亚麻对镉污染农田适应性的初步研究

对种植在安化山区镉污染农田中的亚麻生育期、农艺性状与原茎产量及吸镉特性进行了初步研究,供试品种“阿里安”两年平均产量达4207.5kg/hm^2,表明亚麻对镉污染农田有较好的适应性：同时分析了亚麻各器官及整个单株的镉富积和转运能力,实验证实亚麻对镉有一定的富积作用.富积系数（BC）最高达到4.33,对于整株亚麻镉含量表现为：地下根＞地上茎叶.     

亚麻对镉污染农田适应性的初步研究

对种植在安化山区镉污染农田中的亚麻生育期、农艺性状与原茎产量及吸镉特性进行了初步研究,供试品种“阿里安”两年平均产量达4207.5kg/hm2,表明亚麻对镉污染农田有较好的适应性;同时分析了亚麻各器官及整个单株的镉富积和转运能力,实验证实亚麻对镉有一定的富积作用,富积系数(BC)最高达到4.33,对于整株亚麻镉含量表现为:地下根>地上茎叶。     

苎麻吸镉特性及镉污染农田的改良

本文对苎麻吸镉特性及镉污染农田改良进行了初步研究。田间试验结果表明，水田改良区苎麻地下根茎和地上茎叶镉累积率分别为２５８％和９１％；旱地改良区苎麻地下根茎和地上茎叶镉累积率分别为３１５％和１２７％。水田和旱地苎麻总吸镉率为１．６７％和２．２１％。大田调查结果苎麻地下根茎和地上茎叶镉累积率分别为２０８％和８３％，总吸镉率为１．４５％。试验表明苎麻实际对水田和旱地土壤镉的降低率分别为２．６５％和３．１７％。采用苎麻改良镉污染农田，可以切断镉随食物链对人体的危害，具有很好的经济效益和环境效益。     

苎麻吸镉特性及镉污染农田的改良

本文对苎麻吸镉特性及镉污染农田改良进行了初步研究。田间试验结果表明，水田改良区苎麻地下根茎和地上茎叶镉积率分别为２５８％和９１％；旱地改良区苎麻地下根茎和地上茎叶镉累积率分别为３１５％和１２７％。水田和旱地苎麻总吸镉率为１．６７％和２．２１％。大田调查结果苎麻地下根茎和地上茎叶镉累积率分别为２０８％和８３％，总吸镉率为１．４５％。试验表明苎麻实际对水田和旱地土壤镉的降低率分别为２．６５％和３．１７     

原位钝化对轻度镉污染农田小麦修复研究

为探讨原位钝化在镉轻度污染小麦农田上的修复效果,在田间试验条件下,研究了石灰、生物炭配施石灰、生物有机肥配施石灰以及多孔陶瓷纳米材料配施石灰等钝化剂联合修复对镉污染农田中土壤氮、磷、钾含量、土壤pH值、土壤有效态Cd含量、土壤Cd的化学形态、小麦籽粒Cd含量以及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,在土壤Cd背景值为0.337 mg·kg~(-1)的轻度Cd污染农田中,钝化剂处理均可以在不同程度上提高土壤养分含量和pH值,降低小麦籽粒Cd含量和土壤中有效态Cd含量,促使土壤中的Cd形态由易被作物吸收的酸溶态和可还原态转化为不易被吸收的可氧化态和残渣态。其中,小麦籽粒Cd含量降低幅度最大,为40.0%,土壤有效态Cd最大降低率为43.7%,土壤pH值提高0.35。对各指标的相关性分析表明,土壤Cd含量与土壤酸溶态Cd及小麦籽粒Cd含量显著正相关,与可氧化态Cd显著负相关,与可还原态Cd含量极显著正相关;土壤中可还原态Cd与酸溶态Cd含量显著正相关,与小麦籽粒Cd含量极显著正相关。     

小麦品种与生物有机肥联合修复农田镉污染研究

为筛选Cd积累低且产量较高的小麦品种,以6个北方小麦品种和6个南方小麦品种为试材,在安徽铜陵选取Cd重度污染与未污染农田进行小麦品种与生物有机肥联合修复田间对比试验。结果表明,Cd未污染农田中各小麦品种除了泰山24外籽粒Cd含量均未达到国家粮食安全标准;Cd重度污染农田中小麦籽粒Cd含量为1.21~2.41mg·kg-1,Cd均超标,南方小麦品种较北方品种籽粒中Cd含量更高且差异性更大;施用生物有机肥可降低Cd重度污染农田中各小麦品种的Cd含量,降低百分率为1.7%~57.8%,平均降低29.9%。施用生物有机肥的Cd重度污染农田中各小麦品种籽粒Cd含量与小麦茎、叶的Cd含量极显著正相关。Cd重度污染农田较Cd未污染农田各小麦品种产量均显著降低,平均减产率46.2%;使用生物有机肥使Cd重度污染农田小麦平均增产15.7%。各小麦品种籽粒Cd含量与产量极显著负相关。扬麦20、宁麦8号为籽粒Cd积累量较低、产量较高的品种;施用生物有机肥可有效降低小麦籽粒Cd含量、增加小麦产量。     

稻米镉污染及防控对策

稻米镉超标现象仍在我国一定范围内发生,镉污染治理是当前和今后一段时期农产品质量安全工作的重点和难点。从镉元素的理化特性及毒性、稻米镉来源及分布出发,分析了物理降镉、化学降镉、生物降镉等治理方法,提出了稻米降镉相关对策建议,为稻米镉污染防控提供参考依据。     

苎麻品种对镉污染土壤适应性的研究

本文通过种植在湖南省安化县烟溪镇的12份苎麻品种镉污染土壤适应性的研究,结果分析表明 不同根型的苎麻品种间及同根型的品种间镉含量及镉累积量的分布趋势都表现为根 >茎 >叶;苎麻各部分镉含量及镉累积量方差分析结果为相同根型的品种间根际土的镉含量差异极显著 P=0.003,不同根型的苎麻品种间叶的镉累积量差异显著 P=0.025,苎麻其余各部分都不存在显著的差异;并且镉毒对于苎麻的农艺性状和经济性状的影响较小.     

植棉修复镉污染土壤研究进展

近年来我国耕地面积不断减少,迫使非食用作物向重金属污染耕地转移已经是大势所趋。但到目前为止仍未发现镉耐受性好和镉富集能力优异的作物,因此对非食用作物的重金属耐受性以及土壤的生物修复研究已经迫在眉睫。综述了具有在镉污染耕地上替代种植前景的棉花的镉胁迫研究进展,为全面评估棉花在镉污染耕地替代种植的可行性提供参考。     

漳州市农田土壤重金属污染现状与生物修复防治对策

调查分析了2005-2007年漳州市农田土壤重金属污染状况、及重金属污染的成因,提出了防治重金属污染的生物修复（包括植物修复和微生物修复）防治措施。     

桂阳特色优质烟叶成因初探

介绍了桂阳优质烟叶相对稳定的地方特色,分析了特色烟叶产生的原因:一是当地的温、光、水资源最适宜优质烤烟生产,且其季节分布与烤烟生长发育各阶段的需求相吻合;二是桂阳土壤多为石灰岩和钙质板页岩发育的红壤、红黄壤和部分紫色页岩发育的紫色土,都是种烟的适宜土壤;三是烟农在长期实践中创造了许多具有地方特色的栽培技术。     

Simple prediction of crude protein content in vegetation growing on abandoned cultivated land

The accuracy of two simple methods was compared for the prediction of crude protein (CP) content of above‐ground plant material of mixed‐species composition on abandoned cultivated land in Japan. The first method is based on standard CP values (in g kg^?1 dry matter) for individual species (STV method) as listed in the literature. The second procedure (GLM method) was an application of the generalized linear model using the relative above‐ground biomass of monocots and legumes, total herbage mass, and day of year. Predictions were made at the quadrat scale, and for surveyed sites based on average of values for five or six quadrats in a single survey. A ‘leave‐site‐out’ method was adopted for model validation of the generalized linear model. The observed values of CP content ranged between 21·5 and 161·9 g kg^?1 dry matter (DM). With the STV method, the values of root mean square error (RMSE indicates average estimation error) were 50·9 at the quadrat level and 53·8 at the surveyed‐site level (both g kg^?1 DM). When a ‘leave‐site‐out’ validation was carried out, the RMSE‐values for the GLM method were 23·2 at the quadrat level and 13·2 at the surveyed‐site level (both g kg^?1 DM). We therefore propose adoption of the GLM method for the purpose of estimating the CP content in herbage on abandoned sites.     

浅谈茶园病虫害绿色防控技术

该文阐述了茶园病虫害的发生特点与防治现状,提出了采用农业综合防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等绿色防控相关措施.     

农田栽参土壤改良技术研究现状

人参是我国传统中药,被称为"百草之王",自古以来在中医中被广泛使用,在吉林省中药产业中占有重要位置。在伐林栽参的栽培模式被国家禁止后,农田栽参成为人参产业发展的主要生产模式。文章对农田栽参中土壤改良技术进行了概述,讨论了物理消毒、化学消毒、施肥改土、绿肥回田的措施对参地的改善作用,文章对农田栽参模式的推广具有指导意义,为人参产业的健康发展提供依据。     

松毛虫赤眼蜂对茶尺蠖田间控制作用的初步研究

松毛虫赤眼蜂是目前农林害虫种群生物防控中的主要天敌,但迄今为止能否寄生茶尺蠖未见报道。本研究采用米蛾卵繁殖松毛虫赤眼蜂,并将获得蜂种对茶尺蠖进行田间卵的寄生研究,结果表明,经杀胚处理的茶尺蠖卵被寄生后颜色由浅绿色变成黑色,寄生率平均达到27.27%±4.90%。     

旱地油菜地膜覆盖栽培的水热效应研究

油菜覆膜栽培研究表明，不同生长阶段耕层日平均土温提高0.51-0.78℃，全生育期增加有效积温140℃，土壤含水量提高0．42％－1．88％，水分利用效率提高2．79－4．10kg/mm.hm^2。覆膜栽培缩短生育期6－11d，杂油77产量达到3371.10kg/hm^2，比露地栽培增产23．11％。     

Preliminary study on three pathogens with potential biological control in Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus galli)

More than 10 species of pathogenic fungi were isolated from the naturally infected leaves of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in paddy. After preliminary bioassaying, it was found that the Alternaria alternata (Fr.) keissler(AA), Exserohilum monoceras (EM),and "99-10" were three potential agents for biological control of barnyard grass.     

Biodiversity of termite (Insecta: Isoptera) in tropical peat land cultivated with oil palms

Termites are the major decomposers in tropical region but yet their occurrences in oil palm plantation especially in peat soil are generally treated as pest. Study of termite species in peat land was conducted in selected oil palm plantations in North Sarawak with 5-7 years old palms and South Sarawak with 13-15 years old palms with two sites in each area. Results of quadrate (25 x 25 x 30 cm) sampling showed termite was significantly higher in relative density with increasing depth of soil (0-10 = 21.23, 10-20 = 42.52 and 20-30 cm = 81.12%) which could be advantaged from being predated by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) which were higher in density from soil surface to 10 cm soil depth with relative density of 31.84%. Modified transect sampling (50x6 m) had successfully sampled 18 species of termites from 2 families (Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae), 5 subfamilies (Rhinotermitinae, Coptotermitinae, Termitinae, Macrotermitinae and Nasutitermitinae) and 11 genera (Coptotermes, Schedorhinotermes, Termes, Macrotermes, Nasutitermes, Globitermes, Amitermes, Parrhinotermes, Pericapritermes, Havilanditermes and Prohamitermes). Both plantation sites have termite dominantly feeding on rotten wood as a result of abundant dead woods. However, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren was identified to feed on the living tissues of oil palm causing damage or death of the tree. Study showed higher encounter of soil-feeding termite in longer established plantation. It indicates the gradually shifting of soil condition towards a stabilized environment which favors the successful settlement of soil feeder termite species. Termite control should be more targets specific to avoid harming beneficial termites.     

凤凰县烟草病虫害绿色防控的实践与思考

系统分析了凤凰县烟草病虫害发生现状,总结了近年来凤凰县烟草病虫害绿色防控技术体系的构建情况,分析了绿色防控实施过程中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应对策,为推动烟草病虫害绿色防控技术提供有益的借鉴与参考。     

六堡茶种质资源调查初报

通过对六堡茶种质资源进行调查,发现六堡茶品种资源在苍梧全县、藤县金鸡镇、岑溪市南渡镇等地均有分布,以苍梧县六堡镇、狮寨镇为主要分布地。这些茶原料的水浸出物含量为46.6%~56.4%,茶多酚含量为32.2%~49.7%,氨基酸含量为2.7%~5.2%,咖啡碱含量为2.7%~6.6%,儿茶素含量为17.5%~24.6%,适制六堡茶和红茶。