贵州省百香果设施栽培中的主要病虫害防治

近年来,百香果因其果色美丽、营养丰富和风味独特吸引了众多消费者。百香果产业在贵州省逐步推广,设施栽培面积逐渐扩大。在设施栽培条件下,百香果生长过程易受到多种病虫害为害,所以在设施内种植百香果需要重点关注如何识别病虫害种类和如何有效防治病虫害。文章重点分析了贵州省百香果设施栽培中常见的不同病虫害,提出了农业防治、物理防治和化学防治等科学防治措施,为相关百香果设施栽培提供技术参考。     

果树栽培管理技术及病虫害防治措施分析

农产品栽培的技术水平直接影响着我国农业经济社会的整体发展水平,果树作为农业种植领域中的重要组成部分,其有着非常广泛的发展前景,但在发展的过程中面临着较多的技术问题,尤其是在病虫害防控和种植管理等技术方面,还需进一步完善和提高。通过对近几年来贵州省果树栽培的实际情况分析后来看,要想做好果树管理工作,必须要提高对果树栽培技术与病虫害防治工作的重视程度,并根据不同的果树生长状况来采取相应措施,有效地解决现阶段的果品安全问题。本文从果树种植特点与影响因素方面出发,并详细研究果树的栽培技术以及防治病虫害的措施,皆为果树栽培管理者提供参考。     

果树栽培管理技术及病虫害防治措施分析

我国是个农业强国,农产品栽培的技术水平也会直接影响着农业经济社会的整体发展水平。果树作为农业种植领域中的重要组成部分,其有着非常广泛的发展前景,不过在发展的过程中也面临着较多的技术问题,尤其是在病虫害防控和种植管理等技术方面,还需进一步地完善和提高。通过对近几年来朝阳市果树栽培的实际情况分析,要想做好果树管理工作,必须要提高对果树栽培技术与病虫害防治工作的重视程度,并根据不同的果树生长状况来采取相应措施,从而有效地解决现阶段的果品安全问题。本文从果树种植特点与影响因素方面出发,并详细研究果树的栽培技术以及防治病虫害的措施,皆为果树栽培管理者提供参考。     

果树栽培技术及病虫害防治方法论述

水果作为人们生活中的重要食物,对水果的需求与品质追求逐渐提升,为了满足人们的需求,应当加强对果树栽培技术的研究。基于此,针对果树栽培技术和病虫害防治方法进行了论述,分析了果树栽培中的影响因素,探讨了具体的栽培技术,提出了果树病虫害防治方法,以便能够获得良好栽培效果。     

果树病虫害防治存在问题与解决策略探讨

近些年,随着我国农业生产水平的不断提升,果树种植得到了更多关注与重视。但是在果树生长过程中,会出现各种各样的病虫害问题,对果树生长造成了严重的不良影响,比如影响果树长势、引发更大规模的果树病虫害问题、降低果树抗病虫害能力等,因此加强果树病虫害防治工作,提高防治效果已成为了当前果树种植业发展过程中的首要目标之一。为此,文章结合果树病虫害防治存在的问题,提出了农业防治、化学防治、生物防治、规范果树栽培管理过程、精准把握病虫害防治时机等解决问题的有效策略,分析了病虫害及其防治技术手段,希望能够借此进一步提高我国果树病虫害的防治水平。     

试论果树病虫害综合防治技术

果树种植是帮助农户创收的重要渠道,果树收成情况直接对农业经济效益乃至农业事业的发展起到主导作用。鉴于果树病虫害为害较大的特点,提出了综合防治技术,以期给农户及相关技术人员提供参考。     

早熟梨主要病虫害绿色防治技术要点

近年来,我国市场中对于各种水果的需求量不断激增,其中对梨有较大的需求。梨富含维生素C,且口感良好,因此受到了越来越多人的喜爱,各个地区也把握住了这一发展机遇,大力发展梨种植业,以早熟梨为代表,各种梨的种植技术与方法得到了广泛传播与推广。在早熟梨种植过程中,做好病虫害防治工作至关重要,这是提高早熟梨品质与产量的有效路径。为此,文章结合早熟梨的主要病虫害种类及为害规律,从栽培管理、重点生态农业防治期、生长期病虫害防治、病虫害重点监控期、防治药剂选型与防治适宜期、物理防治等角度出发,着重分析了绿色防治技术要点,希望能够借此进一步提升早熟梨品质与产量。     

大樱桃生理落花落果特性及调控机制研究进展

生理落花落果作为果树生产中普遍发生的现象,严重制约大樱桃产业的可持续发展。近年来,有关大樱桃生理落花落果特性及调控机制方面的研究也取得了较大的进展。本文主要从栽培环境、花粉形态特征及活力、果柄离区组织结构、碳水化合物含量、植物激素水平及落果相关酶类等主要生理因素,同时,结合果实脱落相关基因的表达调控,对大樱桃生理落花落果特性及调控机制进行综述,旨在为全面解析大樱桃生理落花落果特性及机制提供更多研究思路,同时为后续的研究提供参考。     

小麦播种期的病虫害综合防治

小麦是我国主要的农作物之一,种植范围广泛。但小麦在生长的过程中会遇到多种类型的病虫害,尤其是在小麦播种期病虫害为害较大,严重影响小麦的产量和质量。播种期预防小麦病虫害是关键时期,应该分析病虫害的种类和发病原因,针对不同种类的病虫害提出科学的防治措施。播种期小麦遇到的病虫害包括白粉病、锈病、赤霉病、叶枯病和麦蚜虫等,文章分析了几种病害的发病症状和规律,提出了科学的防治方法,以期为小麦的病虫害防治提供参考。     

广西经济作物病虫害预报

<正>前段时间由于台风的影响,广西局部地区出现了严重的洪涝灾害,各地农作物遭到不同程度的损失。台风雨过后,田间小气候有利于蔬菜、果树、茶等经济作物病虫害的发生为害,因此各地要做好洪涝灾后经济作物病虫害的调查和指导防治工作。1.蔬菜病虫。雨后高温高湿的田间小气候利于病虫繁殖为害,病原孢子萌发扩散,害虫发生集聚为害。瓜类霜霉病、白     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.