北京口岸进境伴侣动物隔离检疫的现状及思考

本文介绍了北京口岸进境伴侣动物隔离检疫的现状,包括动物隔离检疫监管体系、动物隔离场的职能和隔离检疫的流程。并通过具体实践,分析了隔离检疫期间存在的问题,并提出相应建议。     

伴侣动物用非细胞毒类抗肿瘤药临床试验设计及评价要点

肿瘤已经成为影响伴侣动物生存和生活质量的主要疾病之一,伴侣动物临床罹患多种复杂、高异质性肿瘤,然而目前临床却面临无药可用的尴尬局面。相较于人肿瘤治疗目的,伴侣动物肿瘤治疗更关注患肿瘤动物生活质量的改善。非细胞毒类抗肿瘤药的靶向作用在肿瘤治疗过程中可以极大减少药物对伴侣动物自身的伤害,因而,被越来越多的研发者所关注。结合伴侣动物用非细胞毒类抗肿瘤药临床试验文献及技术指南要求对伴侣动物用非细胞毒类抗肿瘤药研发中的临床试验设计、疗效评价及其要点进行分析,旨在为伴侣动物非细胞毒类肿瘤药研发者提供参考。     

动物体内致畸试验中常见阳性对照剂

致畸试验是鉴定动物致畸物的标准试验法,在评价药物、化妆品、保健品及农药的生殖毒性研究中至关重要。理想的致畸试验所用的实验动物对受试物的代谢过程应与人相近,胎盘结构亦相似,产仔多、孕期短、价廉、来源容易及操作方便。大鼠、小鼠及家兔常常是致畸试验中首选的实验动物。研究中为保持试验背景的一致,常常设立阳性对照组,其中阳性对照剂的选择对于确保试验结果的真实性及可靠非常重要。为此,查阅国内外阳性对照剂在大鼠、小鼠及家兔使用的相关文献,并进行汇总,以探讨不同的阳性对照剂对大小鼠及家兔的致畸范围、致畸情况,为有关研究提供参考。     

鹿科动物和斑马巴氏杆菌病的诊断

针对我国鹿科动物和斑马发生以高热和出血民生败血症为特征病例，进行细菌的分离鉴定并采制鼻道拭子，结果从鼻拭子和病死动物组织中均分离到多杀巴氏杆菌。该菌菌落为Ｆg型 落，琼扩试验证明含有Ｂ型抗原。该菌对蒽诺沙星和二甲硝咪唑敏感。通过加强饲养管理，注射蒽诺沙星，二甲硝咪唑饮水有效控制巴氏杆菌病的发生。本研究提示动物本身是带菌者，免疫机能的强弱是发病的重要因素。     

The process of building a new governmental authority based on public demands for improved animal welfare

Sweden has a long history of detailed and progressive legislation related to animal welfare for laboratory, farm and companion animals. Previously, these issues have been the responsibility of the Swedish Board of Agriculture (SBA). As a growing proportion of the public opinion and the political establishment felt that the animal welfare related issues were not given proper attention at the SBA, a political decision was recently made to separate animal housing, management and welfare from the SBA and create an independent Animal Welfare Agency. This Agency was formally launched on January 1st 2004. The government has commissioned the Agency to improve animal welfare by evaluating, enforcing and developing legislation. The agency should consider scientific evidence when writing new legislation. Also, the Agency incorporates an external Animal Welfare Council, which, among other things, discusses ethical aspects in relation to existing or proposed legislature. The new Agency must deal with a diversity of public expectations. Animal rights groups have high expectations regarding new and stricter legislation, for example related to fur animals, while some farmers fear that production aspects may be completely lost in discussions about improving welfare standards for farm animals.     

Use of Aspiration Method for Collecting Brain Samples for Rabies Diagnosis in Small Wild Animals

In developing countries such as Brazil, where canine rabies is still a considerable problem, samples from wildlife species are infrequently collected and submitted for screening for rabies. A collaborative study was established involving environmental biologists and veterinarians for rabies epidemiological research in a specific ecological area located at the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The wild animals’ brains are required to be collected without skull damage because the skull’s measurements are important in the identification of the captured animal species. For this purpose, samples from bats and small mammals were collected using an aspiration method by inserting a plastic pipette into the brain through the magnum foramen. While there is a progressive increase in the use of the plastic pipette technique in various studies undertaken, it is also appreciated that this method could foster collaborative research between wildlife scientists and rabies epidemiologists thus improving rabies surveillance.     

高通量筛选差异表达基因技术及其在家畜中的应用

差异表达基因筛选技术是研究生物重要经济性状相关基因或抗病相关基因的有力工具。作者总结了近年来发展起来的几种高通量筛选差异表达基因的技术,并对其原理、流程及在家畜中的应用作了简要介绍。     

毛苕子与燕麦适宜混播比例的筛选试验

毛苕子和燕麦混播,可提高产草量和饲草品质,在不同混播比例筛选中,以毛苕子：燕麦种子用量为3：5的混播比例比其他混播比例增产效果明显。     

Expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in neoplasms of dogs and cats

BACKGROUND: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), RANK-ligand (RANKL), and the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) form a key axis modulating osteoclastogenesis. In health, RANKL-expressing bone stromal cells and osteoblasts activate osteoclasts through RANK ligation, resulting in homeostatic bone resorption. Skeletal tumors of dogs and cats, whether primary or metastatic, may express RANKL and directly induce malignant osteolysis. HYPOTHESIS: Bone malignancies of dogs and cats may express RANKL, thereby contributing to pathologic bone resorption and pain. Furthermore, relative RANKL expression in bone tumors may correlate with radiographic characteristics of bone pathology. ANIMALS: Forty-two dogs and 6 cats with spontaneously-occurring tumors involving bones or soft tissues were evaluated. METHODS: A polyclonal anti-human RANKL antibody was validated for use in canine and feline cells by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Fifty cytologic specimens were collected from bone and soft tissue tumors of 48 tumor-bearing animals and assessed for RANKL expression. In 15 canine osteosarcoma (OSA) samples, relative RANKL expression was correlated with radiographic characteristics of bone pathology. RESULTS: Expression of RANKL by neoplastic cells was identified in 32/44 canine and 5/6 feline tumor samples. In 15 dogs with OSA, relative RANKL expression did not correlate with either radiographic osteolysis or bone mineral density as assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: In dogs and cats, tumors classically involving bone and causing pain, often may express RANKL. Confirming RANKL expression in tumors is a necessary step toward the rational institution of novel therapies targeting malignant osteolysis via RANKL antagonism.     

Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Diabetes Mellitus

Background

Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been increasingly used as a marker of early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, but little is known about the influence of comorbidities on SDMA in this species.

Hypothesis

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and diabetes mellitus (DM), independently of CKD, are associated with changes in serum SDMA.

Animals

Ninety‐four cats (17 with CKD, 40 with HCM, 17 with DM, and 20 healthy controls).

Methods

Case‐control study. Clinical examination, echocardiography, ECG, blood pressure, CBC, biochemistry, thyroxine, and SDMA measurement were performed. Urinalysis was performed in controls and cats with CKD and DM. Analysis of variance was used to compare overall differences in the log‐transformed SDMA data among groups. A random forest algorithm was applied to explore which clinical and other factors influenced serum SDMA.

Results

Median (range) serum SDMA for the renal group (positive control) was 19 (10–93) μg/dL, whereas for the control group (negative control), it was 10 (5–15) μg/dL. For the cardiac and diabetic groups, serum SDMA was 9 (4–24) μg/dL and 7 (3–11) μg/dL, respectively. The renal group had significantly higher SDMA concentrations and the diabetic group significantly lower SDMA concentrations compared to all other groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Serum SDMA concentrations in cats with HCM were not significantly different from those of healthy control cats. Cats with DM, however, had significantly lower SDMA concentrations than controls, a finding that needs further investigation and should be kept in mind when evaluating renal function of cats with this endocrinopathy.