色发生变化后,会很快地接受新颜色的目标棒。行为训练有助于对幼年绿鬣蜥头体长、尾长和体重顺利进行测量。     

寒鸦繁殖生态的研究

１９９２－１９９４年间于河北省塞罕坝地区对寒鸦繁殖生态进行了研究，包括其繁殖期的求偶、交尾、筑巢、产卵、育雏以及雏鸟的生长变化、日平均增长量和食性等，并对繁殖期的天敌进行了观察。     

珠颈斑鸠的繁殖生态

珠颈斑鸠(Streptopelia chinensis)别名珍珠鸠、水咕咕等,为典型的植食性鸟类。于1997~1999年4~9月,在山西历山自然保护区及其周边一些地区,对该鸟繁殖习性进行了观察,现报道如下。     

田鹨的繁殖生态

田鹨(AnthusNortaeselandiae)是一种分布较广的鸟,有关其繁殖生态的研究,以往专题报道较少,现将我们1974年在黑龙江额尔古纳左旗对田鹨的观察报道如下,以供进一步研究的参考。一、繁殖期田鹨分布于山坡、低湿草地、耕地的附近。5月下旬,我们观察到田鹨成对活动,并衔取巢材开始营巢,6月下旬见到巢中有卵,7月上旬见到雏鸟出巢,根据其孵卵及育雏时间的长短,可推知其繁殖期为5—7月。田鹨在该地区每年繁殖一窝。二、营巢田鹨雌雄共同担任营巢。巢营于苗圃小路水沟缘凹陷内,被草本植物遮盖,巢构造较粗糙。营巢     

花面狸生态习性的观察

花面狸多在夜间到处走动、游戏、登高、整理毛被、觅食和排便 ,白昼多睡卧。活动时间、节律、强度和范围随季节而异。多沿熟途而行 ,受惊动、遇异物迅即隐蔽、逃遁。花面狸领域性较强 ,多以粪、尿和腺体分泌物标记领域和传递信息。在饲养条件下进行调教和训练可使其获得新的行为     

藏马鸡繁殖生态初步研究

藏马鸡繁殖生态初步研究格玛江初，董德福，龙文祥（云南省白马雪山国家级自然保护区管理局德钦６７４５００）藏马鸡（ｃｒｏｓｓｏｐｔｉｌｏｎｃｒｏｓｓｏｐｔｉｌｏｎ为我国特产，仅分布四川西部、青海南部、西藏东部和云南西北部．由于栖息地的破坏和滥猎，加上自身...     

Alfaxalone anaesthesia in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

ObjectiveTo characterise the anaesthetic effects of alfaxalone administered intramuscularly (IM) at 10, 20, and 30 mg kg^?1.Study designProspective, randomized cross-over study.AnimalsTen juvenile green iguanas (Iguana iguana) of mean body weight (±SD) 480 ± 134 g.MethodsAlfaxalone was administered IM in the triceps of both thoracic limbs. Times for anaesthetic induction, plateau and recovery periods were recorded. Skeletal muscle tone of the jaw, neck, thoracic limbs, pelvic limbs, and tail was scored. The palpebral, corneal and righting reflexes, and the response to painful stimuli were also assessed. Pulse rate and respiratory rate were recorded. Comparisons between different dosages and over time were made using anova.ResultsTimes are given for 10, 20 and 30 mg kg^?1 dosages respectively: mean time to maximal effect was 7.7 ± 2.2, 5.4 ± 1.7 and 3.9 ± 1.2 minutes; duration of the plateau phase was 11.3 ± 3.8, 22.1 ± 6.5 and 39.1 ± 11.5 minutes; recovery time was 10 ± 2.4, 17.5 ± 8.6 and 25 ± 7.1 minutes; and total anaesthetic duration was 29 ± 35.7, 45 ± 8.2 and 68 ± 9.8 minutes. Endotracheal intubation was possible in 40% of the subjects given 10 mg kg^?1 and in 100% subjects given both 20 and 30 mg kg^?1. Loss of response to a painful stimulus was seen in 0/10, 8/10 and 9/10 animals at 10, 20, and 30 mg kg^?1 respectively. There was an initial dose-dependent depression of respiration followed by a significant increase in frequency over time. In contrast, pulse rates decreased by 20% over the duration of the anaesthetic events.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntramuscular administration of alfaxalone is a simple, rapid and reliable means of achieving relatively brief sedation or anaesthesia in healthy green iguanas. A dosage of 10 mg kg^?1 provides light sedation, appropriate for examination and venipuncture; 20 mg kg^?1 provides a level suitable for minor procedures or for endotracheal intubation and supplementation with inhalational anaesthesia; 30 mg kg^?1 produces an anaesthetic plane suitable for surgical procedures of limited duration (up to 40 minutes).     

The cardiovascular dose-response effects of isoflurane alone and combined with butorphanol in the green iguana (Iguana iguana)

Objective To assess the cardiovascular effects (arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolic acid–base status) of three doses (MAC multiples) of isoflurane alone and combined with butorphanol in the green iguana (Iguana iguana). Study design Prospective randomized double‐blind, two‐period cross‐over trial. Animals Six mature healthy green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Methods The iguanas received each of two treatments, saline 0.1 mL kg^?1 (SAL) and butorphanol 1.0 mg kg^?1 (BUT) during isoflurane anesthesia. Treatments were separated by at least 1 week. The iguanas were exposed to each of the three minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) multiples (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) in random order. Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane and maintained using controlled ventilation. Instrumentation included use of an ECG, airway gas monitor, cloacal thermometer, esophageal pulse oximeter, and the placement of a femoral arterial catheter. Body temperature was stabilized and maintained at 32 °C. The treatment was administered, and the animals were equilibrated for 20 minutes at each MAC multiple. At each concentration, the heart rate, blood pressure (systolic, mean, diastolic), end‐tidal CO₂, and SpO₂ were measured. At 1.0 and 2.0 MAC, simultaneous blood samples were drawn from the tail vein/artery complex and femoral catheter for blood gas analysis. Data were analyzed using a two‐way analysis of variance for repeated measures looking for differences between treatments and among MAC multiples. Results There were no significant differences in any of the cardiovascular variables between the treatments. Significant differences among isoflurane MAC multiples were observed for HR, mean, diastolic, and systolic blood pressures. Blood pressure and heart rate decreased with an increasing dose of anesthetic. There were no significant differences between treatments or MAC multiples for any of the blood gas variables. The blood pH, PCO₂, HCO₃^?, and hemoglobin saturation differed significantly between sites. Pulse oximetry values measured from the carotid complex did not correlate with and were significantly different from the calculated hemoglobin saturation values determined using the gas analyzer. Conclusion and clinical relevance Cardiovascular depression associated with isoflurane anesthesia in the green iguana is dose dependent. The degree of cardiovascular depression was not significantly different when isoflurane was combined with butorphanol. This finding suggests that the pre‐emptive or intraoperative use of butorphanol is unlikely to be detrimental to cardiovascular function. Butorphanol may be a useful anesthetic adjunct to isoflurane anesthesia in the green iguana.     

燕麦的繁殖分配与繁殖输出

在不同密度条件下，燕麦的繁殖能力与个体大小等关系行存以下4个方面的表现：1．繁殖分配比例值变化不明显；2．个体大小与密度梯度呈负相关；3．繁殖体数量与密度梯度呈负相关；4．繁殖体重量在密度梯度上的差异不显著     

亚洲象的繁殖观察

济南动物园所饲养的亚洲象（Elephas maximus）于1997年首次繁殖成功,现已繁殖3胎3仔,幼象生长发育正常。在繁殖过程中,对亚洲象的发情、交配、妊娠、分娩、幼象发育等进行了详细观察,积累了亚洲象繁殖的资料和经验。     

七彩山鸡繁殖特性的研究

本文从七彩山鸡的性成熟、繁殖季节、产蛋规律、适宜产蛋场所、饲养密度、对受精率、孵化率的影响,营养对产蛋的影响、种蛋的品质以及七彩山鸡产蛋全期受精率、孵化率的变化规律等８个方面,对七彩山鸡的繁殖特性进行了研究。     

公麝的生殖系统观察

解剖观察的结果表明 ,公麝的睾丸头朝上 ,附睾缘朝向后方。输精管末段形成梭形的输精管壶腹。副性腺发达 ,阴茎细而长 ,阴茎头呈左右扭转的圆锥形 ,尿道突细而长。香囊分泌物的气味可吸引异性     

虎斑颈槽蛇的生殖生态学探讨

虎斑颈槽蛇雄性睾丸于５ 月达最大值,随后逐渐减小,到冬眠期至最轻。雌性产卵期为６ ～７ 月中旬,卵生,一年一次性产卵６ ～２２ 枚,孵化期为４１ ～４３ ｄ。本文较详细观察和描述了１１ ～１６ 期胎蛇的外部形态特征和发育时序。