鬣羚的行为观察

在人工饲养条件下,采用了目标动物取样法和随机取样法,对鬣羚的冲撞、攻击、领域、择偶、繁殖、母仔等行为进行了观察研究。结果表明,鬣羚初入新环境中,有高度的敏感性,由此产生强烈的应激行为。其中,猛烈地冲击笼舍和不停地向上跳跃是其严重的应激行为之一;有较强的领域行为;在繁殖期间鬣羚对配偶具有选择性;发情高峰期1～2d,怀孕4个月后,腹部明显向两侧膨大,怀孕期220～226 d:仔羚在产后需2h以上才能站立;在15日龄内母羚平均每天要哺乳6～8次;2月龄时,能较好地吃食人工饲料,断奶月龄在2～3个月,断奶时宜将母羚隔至邻笼而将仔羚留在原笼舍。鬣羚笼舍围栏的高度宜在2.5～3m,应为新进的鬣羚提供较暗的小内室,保持安静的环境。     

不同泌乳时期荷斯坦奶牛的行为观察

选用健康无病的奶牛12头（其中泌乳盛期4头,泌乳后期4头,干奶期4头）。按泌乳期分为3组。对各组奶牛逐头进行连续48h行为学观察。结果表明：牛夜间反刍时间（周期数）都比昼反刍时间（周期数）长（多）。泌乳盛期奶牛的总采食时间、反刍时间、采食咀嚼速度比泌乳后期和干奶期奶牛长（快）（P〉0．05）。饲后反刍开始时间泌乳后期最短,而干奶期最长。泌乳盛期奶牛饮水次数远比泌乳后期、干奶期多（P〈0．01）,排粪次数也多（P〈0．05）,排尿次数盛期牛与后期牛接近,但比干奶期牛多2次／d。干奶期牛的卧地时间最长,泌乳盛期牛次之,泌乳后期牛最短,但卧地次数泌乳盛期比后期、干奶期分别多4．13次和3、63次。这些行为的差异可为处于不同泌乳时期的荷斯坦奶牛提供适宜的饲养环境,制定科学的管理制度提供可靠的依据。     

半散放亚成体丹顶鹤日行为观察

2000年春季，在大连动物园通过对半散放状态下的8只亚成体丹顶鹤日行为时间分配和活动规律的研究，揭示了未成年丹顶鹤的行为特点和生活习性。结果表明其春季各种行为的分配比例依次为：走动26．0％，站立观望25．3％，取食16．5％，理羽14．4％，鸣叫6．8％，静卧4．9％，驱赶2．7％，展翅2．3％，舞蹈1．0％，并呈现一定的活动规律。     

圈养猩猩的行为训练

南京红山森林动物园圈养的3只猩猩在接受了行为训练后,相继完成了串笼、称重、肌肉注射、前臂静脉穿刺,及眼、耳、口、鼻、腹部和四肢检查等训练项目。所有训练项目均使用食物、响片正强化,动物在完全放松的状态下主动完成,去除了化学保定或强制保定对动物造成的伤害。动物行为训练极大地方便了日常管理,丰富了动物行为,减少了刻板行为,提高了动物福利。训练发现,训练效果主要受不同的强化物、强化时间和训练环境的影响。刺激强烈或动作复杂的训练项目可以通过动作拆分来解决。     

环境丰容对单独圈养黑猩猩行为影响的研究

对广州动物园科研中心的2只单独圈养的黑猩猩进行环境丰容,采取焦点观察法和连续记录法,记录2只黑猩猩丰容前后的各行为持续时间。结果表明,环境丰容对2只单独圈养黑猩猩的行为产生影响,雌性黑猩猩积极行为显著增加,刻板行为和一般行为显著降低,而雄性黑猩猩的探究和进食行为明显提高。     

家养海狸鼠的生态行为观察

对60只海狸鼠观察结果表明;在环境气温11—25℃范围,微风,阴凉气候条件下,海狸鼠活动率最高;下雨,大风和气温低于0℃或大于30℃时,海狸鼠活动率明显减少;定时饲喂时,90％以上的鼠同时出来采食;饲料喜食顺序为,精料>块根类>青菜>青草>干草;对粗纤维和木质素高食料咀嚼频率较快;常见争斗行为由食物、配偶、领地和配对不合理引发。海狸鼠4—7月龄性成熟;发情周期23—27天,无季节性;发情持续期3—5天;平均妊娠期为133天;胎产仔1—14只,平均6只。     

丰容对圈养双角犀鸟日常行为的影响

丰容是为圈养动物提供适宜生活环境，改善圈养动物行为结构的重要方法。为了探究丰容对圈养双角犀鸟日常行为的影响，于2013年1～4月对上海动物园3只双角犀鸟进行展区丰容实验。丰容方法包括在栖架上设置云梯、悬挂麻绳和玩具、使用饲喂器等。采用瞬时扫描法观察双角犀鸟的日常行为并进行统计学分析。实验结果表明，丰容前后双角犀鸟个体间行为时间分配在社群、休息、运动、动喙行为方面有显著差异；丰容对双角犀鸟的日常行为有显著的影响，且丰容后各个个体均在修饰行为、休息行为、运动行为和动喙行为方面出现显著差异，具体表现为：修饰行为、运动行为、动喙行为增加，休息行为减少。丰容前后双角犀鸟的Et常行为变化具有个体特异性及行为连锁性。丰容有利于丰富双角犀鸟的日常行为，减少刻板行为的发生，有效提高了动物福利。     

Casein hydrolyzate intramammary treatment improves the comfort behavior of cows induced into dry-off

The effectiveness of casein hydrolyzate as mean to improve the welfare of cows induced into involution was tested in high yielding cows induced into dry-off by abrupt cessation of milking. Treatment with casein hydrolysate prevented build up of udder pressure in cows induced into dry off and was clearly associated with signs (lying behavior and step numbers) that they were calmer and more comfortable than cows induced into dry off by the conventional means. We conclude that treatment with casein hydrolyzate is a viable treatment tool that can prevent the suffering associated with drying-off of high-yielding modern dairy cows.     

Systemic effects of a prolonged continuous infusion of ketamine in healthy horses

Background: Ketamine as continuous rate infusion (CRI) provides analgesia in hospitalized horses. Objective: Determine effects of prolonged CRI of ketamine on gastrointestinal transit time, fecal weight, vital parameters, gastrointestinal borborygmi, and behavior scores in healthy adult horses. Animals: Seven adult Thoroughbred or Thoroughbred cross horses, with permanently implanted gastric cannulae. Methods: Nonblinded trial. Random assignment to 1 of 2 crossover designed treatments. Ketamine (0.55 mg/kg IV over 15 minutes followed by 1.2 mg/kg/h) or lactated Ringer's solution (50 mL IV over 15 minutes followed by 0.15 mL/kg/h) treatments. Two hundred 3 × 5 mm plastic beads administered by nasogastric tube before drug administration. Every 2 hours vital parameters, behavior scores recorded, feces collected and weighed, and beads retrieved. Every 6 hours gastrointestinal borborygmi scores recorded. Study terminated upon retrieval of 180 beads (minimum 34 hours) or maximum 96 hours. Nontransit time data analyzed between hours 0 and 34. Results: No significant (P < .05) differences detected between treatments in vital signs or gastrointestinal borborygmi. Significant (P = .002) increase in behavior score during ketamine infusion (0.381) from hours 24–34 compared with placebo (0). Ketamine caused significant delay in passage of 25, 50, and 75% of beads (ketamine = 30.6 ± 5.3, 41.4 ± 8.4, 65.3 ± 13.5 hours versus placebo = 26.8 ± 7.9, 34.3 ± 11.1, 45.8 ± 19.4 hours), and significant (P < .05) decrease in fecal weight from hours 22 (12.6 ± 3.2 versus 14.5 ± 3.8 kg) through 34 (18.5 ± 3.9 versus 12.8 ± 6.4 kg) of infusion. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ketamine CRI delayed gastrointestinal transit time in healthy horses without effect on vital parameters.     

牦牛行为研究及其应用探析

对牦牛的群体争斗、性行为、母性行为、采食、反刍和饮水等社会行为和个体行为进行了综合阐述,分析了牦牛上述行为研究成果在其饲养管理中的指导作用和意义.并就牦牛行为研究中存在的问题进行了分析探讨,提出了该领域今后研究的重点和发展前景.     

人工饲养穿山甲行为的观察

通过对杭州动物园饲养的 9只穿山甲全天连续观察和测定 ,发现在其摄食、睡眠 ,排泄 (粪尿 )、饮水、做窝和挖土打洞等行为方面 ,除保持昼伏夜出外 ,多数发生了适应性变化 ,根据上述行为的观察 ,对穿山甲的饲养管理进行了初步探讨     

圈养大熊猫的行为训练

大熊猫行为训练是针对圈养大熊猫医学检查和繁殖需要进行的,有利于饲养管理和减少应激反应。本文详细记录了大熊猫行为训练的方法、过程及训练目标,把医学检查和繁殖需要分解到具体的目标动作,并规范动作要求（站,坐,趴,躺）,从食物和训练技术上严格把关,分析解决训练过程中存在的问题,建立安全有效的训练方法,形成科学规范的大熊猫行为训练程序,为提高繁殖力和医疗检查提供方便条件,达到提高圈养大熊猫生存福利的目的。     

Effects of Density and Rest Stops on Movement Rates of Unrestrained Horses during Transport

The goal of this study was to provide estimates of how much loose (unrestrained) horses move during transport. Data were collected from six shipments of slaughter horses that were transported in a 16.2-m, single-deck semi-trailer in June and July of 2004 for 18 to 20 hours as part of an earlier project. Usable video was obtained from five groups of mature horses transported at “low” density (five to seven horses per group averaging 216.5 kg/m²) and three groups of horses transported at “moderate” density (10–11 horses per group averaging 345.5 kg/m²). Three low-density and two moderate-density groups had access to six water bowls inserted through the sides of the compartments during 1-hour rest stops occurring after 8 hours and at the end of transport. Twelve cameras, one mounted in each corner of the three compartments, were used to record behavior. Distance and rate of movement by individual horses during transport and during two 1-hour rest periods were determined by analysis of 206 hours of usable video footage of individual horses. Mean movement rate tended to be higher during travel (4.23 m/hour) than during the 1-hour periods when the truck was stopped (2.75 m/hour), but it did not seem to be influenced by group density. Movement was stimulated by the availability of water during the rest stops. In general, movement was strongly influenced by one or two horses causing disruption of the group, and not by independent actions of members of the group.     

Associations between the decrease in bovine clinical mastitis and changes in dairy farmers' attitude,knowledge, and behavior in the Netherlands

The aim of this study was to associate changes in dairy farmers' self-reported attitude, knowledge, and behavior with the decrease in incidence rate of clinical mastitis (IRCM). Farmer-diagnosed clinical mastitis cases were obtained from two surveys conducted before (July 2004–June 2005) and at the end (2009) of a mastitis control program in the Netherlands. Information on farmers' attitude, knowledge, and behavior was also obtained by sending the famers the same questionnaire during both surveys. Multivariable linear regression models identified that the herd level 2004 IRCM explained 28% of the variation in the decrease of IRCM. Changes in farmers' attitude and knowledge, and changes in farmers' behavior additionally explained 24% and 5%, respectively. These results suggest that the way management measures are executed may be at least as important as the fact that they are executed. No control group was available for this study because the intervention was applied at the national level. We therefore do not claim any causal relationships.     

圈养华南虎自然分娩及育幼行为研究

华南虎是极度濒危的国家Ⅰ级保护动物,现有种群都在中国各地动物园的人工圈养之下,幼仔哺育也多采用人工手段介入,本研究对南昌动物园的雌虎"昌昌"自然分娩及育幼等行为进行分析总结,发现在母性较强的情形下应尽可能减少人为干扰,优先考虑以母乳喂养。母虎的产前行为大都是为分娩做准备,如整理产床、舔舐阴部,同时也表现出不安,如来回走动、调整姿态。产后的行为几乎完全是为了便于照顾幼虎,如哺乳、舔衔幼虎等,并且变得平静。虽然产后休息和睡眠行为较产前有增加,由产前53%增至62%,但显然母虎睡眠的深度不如产前,并且即使在母虎休息和睡眠状态下,也有被动的哺乳行为同时存在,这从幼虎吸乳的频率(54%)大大超过母虎主动哺乳的频率(3%)可以看出来。母虎产前由于不安,移动频率多达17%,而产后则降至2%。产前母虎特别注意对产道的清理,舔舐阴道达到了8%,而产后只有1%。分娩前后都有调整姿态的行为,虽频率相当但动机不同,产前是因为不安,而产后明显是出于对幼虎庇护和哺育的需要。母虎带大的幼虎具有较强的野性,表现为对人的恐惧和攻击性,生长速度也较理想。