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1.
生物炭与氮肥配施改善土壤团聚体结构提高红枣产量 总被引:9,自引:6,他引:9
探讨花生壳生物炭配施氮肥对华北平原枣区土壤机械稳定性和水稳性团聚体的分布、稳定性及红枣产量的影响,阐明土壤和枣树对生物炭与氮肥培肥效果的响应,为枣区土壤结构改良和合理培肥制度建立科学依据。通过3 a(2013-2015)田间定位试验,设置生物炭用量4个水平(0,2.5,5和10 t/hm2)、氮肥用量3个水平(300,450和600 kg/hm2),利用干、湿筛法得到不同粒级的土壤团聚体含量。结果表明:与对照相比,生物炭与氮肥配施对机械稳定性团聚体的平均质量直径(MWD,mean weight diameter)、几何平均直径(geometric mean diameter, GMD)和>0.25 mm大团聚体质量分数无显著影响,但>0.25 mm水稳性大团聚体含量则显著提高20.7%,水稳性团聚体的MWD和GMD较对照分别显著增加29.2%和27.2%。同时,各配施处理降低了土壤团聚体破坏率,最大降幅为27.1%。与对照相比,中、高用量的生物炭与氮肥配施显著提高土壤有机碳含量,且有机碳含量与MWD和GMD均达到了显著水平(P<0.05)。生物炭施入土壤1 a后,随试验时间的推移,与氮肥的培肥效果越来越明显,红枣产量呈上升趋势。综合分析认为,生物炭与氮肥配施对枣区土壤水稳性大团聚体的形成、土壤结构及稳定性提升效果显著,有利于缓解枣区土壤质量退化问题和提高红枣产量。 相似文献
2.
生物炭施用对麦田土壤团聚体机械稳定性及春小麦产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
3.
探明生物炭、秸秆和化肥配施对黄褐土条件下土壤团聚体的影响,为降低黄淮海平原黄褐土生产障碍,建立合理培肥制度提供参考。本研究通过3年定位试验,设置了不同的施肥制度:对照为不施肥(CK)、施用化肥(NPK)、生物炭配施化肥(NPKB)、秸秆配施化肥(NPKS)、生物炭和秸秆配施化肥(NPKSB)5个处理。对不同处理条件下湿筛的土壤团聚体指标进行了分析。结果表明:施用有机物料后,能增加大粒级土壤团聚体含量,提升土壤团聚体稳定性,提高土壤有机质含量。稳定性的提升幅度次序为NPKSNPKSBNPKB。在试验期内,添加生物炭能逐年提升土壤有机碳含量,顺序为NPKSBNPKB。在所有施肥处理中,NPKSB对提升大粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率效果最好。在本研究设置处理中,NPKSB对提升土壤团聚体基本性能效果最好。 相似文献
4.
不同改性生物炭及施用量对风沙土土壤团聚体及牧草产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
为了探究不同改性生物炭及施用量对风沙土土壤结构、养分含量及牧草产量的影响,以 20% FeCl 3改性生物炭与 6%壳聚糖改性生物炭为供试材料,以未施加改性生物炭处理为对照 CK 0,分别设置0.75、1.5、2.25 t·hm -23个施用量梯度,研究其对土壤中团聚体含量、稳定性,有机碳含量,牧草产量的影响。结果表明,大于0.25 mm的机械稳定性团聚体含量、大于 0.25 mm的水稳定性团聚体含量、平均质量直径、有机碳含量、高羊茅生物量及干物质量均随着两种改性生物炭施用量的增大而增大,并在施用量为 2.25 t·hm -2时达到其最大值。团聚体破坏率与土壤不稳定团粒指数值随着生物炭施用量的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,当施用量为 1.5 t·hm -2时土壤团聚体最稳定。改性生物炭具有改良风沙土土壤团聚体结构、增加有机碳含量的作用。通过对比各处理牧草产量及土壤中团聚体含量、结构等指标,建议在风沙土中施加 1.5 t·hm -2的壳聚糖改性生物炭。 相似文献
5.
田间陈化生物质炭提高稻田土壤团聚体稳定性和磷素利用率 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
6.
秸秆生物炭配施氮肥对潮土土壤碳氮含量及作物产量的影响 总被引:10,自引:7,他引:10
7.
针对棕壤区土壤酸化、氮肥利用率低下、土壤结构破坏等突出问题,通过多年田间定位试验研究了不同氮水平下,秸秆生物炭添加对玉米氮素利用和土壤结构、性质的影响。结果表明:①秸秆生物炭添加可以促进植株养分吸收,有效节肥45 kg hm-2纯氮,并保证玉米产量;②与常规施肥比,连续多年秸秆生物炭添加可以升高12.36%土壤有机质与12.88%土壤pH,使土壤物理化学性质向良性循环方向发展;③秸秆生物炭配施氮素180 kg hm-2处理可以增加土壤粒级> 0.25 mm粒级的稳定性团聚体含量,改善土壤结构。综合各指标评价,秸秆生物炭添加对土壤氮素具有"削峰填谷"的调节功能,秸秆生物炭配施氮素180 kg hm-2处理可以达到减氮改土,并保证玉米质量和数量的生产目的。 相似文献
8.
生物炭配施氮肥改善表层土壤生物化学性状研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
9.
为探究耕作方式、秸秆还田和生物炭添加结合对土壤团聚体粒径分布、团聚体养分特征、养分库储量及小麦-玉米周年产量的影响,本研究采用3因素2水平试验设计,分别为耕作方式:常规旋耕(CT),深翻耕作(DT);秸秆处理:秸秆还田(S)、秸秆不还田(NS);生物炭:生物炭添加(B)、无生物炭添加(NB),共8个处理。结果表明:无生物炭添加时,旋耕秸秆还田显著提高了0~15 cm土层团聚体稳定性及土壤养分库储量,而深耕秸秆还田显著改善了>15~30 cm土层土壤团粒组成,提升土壤肥力,促进作物增产。相关性分析表明,砂姜黑土中作物产量的提升更依赖于深层(>15~30 cm)土壤物理结构的改善和土壤肥力的提升。配施生物炭后如DT-S-B(深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭)较CT-NS-NB(旋耕秸秆不还田无生物炭)处理尤其使>15~30 cm土层团聚体稳定性显著增强,>2 mm粒级团聚体比例、重量平均直径和几何平均直径值分别增加165.88%、62.37%和119.81%,显著提高>2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳、全氮和全磷含量,提高了>2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳和养分固持能力,降低了<2 mm粒级团聚体有机碳和养分固持能力,使>15~30 cm土层土壤有机碳库储量、全氮、全磷和全钾库储量分别显著提升37.41%、38.99%、41.26%和9.84%,促使2年作物周年产量平均增加22.96%,但在深耕秸秆还田的基础上配施生物炭在短期内增产效果不显著。综上,深耕秸秆还田配施生物炭能够显著改善黄淮海南部砂姜黑土深层土壤团聚体粒径分布和稳定性,提升了土壤肥力和作物周年产量,保障了农田高效绿色可持续生产。 相似文献
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11.
AbstractPoor soil structure is the main cause of soil degradation; however, biochar the solid carbon-rich production of pyrolysis biomass could improve the soil structure. Biochar from the feed stock sawdust (SD) and corn cobs (CC) was pyrolyzed at 450?°C. Wheat was grown as a test crop and treatments were control, NPK, SDB1% (sawdust biochar), CCB1% (corn cobs biochar), SDB0.5%+CCB0.5%, SDB1%?+?½ NPK, CCB1%?+?½ NPK. The higher growth, higher grain and dry matter yield were displayed by biochar?+?NPK. The lowest pH, the higher organic matter, available P and available K were observed in SDB0.5%+CCB0.5%. However, the highest total N (1.43?g kg?1) was by NPK treatment. The biochar increased plant available water contents, water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point, soil porosity and decreased bulk density. The highest stable aggregates were in SDB0.5%+CCB0.5%. Biochar application was found as a useful practice for soil sustainability 相似文献
12.
生物炭与氮肥配施对土壤肥力及红枣产量、品质的影响 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:11
13.
生物炭对改善土壤理化性质及作物产量影响的研究进展 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
针对生物炭特有的物理和化学性质,通过综合分析国内外有关最新的研究成果,重点阐述了生物炭在土壤改良及农业生产过程中的改土、保水、保肥、减少面源污染以及在提高农作物产量和品质方面的研究进展,对需要进一步研究的科学问题提出展望。 相似文献
14.
Lu Yu Xing Lu Yan He Philip C. Brookes Hong Liao Jianming Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(3):599-610
Purpose
Soil acidification is universal in soybean-growing fields. The aim of our research was to evaluate the effects of soil additives (N fertilizers and biochar) on crop performance and soil quality with specific emphasis on ameliorating soil acidity.Materials and methods
Four nitrogen treatments were applied as follows: no nitrogen (N0), urea (N1), potassium nitrate (N2), and ammonium sulfate (N3), each providing 30 kg N ha?1. Half plot area of the N1, N2, and N3 treatments was also treated with biochar (19.5 t ha?1) to form N-biochar treatments (N1C, N2C, N3C). Both bulk and rhizosphere soils were sampled separately for the following analyses: pH, exchangeable base cations (EBC), exchangeable acidity (EA), total inorganic N (IN), total N (TN), and microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Soybean biomass and nutrient contents were also determined. Correlation analysis was applied to analyze the relationships between soil chemical properties and soybean plant parameters.Results and discussion
With N-biochar additions (N1C, N2C, N3C), soil chemical properties changed as follows: pH increased by 0.6–1.2 units, EBC, IN, and TN increased by 175–419, 38.5–54.7, and 136–452 mg kg?1, respectively, and PLFAs increased by 23.6–40.9 nmol g?1 compared to the N0 in the rhizosphere. Microbial PLFAs had positive correlations with soil pH; EBC; exchangeable K, Ca, Na, and Mg; TN; IN; NH4 +; and NO3 ? (r?=?0.66–0.84, p?<?0.01). There were negative correlations between PLFAs and EA or exchangeable Al (r?=??0.64, ?0.66, p?<?0.01), which indicated that the additives increased microbial biomass by providing a suitable environment with less acid stress and more nutrients. The additives increased soil NH4 + and NO3 ? by promoting soil organic N mineralization and reducing NH4 + and NO3 ? leaching. Moreover, the soybean seed biomass and the nutrient contents in seeds increased with N-biochar additions, especially in the N3C treatment.Conclusions
N-biochar additions were effective in ameliorating soil acidity, which improved the microenvironment for more microbial survival. N-biochars influenced N transformations at the plant–soil interface by increasing organic N mineralization, reducing N leaching, and promoting N uptake by soybeans. The soil additive ammonium and biochar (N3C) were best in promoting soybean growth.15.
R. Otto R. L. Mulvaney S. A. Khan P. C. O. Trivelin 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(7):893-904
Intensive use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production presents environmental challenges for water and air quality as well as impacts profitability for producers. Central to these concerns is a widespread reliance on yield-based recommendations that invoke generic models of crop N response but lack any means to account for variations in soil N-supplying power, a critical determinant of fertilizer N need for cereal, fiber, and tuber crops. The work reported herein was designed to ascertain the impact of soil N mineralization on sugarcane response to N fertilization and was carried out in conjunction with eight N-response trials conducted between 2006 and 2010 at field sites in the largest sugarcane-cultivated area in Brazil. Soil samples were utilized in categorizing the sites as highly responsive, moderately responsive, or nonresponsive to fertilizer N, based on two chemical indices of soil N availability, the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT) and direct steam distillation (DSD), and assessments of (1) net mineralization during aerobic incubation for 12 weeks and (2) incubation-induced changes in soil N fractions obtained by acid (total hydrolyzable N, hydrolyzable NH4 +-N, amino sugar N, and amino acid N) or alkaline (ISNT-N) hydrolysis. Sugarcane varied widely in response to N fertilization, indicating that yield-based recommendations would often under- or overestimate N requirement and thus adversely impact sustainability of sugarcane-based ethanol production. In studies to evaluate feasibility of soil N testing to improve fertilizer N recommendations, mineral N production upon aerobic incubation was accompanied by significant decreases in hydrolyzable NH4 +-N and ISNT-N, indicating that both fractions were liberating mineralizable forms of soil N. Test values by the ISNT and DSD were highly correlated, and both showed promise for differentiating soil responsiveness to fertilizer N. 相似文献
16.
水生植物堆肥替代部分氮肥提高水稻产量与稻田土壤肥力 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为评价太湖流域水生植物堆肥对水稻产量及稻田土壤肥力效应,在太湖流域典型稻田连续进行4a的田间定位试验,比较在等氮条件下不同比例的水生植物有机堆肥替代处理(有机氮替代率分别为0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)引起的水稻籽粒产量、产量构成因子、氮磷钾吸收量以及土壤碳氮含量和pH值变化.结果表明:与单施尿素相比,水生植物有机堆肥与尿素配施利于水稻产量的提高,并随着有机肥替代率增加,水稻产量呈先增后降;当有机肥替代率达40%和60%时产量最高.单施有机肥和单施尿素处理水稻籽粒产量相当.单施有机肥显著降低了有效穗数,有机肥和尿素配合施用则可减轻甚至消除这一效应;有机肥替代率在40%和60%时,有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率均较高.随着有机肥施用量增加,水稻秸秆氮浓度降低,籽粒氮浓度无影响;水稻磷浓度和吸收量均无显著差异;有机肥与尿素配施均显著提高了秸秆钾吸收量,有机肥替代率在80%时可显著提高籽粒钾吸收量.表层土壤全氮和有机碳含量及土壤pH值均与有机肥替代率呈显著正相关关系.有机肥-尿素配施处理下土壤全氮和有机碳均较4a前显著提高.有机肥替代率为80%和100%,土壤pH值较试验前土壤分别显著升高.由此可见,水生植物有机肥与尿素配施可以提高太湖稻作区水稻产量,增加土壤有机质含量和减缓土壤酸化程度,可作为太湖稻作区一项环保型施肥技术. 相似文献
17.
Changes in the quantity and quality of soil organic carbon, and their effect on soil aggregate stability as a result of growing
different crops in rotation with wheat, were investigated on a red earth (Oxic Paleustalf) in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales,
Australia. After two cycles of the 1 : 1 rotation, while the total organic carbon in the 0–5 cm soil depth was similar (15.1 g/kg),
significant differences in water stable aggregation were observed in the order: wheat/lupin=wheat/barley >wheat/canola>wheat/field
pea. Using a selective extraction technique, significant differences in the quality (composition) of the soil organic carbon
were detected in the soils from the different rotations. Soil from the lupin rotation had the highest salt- and acid-extractable
carbon whereas that from the barley rotation had the highest level of hot-water-extractable carbon and microbial biomass carbon.
Rather than total carbon or other extractable fractions, the observed differences in aggregate stability were only significantly
(P<0.05) related to microbial biomass carbon, which made up only 1.3–1.7% of the total carbon pool. Multiple linear regression
analysis indicated that with the exception of salt-extractable carbon, inclusion of any other of the less labile fractions
failed to improve the correlation relationship. The labile nature of the microbial biomass carbon therefore accounted for
the transient existence of the differences in aggregate stability under different rotation crops. The latter was found to
be transient and disappeared at the end of the subsequent wheat crop.
Received: 5 November 1998 相似文献
18.
为明确内蒙古黄土高原旱作区控释氮肥施用下糜子田土壤生物学特性的变化规律,设置大田试验,以普通尿素为对照,研究控释氮肥的不同减量处理对糜子产量以及苗期、抽穗期和成熟期不同土层(0~20和20~40 cm)土壤酶活性及微生物量碳含量的影响。结果表明:糜子生育期内,土壤酶活性、酶综合指数及微生物量碳含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,峰值出现在抽穗期,土层间土壤生物学特性表现为0~20cm优于20~40 cm,且不同氮肥处理对0~20 cm土壤生物学特性影响更大。施氮肥显著提高了糜子生育期内土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性、酶综合指数及微生物量碳含量,增幅分别为2.37%~24.37%、3.79%~25.83%、3.65%~33.24%、2.18%~22.51%和4.09%~26.66%。控释氮肥等量施用及减量20%以下较普通尿素并未显著影响糜子生育后期土壤酶活性及微生物量碳含量。但控释氮肥减量30%时较尿素处理显著降低土壤土壤脲酶活性3.65%~7.12%、酶综合指数2.62%~9.60%,控释氮肥减量40%时显著降低土壤过氧化氢酶活性3.65%~7.12%、蔗糖酶活性4.85%~16.63%及微生... 相似文献
19.
[目的]研究稻壳炭添加对复合肥料在土壤中磷素有效性的影响,旨在为养分高效、环境友好型复合肥料的开发提供科学依据.[方法]以磷酸一铵(MAP)、磷酸二铵(DAP)、硝酸磷肥(NP)和聚磷酸铵(APP)为磷源,设置0、5%、10%3个稻壳生物炭加入量,与尿素、氯化钾、石粉以及其他辅料制作N-P2O5-K2O比例为15-10... 相似文献
20.
【目的】以酿酒废弃物(酒糟)为原料热解制备可燃气体和生物炭,研究生物炭对土壤及作物产量的影响,为酒糟的无害化处理与资源化利用,以及合理施用生物炭提供理论依据。【方法】利用电子显微镜观察比较400°C、480°C和600°C裂解得到的生物炭表面结构,分析其理化性质。在四川泸州设置油菜–高粱轮作田间试验,研究不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)和化肥与生物炭配施(CF+BC)处理的作物产量和土壤理化性质及生物学性状。【结果】在480°C热裂解条件下,酒糟生物炭的表面孔隙结构最佳,pH 10.1,阳离子交换较大(33.41cmol/kg),保蓄了较多的碳、氮、磷、钾,理化性质最优。在CF+BC处理中,田间土壤碳含量增加,土壤微生物生物量碳氮提高,蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性及有效氮、磷、钾含量显著高于或相似于CF,说明部分生物炭能被微生物利用,促进其生长繁殖,增强土壤酶活,提高土壤养分的生物有效性。与单施化肥相比,化肥配施生物炭使油菜和高粱产量分别增加9.3%和9.5%,油菜磷和钾的经济效率分别提高15.1%和30.7%。【结论】采用480℃低温热裂解制备的酒糟生物炭理化性质优良,与化肥配施有利于提高油菜... 相似文献