铁肥根系输液矫正苹果缺铁失绿症效果及其机理

根系输液条件下,Ｎ－Ｆｅ能够在短时间内有效地矫正苹果缺铁失绿症,ＥＤＴＡ－Ｆｅ容易产生肥害,柠檬酸铁效果居中。红色邻二氮杂菲铁示踪结果表明：二价铁肥根系输处理时仍以二价态由根被动吸收,运输到根、茎、叶和主脉内,运输部位都是靠近形成层的木质部,运输速度每小时可达数十厘米。室内营养液培养的八棱海棠苗用＾５９Ｆｅ示踪结果表明,断根中分配的＾５９Ｆｅ为１９．３％,叶中分配的＾５９Ｆｅ占７０．９％,八棱海棠     

树干高压注射铁肥矫正苹果失绿症及其机理

利用N-Fe、邻二氮杂菲铁和.59Fe作为铁源,以3-8年生富士／八棱海棠为试材进行主干强力高压注射试验。结果表明,铁肥树干强力高压注射,主要以二价铁(Fe2+)沿中央木质部的导管运输,大部分向下运输,使铁在根中大量贮存;向上运输较少,运输速度为每小时数百厘米,矫正缺铁失绿症的速度比根系输液慢,但由于根中贮存大量的铁,持效期较长。主干强力高压注射产生肥害的机理是先使吸收根中毒,然后导致叶片枯萎,提高注射部位,提高注射液浓度和减少注射的用药量,可以防止或减轻肥害的产生。     

铁肥虹吸输液对缺铁失绿苹果叶片光合生理指标和荧光参数的影响

为了进一步探索矫正苹果缺铁失绿症途径,采用铁肥虹吸输液方法,研究了铁肥虹吸输液对缺铁黄化叶片复绿,叶片解剖结构、 色素含量、 光合生理指标和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,虹吸输液处理的复绿苹果叶片单个细胞叶绿体数目比对照增加了3.6个,淀粉粒有所减少;叶绿体内基粒结构更清晰、 垛叠增多;线粒体内嵴数量增多、 清晰度提高;叶绿体和线粒体的被膜结构得到修复。虹吸输铁后失绿程度由2.00级恢复到0.49级;铁肥虹吸输液显著提高了叶片的光合速率、 气孔导度,降低了细胞间隙的CO2浓度。输铁处理其PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）和PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）均为最高。缺铁失绿苹果叶片叶绿素a、 叶绿素b含量分别比未输液对照增加2.97倍和3.18 倍。说明采取铁肥虹吸输液的方法能够矫正苹果缺铁失绿症。     

不同铁制剂与施用方法对矫正花生缺铁黄化症的效果

研究了在盆栽和田间小区试验条件下,叶面和土壤施用铁肥以及土施酸化肥料对纠正花生缺铁黄化症的作用效果。在盆栽条件下,叶面喷施黄腐酸铁(FeFA)、土施硫酸亚铁及酸化肥料都可以提高花生新叶中活性铁以及叶绿素含量,促进花生植株的生长;在田间小区栽培条件下,叶面喷施FeFA可以提高花生的叶绿素含量,尿素与FeFA结合使用的作用效果大于单喷FeFA。土施硫酸亚铁在花生生长前期提高了花生叶绿素含量,后期作用不明显。叶面喷施与土施铁肥都可以增加花生产量,土施铁肥的作用效果不如叶面喷施效果明显,酸化肥料对提高花生叶绿素含量及产量没有明显效果。     

果树专用肥的供铁机理研究

采用土培方法系统研究了不同施肥处理下土壤有机质、PH值、HCO3^-及有效铁含量的动态变化。表明，果树专用肥高效供铁与增加土壤有机质含量，降低PH值密切相关，对土壤中HCO3^-含量没有明显调控作用，同时说明专用肥中的有机螯合态铁在土壤中具有很强的稳定性与有效性。     

果树根系分区交替灌溉研究进展

通过对国内外分根区交替灌溉研究成果分析,综述了一种既能满足果树水分需求,又能控制植株长势、减少“奢侈”蒸腾、改善果实品质的果园节水灌溉新技术——果树根系分区交替灌溉,阐明了其理论体系和节水优产机理,概述了与该技术有关的部分根区干燥技术研究现状和存在的问题,提出了几种适合在果园应用的根系分区交替灌溉技术实施模式并对其可行性进行了探讨。分析了果树根系分区交替灌溉技术的应用前景和需要进一步研究的问题。     

包膜缓释铁肥防治花生缺铁黄化的效果研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了包膜缓释铁肥防治花生黄化的效果。结果表明,施用包膜缓释铁肥后,花生产量处理间差异达极显著水平,并影响花生体内活性铁和叶片中叶绿素含量。花生荚果产量与苗期新叶活性铁、叶绿素含量和开花下针期活性铁和叶绿素含量呈显著或极显著正相关。     

果树专用肥的供铁机理研究

采用土培方法系统研究了不同施肥处理下土壤有机质、p H值、HCO3 -及有效铁含量的动态变化。表明 ,果树专用肥高效供铁与增加土壤有机质含量 ,降低 p H值密切相关 ,对土壤中HCO3 -含量没有明显调控作用。同时说明专用肥中有机螯合态铁在土壤中具有很强的稳定性与有效性。     

常见铁肥品种及其使用效果综述

铁是植物正常生长必需的微量营养元素之一。铁虽然在土壤中的丰度很高,但植物可以吸收利用的有效铁很少,导致植物极易缺铁,尤其是在干旱、半干旱的石灰性土壤上,缺铁现象较为严重。利用农艺和生物技术手段解决植物缺铁的效果尚不十分明显,施用铁肥仍是纠正植物缺铁常用的有效方法。国内常用铁肥品种主要有硫酸亚铁为主的无机铁肥和一些有机物与铁复合形成的铁肥(木质素磺酸铁、腐殖酸铁)。乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)铁肥稳定性相对较低,且EDTA会转化成二酮哌嗪,成为持久性有机污染物。国外推广使用乙二胺二邻羟苯基乙酸(EDDHA)、乙二胺二(2-羟基-4-甲酰-苯基)乙酸(EDDHMA)、乙二胺二(2-羟基-4-磺基-苯基)乙酸(EDDHSA)等新型螯合铁肥,用作土施或叶面喷施。另外市场上也出现了新型缓释铁肥和一些可生物降解螯合铁肥,如亚氨基二琥珀酸铁(IDHA/Fe3+)和乙二胺二琥珀酸铁(EDDS/Fe3+)。本文就常见的铁肥品种及其性质与效果等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

石灰性土壤中铁肥的形态转化及其供铁机理研究

通过土培试验的方法 ,研究了复混铁肥、硫酸亚铁两种肥料在石灰性土壤中的形态转化、对土壤因子的调控作用及在有效性上的差异。结果表明 ,与硫酸亚铁相比 ,复混铁肥具有更强的调控土壤因子的能力 ,并提高了铁在有效和较有效形态中的分配 ,显著增加了有效铁的供给。结果也表明 ,交换态铁、碳酸盐结合态铁和氧化锰结合态铁是石灰性土壤中有效铁的主要供给形态。土壤pH值、有机质与土壤铁动态密切相关     

Effectiveness of iron chelates and FeSO4 for correcting iron chlorosis of peanut on calcareous soils

The effectivenness of different Fe chelates to correct lime induced chlorosis of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was tested on calcareous soils in Cyprus. Among the chelates tested, Fe‐DTPA and Fe‐EDTA were less effective than Fe‐EDDHA. In one experiment. Fe‐EDDHMA Was less effective while in another experiment was equally effective compared to Fe‐EDDHA . Three different commercial chelates of the form Fe‐EDDHA were equally effective in correcting iron chlorosis. The stability of the Fe‐EDDHA chelate in the soil does not affect its efficiency in curing chlorosis of peanut due to the short growing season for this crop. Ferrous sulfate applied without an acidifying soil amendment was not effective to correct iron chlorosis of peanut.     

Prognosis and correction of iron chlorosis in peach trees: Influence on fruit quality

A floral analysis for iron (Fe) content allowed for the prognosis of the incidence of the Fe chlorosis on peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees (c.v. ‘Babygold 7’ grafted on seedlings) with high reliability. From a total of 35 peach trees analyzed, six of them had floral Fe dry matter concentrations less than 133 ppm and these six trees later developed severe Fe chlorosis in their leaves. The early detection and correction of Fe deficiency permitted us to measure the influence of Fe chlorosis on fruit quality as Fe correction resulted in a doubling of frait size and avoidance of the delay of frait ripeness that occurred on the Fe‐deficient trees.     

Mineral composition of peach leaves affected by iron chlorosis

The effect of Fe chlorosis on the mineral composition of field grown peach tree leaves was studied in two different areas. No significant differences in total Fe content were found, whereas 2,2’ bipyridyl extractable Fe, K and the K/Ca ratio were significantly affected in both experiments. Phosphorus and the P/Fe ratio were significantly affected only in one experiment.     

Mineral composition of peach leaves affected by iron chlorosis

Abstract

The effect of Fe chlorosis on the mineral composition of field grown peach tree leaves was studied in two different areas. No significant differences in total Fe content were found, whereas 2,2’ bipyridyl extractable Fe, K and the K/Ca ratio were significantly affected in both experiments. Phosphorus and the P/Fe ratio were significantly affected only in one experiment.     

Evaluating grain sorghum hybrids for tolerance to iron chlorosis

Grain sorghum production in calcareous soils is frequently affected by iron (Fe) chlorosis. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to screen sorghum hybrids for their tolerance to iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) and evaluate the effectiveness of Fe chelate application in alleviating IDC. Treatments in Exp. 1 were a factorial combination of 14 sorghum hybrids and three Fe chelate application rates (0, 3.4 and 6.8?kg product ha^?1) applied in-furrow with the seed at the time of planting. Exp. 2 evaluated two sorghum hybrids (85Y40 and NK5418) and three Fe chelate rates (0 and 3.4?kg product ha^?1) at planting, and a split treatment of 3.4?kg ha^?1. Results showed iron chelate application suppressed IDC and increased leaf chlorophyll content and grain yield in susceptible hybrids. Split application of Fe chelate suppressed IDC and increased grain yield. Our results indicate sorghum hybrids G8G08, 86G32 and 87P06 showed promise for tolerance to IDC.     

Prognosis of iron chlorosis in apple trees by floral analysis

In populations of apple trees (Malus pumila Mill) affected by iron (Fe) chlorosis, the floral analyses permit to establish relationships between the Fe concentration in flowers and the chlorophyll content in leaves at 60 and 120 days after full bloom. The relationships between both parameters were highly significant with correlation coefficients of 0.603*** and 0.872***, respectively. As from previous research with peach trees, these high correlations permitted us to predict at a very early stage, the appearance of the Fe deficiency and its intensity. In our experimental conditions, the first visual symptoms of the Fe chlorosis appear in apple leaves with floral Fe concentrations below 310 ppm in dry matter.     

小麦与花生间作改善花生铁营养的效应研究

采用砂-土联合培养根箱试验装置,模拟田间试验研究石灰性土壤小麦与花生间作改善花生Fe营养的效应结果表明,石灰性土壤高pH和高CaCO3是导致花生缺Fe黄化的主要原因。叶片已发生黄化的花生与小麦间作可明显改善花生缺Fe症状,间作16d后花生根际土壤有效铁含量、花生新叶叶绿素和活性Fe含量均显著提高。小麦与花生间作对改善花生Fe营养的效应可能与缺Fe小麦根分泌的Fe载体对土壤中Fe活化有关。