神农架及三峡地区菠菜种质资源品质评价

４２份来源于神农架及三峡地区的菠菜品种的还原型维生素Ｃ、粗蛋白质和草酸含量范围（占鲜重）分别为４．８－２９．４ｍｇ／１００ｇ；２．１０－５．９３％；０．６４－１．４８％。与全国普遍栽培的４个品种比较，维生素Ｃ含量高的有５个品种；粗蛋白质含量高的品种１１个；草酸含量低的品种有７个。通过系统聚类，划为８个类群，第６、４、５、３类在不同方面和不同程度上表现出各自的优势。第８、７、１、２类的品质不甚理想。     

普通小麦品质及农艺性状的杂种优势和性状相关分析

本研究对普通小麦５个农艺性状及４个品质性状进行了杂种优势和性状相关分析。杂种优势分析结果表明：千粒重和株高的优势最大，分别为１１．１１％和１０．３４％；蛋白质含量和沉淀值的优势最小，分别为—８．６０％和—４．２３％。性状相关分析表明；穗粒数和单穗粒重与蛋白质含量、沉淀值及干、湿面筋含量等４个品质性状间有不同程度的负相关，４个品质性状间均为显著或不显著正相关。     

湖南春季亚麻纤维形态,结构与理化特性研究

对湖南产亚麻纤维形态，结构和理化特性进行了观测。结果表明，湖南春季亚麻纤维细胞长度，直径，壁厚分别为４８．５ｍｍ、３２．９μｍ和８．４μｍ，纤维素，半纤维素和木质素含量分别为６９．１０％，１５．２２％和５．２５％，纤维断裂强力２１．６３ｋｇ。     

普通小麦品质及农艺性状的杂种优势和性状相关分析

本研究对普通小麦５个农艺性状及４个品质性状进行了杂种优势和性状相关分析，杂种优势分析结果表明：千粒重和株高的优势最大，分别为１１．１１％和１０．３４％蛋白质含量和沉淀值的优势最小，分别为－８．６０％和－４．２３％，性状相关分析表明：穗粒数和单穗粒重与蛋白质含量，沉淀值及干，湿面筋含量等４个品质性状间有不同程度的负相关４个品质性状间均为显著或不显著正相关。     

红花籽油中不皂化物成分的分析

红花籽油是一种优质食用植物油。采用高效液相色谱、气相色谱及气－质联用方法分离和测试红花籽油不皂化物成分,结果表明,红花籽油不皂化物主要成分为甾醇、三萜醇和４－甲基甾醇等。甾醇含量最高,占不皂化物总量的６２．５％,三萜醇和４－甲基甾醇含量分别为１３．９％和７．５％。甾醇由８种分组成,三萜醇和４－甲基甾醇均由４种成分组成。     

浅谈植棉防盐碱技术

浅谈植棉防盐碱技术刘新华，褚丁印，王海珍，粱锡祥山东省聊城地区农科所２５２０５８聊城西部地区为黄河冲积平原，盐碱地大量分布。该地区地下水深２０～２５ｍ，含盐量０．３４％，为灌溉用水；土壤含盐０．４％～０．８％，ｐＨ值７．５～８．５，有机质含量０．５％...     

烟草种质对青枯病抗性鉴定初报

对１５８份烟草种质资源青枯病抗性进行了４年的自然病地鉴定，筛选出高抗材料４份，仅占２．５％。它们是ＲＧ１７、ＯＸ２０２８、ＲＧ８和ＳＰＧ１１７。还有中抗４５份，占２８．５％。     

多用大麦新品种闽诱3号的选育及其特征性和栽培技术要点

闽诱３号是福建省农科院稻麦研究所用秋水仙素处理浙皮１号大麦品种，经过４年５代选育而成的二棱皮大麦品种。该品种籽粒淡黄色，千粒重历年平均３９．４克，籽粒粗蛋白质含量１０．７％，１６种氨基酸含量为９．２２８３％，适合酿造啤酒和作为猪饲料。经过１９９２年和１９９３年福建省区域试验，表现早熟，秆矮，抗倒，生长整齐等特点，亩产两年分别莆大麦４号增产９．４％和５．８％。其生长速度快，营养体繁茂，生物量大，营养     

浙江省秋大豆品种资源品质及抗病性分析

分析了浙江省１９４份秋大豆品种资源的品质和抗病性，结果表明，本省秋大豆资源中粗蛋白含量普遍较高，平均为４４．６６％，最高达４８．３％，粗脂肪含量在１４．４％－２１．８％之间，但资源中抗大豆花叶病毒和锈病材料缺乏。     

无毒化学去雄剂PCZ在小麦上的应用

采用无毒化学到雄剂ＰＣＺ的两种剂型ＰＣＺ－２和ＰＣＺ－４，于小麦主茎旗叶抽出１／２时以４个不同浓度叶面喷施。小麦自交结实率低于１０％、异交结实率高于５０％的深度和剂量：ＰＣＺ－２的浓度为０．５％，每有效穗用量为０．４、０．６和０．８ｍｌ以及浓度为０．６％。用量０．４ｍｌ；ＰＣＺ－４的浓度为０．５％，用量０．６ｍｌ。２品种３个施用时期的试验表明，两剂型的最佳施药时期皆为主茎旗叶抽出１／２时，不同品种     

油菜不同类型品种磷效率特性研究

在鄂东南有效磷缺乏的红黄壤稻田土壤条件下，以我国1508份油菜品种资源预选核心品为材料，研究磷营养水平对不同类型油菜生长发育和产量的影响。试验结果表明，低磷条件下不同类型油菜品种苗期植株生长量和籽粒产量差异较大，甘蓝型、白菜型和芥菜型油菜分别只有48％、43％和15％的品种能正常生育获得种籽，50％以上的品种于苗期和生长期死亡或不能正常开花结实。施磷处理的油菜能正常生长收获种籽，但不同类型和不同品种的苗期干物重及籽粒产量差异较大。     

中国黑芝麻资源的分布及主要性状分析

我国黑芝麻资源主要分布在江淮区和华南区,东北、西北区和云贵高原区较少。黑芝麻的主要性状因生态区不同而有差异。高耐渍品种较少,抗病性较弱。筛选出抗茎点枯病和枯萎病品种各2份。平均含油量为50.78％,有8个品种超过57％;蛋白质含量为20.80％,超过26％的品种4个;亚油酸含量较高,平均为45.80％。     

Identification of diverse germplasm lines for agronomic traits in a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) core collection for use in crop improvement

Utilization of exotic and diverse germplasm is needed to enhance the genetic diversity of cultivars. Genetically diverse lines provide ample opportunity to create favorable gene combinations, and the probability of producing a unique genotype increases in proportion to the number of genes by which the parents differ. Representative core collections (10% of the entire collection) have been suggested as a means to identify useful parents for crop improvement programs. The chickpea core collection (1956 accessions) was evaluated for 14 agronomic traits in two seasons to identify diverse agronomically superior chickpea germplasm. Season (year) and genotypic effects were significant for 13 of the 14 traits, while genotype × season effect was significant for 8 traits. The desi, kabuli, and intermediate type chickpeas differed significantly for days to maturity, basal secondary branches, pods per plant, seed yield, and 100-seed weight. In comparison to controls, 12 accessions flowered early, 15 produced greater seed yield, and 29 had greater 100-seed weight. Based on days to 50% flowering, pods per plant, seed yield, and 100-seed weight, 19 desi, 15 kabuli and 5 intermediate type chickpea germplasm lines originating from 10 countries were selected. The selected desi accessions produced 8.5% more seed yield and had 32% larger seeds than the control cultivar Annigeri while the selected kabuli accessions yielded at par with control L 550 but had 84% larger seeds. The 39 selected accessions and two control cultivars (Annigeri and L 550) were grouped by their first five principal components (PCs) into three clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of early maturing large-seeded kabuli types, cluster 2 early and late maturing desi types, and cluster 3 late maturing intermediate and kabuli types. Clusters 2 and 3 accessions had small to medium sized seeds. These accessions can be used in chickpea breeding programs to develop high yielding desi and kabuli cultivars with a broad genetic base.     

中国大豆种质资源抗大豆孢囊线虫5号生理小种鉴定研究

１９９２－１９９５年,应用田间自然病圃和病土盆栽鉴定方法,对黑龙江,河北,山东,安徽,福建和广东等２１个省市保存的３３９１份栽培大豆和１６９份野生大豆种质资源进行了抗大豆孢囊线虫５号生理小种的抗性鉴定。     

中国大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫3号生理小种抗性鉴定研究

１９９１－１９９５年，应用田间自然病圆和病土盆栽鉴定方法，对安徽、河北、福建、山东等２４个省市保存的３３５５份栽培大豆种质资源和１８６份野生大豆种质资源分别进行大豆孢囊线虫３号生理小种的抗性鉴定。     

Donors for Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(St?l) from Wild Rice Species

Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens(St?l) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara(AA), one accession of O. officinalis(CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis(EE), five accessions of O. punctata(BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia(CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance.     

Donors for Resistance to Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) from Wild Rice Species

Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara (AA), one accession of O. officinalis (CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis (EE), five accessions of O. punctata (BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia (CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance.     

花生种质资源的综合评价

对５７００份花生种质资源的植物学性状和经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状进行了鉴定评价,筛选出高抗锈病种质９２份,高抗早斑病种质７７份,高抗晚斑病种质５３份,高抗根结线虫资源３份,高抗青枯病资源１０２份,抗锈病兼抗早斑病资源５８份,抗锈病兼抗晚斑病资源４９份,抗锈病兼抗早、晚斑病资源４５份,抗青枯病兼抗根结线虫资源２份,抗青枯病兼抗锈病资源１份。蛋白质含量达３４％以上的３３份,含油量达５８％以上的２４份,油酸含量达６７％以上的１８份,亚油酸含量达４７％以上的１５份。不同类型不同来源的花生品种的植物学性状、经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状均有显著差异。     

Identification of a major quantitative trait locus and its candidate underlying genetic variation for rice stigma exsertion rate

Stigma exsertion in male sterile lines of hybrid rice is important for seed yield.In the present study, ZS616 [Oryza sativa subsp.Xian(indica)], a male sterile line with a stigma exsertion rate(SER) as high as 94.5%, was crossed to DS552, a japonica line with almost no exserted stigmas.F3 plants with extremely low and high SER were sequenced to identify SER-associated quantitative trait loci(QTL).A major QTL for SER, qSER-3.1, was identified along with other QTL on chromosome 3 in a 3.9 Mb region.A total of 307 nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 27 frame-shift insertion/deletions(InDels)differentiating ZS616 and DS552 were identified in the region containing qSER-3.1.Most SNPs(294) and InDels(25) were excluded after further analysis because they were shared by ZS616 and low(<2.0%) SER accessions in the Huazhong Agricultural University(HAU) core rice collection.Association analysis using the full HAU collection identified a 17-bp InDel in OS03 G0689400 as the most likely causal genetic variant underlying qSER-3.1.ZS616-type accessions(n = 54, with the 17-bp insertion) in the HAU collection had minimum(16.5%)and mean(39.6%) SERs significantly greater than those(n = 424) without the insertion(with minimum and mean SERs of 0.2% and 20.6%, respectively).Thus, this study identified a major QTL for stigma exsertion and revealed the mutation in a candidate gene for the QTL.     

Breeding prospects of Lunaria annua L.

Lunaria annua is a biennial cruciferous oil seed crop. The seeds contain 30–35% oil, which consists of 67% long chain fatty acids (44% erucic acid, C22:1, and 23% nervonic acid, C24:1). The oil is suitable as lubricant. In addition, recent developments indicate that nervonic acid may be used as raw material for the production of a medicine against multiple sclerosis. The biennial character of Lunaria is a main constraint for an economically feasible production of Lunaria oil. The crop has to be sown early in the summer to achieve vigorous plant development required for vernalization during the winter. It would be a great advance when Lunaria could be sown later in the summer after an early harvested crop. From 1993, breeding research in Lunaria has been performed at CPRO-DLO, Wageningen, The Netherlands. A collection of 76 accessions was maintained and evaluated for agronomic performance. In 1995, a selection of 24 accessions were sown at four sowing dates, from end June until end of August and in 1996, 12 promising accessions were sown again at 15 and 30 July. Three accessions showed suitability for delayed sowing until beginning of August. Delay in sowing time caused also delay of flowering and seed ripening. Seed yield amounted to 1200 kg/ha in 1996 and 1700 kg/ha in 1997. Seed oil content varied from 30–38%. Severe infection of Albugo candida and Alternaria occurred and might have reduced seed yield in both years. Most accessions sustained severe winter frost of−17°C very well. It is concluded that within the evaluated gene pool promising variation is available to select for ability for late sowing, to improve the disease resistance and to increase seed yield and seed oil content.