永州植烟土壤养分状况及施肥建议

2010年对永州市50个种烟乡镇的629个植烟土壤样品的养分状况进行了调查分析.结果表明:永州烟区土壤pH总体偏碱性,土壤有机质含量较高,土壤氮、磷营养贮藏及供应水平较高,土壤速效钾供应相对不足.利用聚类分析法将50个乡镇土壤聚合为5种类型,总结了各类型土壤养分特征及施肥方法,指出生产上应遵循控氮、稳磷、增钾、施足基肥、早施追肥的原则.     

有机肥替代对京郊夏播青贮玉米土壤养分动态与平衡的影响

通过田间试验设置4个处理,100%化肥、70%化肥+30%有机肥、40%化肥+60%有机肥和100%有机肥,研究青贮玉米生产中施用有机肥替代化肥对土壤养分动态和平衡的影响。通过测定生育期内表层土壤速效N、P、K养分、土壤微生物量C与N、1 m土体NO_3-含量和青贮玉米N、P、K吸收量发现,在大喇叭口期,有机肥替代化肥处理降低表层土壤无机N的供应水平,提高有效P和速效K的供应水平;在收获期,有机肥替代显著提高土壤微生物量C、N,显著降低81～100 cm土层NO_3-含量和1 m土体NO_3-累积量。有机肥替代提高养分生产力和养分回收量,加剧土壤养分的亏缺。本研究条件下,30%有机肥替代化肥处理土壤N、P、K养分供应水平高,养分回收率高,加剧土壤养分的亏缺,需考虑长期的养分平衡问题。     

海口市琼山区土壤速效养分状况调查

调查分析海南省海口市琼山区土壤养分现状，对该区8个乡镇的2 644个土样检测结果进行统计分析。结果表明：海口市琼山区土壤肥力水平较高，但各养分含量不均匀，特别是磷素含量严重缺乏；氮和钾素供应水平适中，而且各个地区含量不平衡，相差较大。此次土壤养分调查结果揭示了海口市琼山区不同地区的土壤养分状况，为今后耕地地力综合评价和科学施肥提供了参考依据。     

文昌市耕地土壤养分状况分析

第二次土壤普查后首次大规模对海南省文昌市的土壤养分状况进行调查分析,共分析统计了17个乡镇的4127个土样。结果表明:文昌市土壤养分含量总体水平较低,特别是钾素含量严重缺乏;磷素供应能力适中;氮素偏低;从空间分布分析各个地区含量不平衡,相差较大。结果反映了文昌市不同地区养分状况,提出了合理施肥及改良利用的建议,为今后土壤养分资源的综合评价和科学施肥提供了基础支持。     

基施生物质炭对菜用大豆植株营养吸收及土壤养分供应初报

在盆栽条件下,距土壤表面15 cm分别按照土壤总重量的0、1%、2%、3%和4%基施生物质炭,研究了生物质炭对0～10 cm土壤矿质养分供应能力以及菜用大豆对矿质养分吸收的影响。结果表明,基施生物质炭降低了土壤碱解氮含量,但未达显著水平(P>0.05);随生物质炭比例的提高,土壤有效磷和速效钾含量显著增加。基施生物质炭对菜用大豆氮素吸收能力无显著影响,但降低了植株的全磷、钾含量以及地上部分生物量。经分析初步认为,基施生物质炭对土壤的供氮能力和植株的氮素吸收没有显著影响,但改善了土壤的有效磷、钾供应。     

湖南省春玉米土壤养分丰缺指标构建研究

借助湖南省玉米"3414"肥料试验数据,比较红壤和水稻土养分含量差异,分别分析了红壤和水稻土两种类型土壤中各养分含量及其与对应肥料处理的产量之间的关系,将红壤和水稻土的氮磷钾含量水平分别进行分级。结果显示,除速效钾含量红壤高于水稻土外,其余养分含量两者无明显差异。土壤有效磷和速效钾含量可以与其对应的肥料空白处理的相对产量或产量成功拟合,可以进行土壤肥力分级,碱解氮则不能。借助不施氮处理相对产量与其相对应的土壤有机质含量,可间接对土壤供氮能力进行分级。土壤养分分级结果显示,红壤和水稻土的各养分含量均可分为低、较低、中等、较高和高5个等级。两种土壤对玉米氮素供应能力均处于中低水平,供磷能力均基本处于中等水平,其中水稻土稍高,供钾能力红壤处于中高水平,水稻土处于中低水平。研究结果表明,根据土壤类别进行肥力等级划分具有必要性和可行性,可为湖南省春玉米科学施肥提供有益参考。     

茶园土壤主要营养障碍因子及系列茶树专用肥的研制

系统研究了以浙江为主的茶园土壤养分资源现状,明确了茶园土壤养分供应能力低且不平衡、有机质贫缺和酸化日趋严重等主要营养障碍因子,提出了优质高效高产茶园土壤有机质、全氮等12项营养诊断指标,研制出适合不同类型茶园的茶树系列专用肥3种及其配套使用技术,取得明显的增产、提质和改土效果。     

海南琼中县什运乡土壤养分状况研究

在海南琼中县什运乡采集土壤样品276个，系统测定pH值及氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌、硼等含量，按第2次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准和全国农业技术推广服务中心微量元素含量分析要求，对其进行养分状况评价。结果表明，什运乡土壤酸性强；有机质和全氮含量处于中等水平，但土壤碱解氮较高，处于中等偏上水平；无论是全量水平，还是有效态水平，土壤磷、钾含量均处于低至极低水平；中、微量营养元素分布不一，交换性钙含量高而交换性镁含量低，有效锌含量丰富而有效硼含量缺乏。鉴于海南中部山区退化较为严重的土壤养分状况，在发展热带现代农业种植过     

区域耕地土壤养分空间变异研究及影响因素分析——以昌宁县为例

借助GIS和地统计学方法对研究区土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾3种土壤养分的空间变异特征进行了分析,结果表明:全氮、有效磷、速效钾符合指数模型;有效磷、速效钾的块金效应25%相似文献   

海南儋州荔枝园土壤养分现状分析

对儋州市各乡镇21个荔枝园中0-20 cm土层的土壤样品进行了测试分析。结果表明：土壤有机质含量不高，全N和碱解N属于中等偏下水平，而有效P则较丰富，有效K属于中等水平，有23.8 %的土壤样品pH≤4.5。调查结果揭示的儋州市荔枝果园土壤养分状况，为今后儋州荔技园土壤养分资源的综合评价和科学施肥提供了基础资料,并提出了儋州荔技园合理施肥及改良利用的建议。     

永州植烟土壤中量元素分布特征与聚类分析

为探明永州烟区土壤中量元素分布特征,2015年对永州市79个种烟乡镇689个植烟土壤的钙、镁、硫元素有效养分进行了取样调查和统计分析。结果表明,烟区土壤有效硫、交换性钙含量丰富,极少缺乏;土壤交换性镁缺乏比例占72.4%,应重视镁肥施用。利用聚类分析方法将永州烟区植烟土壤中量元素含量划分为4大特征区域,应根据养分分布特征,合理施用中量元素肥料。     

Identification of Nutrients Limiting Rice Growth in Soils of Northeast Thailand under Water-Limiting and Non-Limiting Conditions

Summary

Glasshouse nutrient omission trials are useful in identifying nutrient limitations for plant growth in soils under the same environmental conditions. Soils of low fertility are commonly used for production of rainfed lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.), and the crop often encounters water stress. Nutrient requirements may be modified when standing water disappears from the field. Two experiments with rice seedlings were conducted in a glasshouse at Ubon Rice Research Center, Thailand, to identify the nutrients which limit rice growth in soils of Northeast Thailand, and to determine whether nutrient limitations are affected by water availability. In Experiment 1, rice was grown on two soils (Roi et and Ubon series) under well-watered and water-limiting conditions, and 15 nutrient treatments were imposed. In Experiment 2, six soils from Northeast Thailand were examined using the same 15 nutrient treatments. The nutrients which clearly limited the growth of rice plants in soils of Northeast Thailand were nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). In some cases, potassium (K) and sulfur (S) also limited growth, and in one soil zinc (Zn) and boron (B) also limited growth. A shortage of N was the most important limitation for plant growth in all soils except one in which P was more important. The low supply of P decreased plant height and leaf area development during early growth ; low N supply had a greater effect later during growth. The omission of P had a larger detrimental effect on growth when water supply was limited. In the Roi et soil, the omission of S had a large effect on leaf area and total dry matter production only under water stress conditions, but this was not found in the other soils examined. These results from glasshouse studies show that the nutrients limiting rice growth depend on soil type and water availability in soils of Northeast Thailand.     

土地利用方式对南方红壤养分状况的影响

土壤养分是土壤学研究重点,是衡量土壤生产力的综合指标,而土地利用方式则是人类活动影响土壤养分变化最直接、最重要、最普遍的因素。随着人类活动对土地利用的范围不断扩大、强度不断加剧,进而对土壤养分造成了不同程度的影响,尤其是对南方红壤的影响。目前,该区域土壤养分退化严重,综述近10年国内外的相关文献,在土地利用方式改变下,以土壤的物理性质、有机质、氮磷钾的动态变化趋势对土壤养分进行分析和总结,以期更准确地预测和评估不同管理措施对土壤质量的影响,并及时采取有效措施,调整生产结构,降低土壤环境污染,提高土壤性能。     

成龄胶园间作不同豆科作物对土壤养分的影响

以间作胶园的土壤为材料,以单作胶园土壤为对照,采用土壤常规分析方法分别测定其中的主要营养成分。结果表明,间作的9种豆科作物均不同程度的降低了胶园土壤的有机质、全氮(除间作凉薯和黎豆的土壤全氮含量略高于不间作土壤外)、全磷、速效磷含量及pH值,不同程度的增加了铵态氮、硝态氮、全钾及速效钾含量。说明成龄胶园间作豆科作物能改善土壤的硝态氮、铵态氮、全钾及速效钾含量,短时期内提高了土壤的供氮、供钾能力,但降低了土壤磷含量和土壤磷的供应能力。由此可见,在成龄胶园内进行间作,必须加强作物施肥,以实现土壤养分的收支平衡,维护土壤功能、保护土壤质量。     

Effects of fertilization management on pasture productivity and nutrient composition

Biomass productivity in poor soils is limited by several factors, among which are climatic conditions and nutrients. The most important limiting nutrients in plant productivity are nitrogen and phosphorus, even in regions receiving <200 mm precipitation. In this study, we evaluated the improvement in pasture and soil quality using different fertilization management procedures over 2 years in phosphorus‐deficient soils. Three different fertilizers were used: urban solid waste (USW), ecofertilizer (EF) and calcium superphosphate (SP). The hypothesis that fertilization management significantly improves the quality of the soil and forage for cattle was also tested. Results showed that biomass change depended on the year but not on the treatment. Different percentages of functional groups (graminoids, leguminoids and others) were compared by year and treatment. The results were similar for the three groups. In general, the sampled year was more important than the treatments. Soil composition did show some changes, e.g. higher levels of phosphorus in soils fertilized with USW than in the soils under other treatments. As for plant nutrient composition, control plots revealed lower levels of nutrients for graminoids and leguminoids, while the results were irregular in the case of the other species group. For the fertilized plots, USW and SP revealed better results in graminoids, whereas for leguminoids, EF was more nutrient effective in 2004. In 2003, the three fertilizers led to improvements in soil and forage quality compared with the controls. Given the dependence of the local population on goat produce, we suggest a restoration of degraded native pasture areas using these treatments. In particular, USW increases productivity but has minimal effects on functional group composition and soil nutrient cycles.     

茶园土壤性状及茶树营养元素吸收、转运机制研究进展

优质安全的茶叶离不开养分条件、环境安全和茶园的土、水、肥的管理。本文在茶园土壤、茶树养分功能和分子营养机制、茶树施肥技术、茶园土壤重金属及茶树累积特点和机制等方面,对近五年来国内外的研究进展进行了综述。在茶园土壤研究方面,除了关注植茶后茶园土壤有机质变化特点外,茶园碳储量在全球碳循环中所起的重要作用也引起了人们的重视,同时分子生物学技术也开始应用于茶园土壤微生物种群数量和演变的研究,并在茶园土壤质量评价、土壤酸化原因以及应用生物质改良酸化茶园土壤等方面取得了一定进展。在茶树养分功能和调控技术方面,对主要营养元素氮、磷、钾等的营养功能及其在茶叶品质成分代谢中的作用和茶树吸收特性等有了更深入的认识,在茶树养分转运子基因克隆、氮营养分子生理机制、抗环境胁迫的分子基础等方面的研究逐渐深入,在机械施肥、水肥一体化、控释肥施用等技术研究方面取得较大进展,施肥的环境效应特别是温室气体排放影响成为近年的研究热点。伴随着对食品安全问题的关注,茶叶产地土壤重金属和稀土等的安全状况、茶树累积特点等方面的研究也取得一定进展。     

海南中部山区耕地土壤养分状况研究——以保亭县为例

揭示保亭县耕地土壤养分时空分布特征,为海南山区县市耕地土壤养分管理及土地可持续利用提供参考。采用实地调查、采集土壤样品和实验室分析相结合的方法,在测定土壤养分含量基础上,阐明土壤养分现状,并与保亭第二次土壤普查结果进行对比,探讨了全县耕地土壤养分时空变化规律。自20世纪80年代初以来,全县耕地土壤酸化明显,土壤有机质和速效钾含量有所下降、碱解氮变化不明显、有效磷含量显著升高,交换性钙、镁、有效硫含量中等偏下,各乡镇差异不明显,有效锌含量较丰富。保亭县耕地土壤养分含量属中等水平,且乡镇间各土壤养分含量分布不均,主要与施肥措施、气候条件及成土母质有关,其中施肥措施是最主要因素。     

Chemical properties of Niger floodplain soils,eastern Nigeria,in relation to mineralogy

The agricultural potentials of the floodplain soils of river Niger have been less exploited due to lack of information on their chemical and mineralogical characteristics. We studied five soil profiles within the floodplain to determine the levels of plant nutrients and relate them to their clay mineralogy and total element. The soils flooded for eight months of the year are low in pH and plant available nutrients while the dominant clay mineral is kaolinite. Kaolinite and interlayered vermiculite were negatively correlated with all the exchangeable bases, CEC and available P, indicating the negative contribution of these clay minerals to the plant nutrient reserve of these soils. Illite correlated positively with Na⁺ and K⁺ (r=0.51; 0.50), while smectite correlated significantly with Na, K, Ca and CEC. Also positive significant correlation existed between illite/smectite and Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, CEC and base saturation thus confirming the positive role of smectite and illite to the plant nutrient reserve in the soils. Kaolinite and CaO could be used for the prediction of exchangeable K (R²=0.62, 0.78 respectively). Although the level of nutrient cations are low, the depositional effect of the river and traditional cultivation practices can boost crop yield especially paddy rice.