不同季节对种公牛精液品质的影响

种公牛优良的精液对牛群的遗传改良起着极其重要的作用,为了提高种公牛精液品质与冷冻精液的质量,通过对不同季节种公牛精液的原精活力、鲜精密度、射精量及冻后活力的变化进行总结分析,研究不同季节对种公牛精液的品质的影响。结果表明:春季种公牛鲜精活力、密度、冻后活力最佳;夏季鲜精活力与冻后活力最差;秋季射精量最高但密度最低,鲜精活力与冻后活力仅高于夏季;冬季射精量最低,但鲜精活力、密度及冻后活力仅次于春季。因此,充分利用适宜生产的季节,合理安排采精,可提高种公牛的鲜精品质,进而提高冻精产量,使优秀种公牛的遗传潜力得到最大的发挥。     

不同品种种公牛繁殖性能分析

[目的]在相同的饲养环境条件下,分析不同品种种公牛之间繁殖性能及适应性的差异。[方法]通过对云南省家畜冷冻精液站四个品种的种公牛相关精液品质测量数据及终生冻精产量数据进行对比分析。[结果]经过对16头种公牛繁殖性能及适应性分析,荷斯坦种公牛原精活力及冻后活力都较其它种公牛表现出较明显的优势;荷斯坦种公牛在有效采精率及冻精产量上也明显高于其它品种公牛。     

多汁饲料对种公牛精液品质的影响研究

[目的]研究青绿多汁饲料对采精种公牛精液品质的影响.[方法]种公牛分为对照组和实验组;A组为对照组,按照常规喂混合干草和配合精料.B组为实验组,B组种公牛加喂青绿多汁饲料, [结果]通过试验B组种公牛的原精合格率、冻精数量和冻后0.4以上活力的冻精数有明显的提高,分别为24.32%、39.92%、52.9%.通过T检验P＜0.01,差异极显著.[结论]对采精种公牛加喂青绿多汁饲料可显著提高冻精数量和活率.     

注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质的影响研究

[目的]研究注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液品质的影响。[方法]随机选择6头种公牛,并采其精液进行检测,用比较方法研究。[结果]注射双价灭活疫苗前精液量6.8ml,鲜精活率70%,精液密度17.3亿/mL,冻后活率39.7%冻精数414.8剂,精子畸形率14.2%。注射双价疫苗之后精液量4.3 mL,鲜精活率6.5%,精液密度12.7亿/mL,冻后活率34.8%冻精数162.3剂,精子畸形率18%。[结论]注射疫苗后,种公牛的精液品质也随之下降,精液量、精子密度和原精活率注射后较注射前极显著降低,认为注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛的精液品质产生较大影响。     

催情散与自拟复方中草药对种公牛精液品质影响的研究

[目的]通过催情散加减与自拟复方中草药对种公牛性欲、精液品质影响的对比试验,筛选出复方中草药方剂。[方法]将20头西门塔尔种公牛随机分为两组,分别饲喂两种中草药配方,饲喂14—28d,对比两组饲喂中草药前后精液品质的变化情况。[结果]种公牛的精液量明显增多,组方1提高了13.77%,复方中草药组提高了23.56%;组方1活力提高了7.88%,复方中草药组提高了11.47%,精液量和活力差异极显著(p0.01);组方1密度降低了1.72%,复方中草药组密度增加了4.83%,差异不显著(p0.05),自拟复方中草药组方略有增大。[结论]经过试验结果证明,自拟复方中草药方剂更能提高种公牛性欲、精液量增大和提高精液品质。     

夏南牛与夏洛来公牛精液品质的对比分析研究

[目的]通过比较夏南牛和法系夏洛来的精液品质,探索中原地区肉牛改良的适合品种。[方法]选择中原地区的夏南牛和法系夏洛来种公牛各5头,比较两个品种种公牛的精液品质（采精量、原精密度、原精活力、细管产量、冻后活力、精子畸形率）。[结果]表明：夏南牛公牛精液品质极显著的高于夏洛来牛。[结论]夏南牛公牛更适应中原地区的气候条件...     

接种口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液质量的影响

使用疫苗预防接种能够有效防止传染病的发生,近年来,种公牛接种口蹄疫疫苗是预防口蹄疫最有效的手段,本试验以口蹄疫疫苗接种当天为界,对接种前后种公牛的采精量、原精活力、密度、解冻后活力进行测定,以期分析强制免疫口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛精液质量的影响。试验结果表明,种公牛进行口蹄疫强制免疫可以有效预防牛口蹄疫,同时也会影响种公牛的精液质量,尤其是精液的采精量、活力以及冻后活力。     

注射口蹄疫疫苗对不同月龄弗莱维赫种公牛精液品质的影响

选择不同月龄的弗莱维赫采精种公牛30头,注射口蹄疫疫苗后,观察其对精液次均采集量、平均密度、平均活力、精液废弃率及制冻数量的影响程度并进行对比。结果显示,疫苗注射后,3个月龄的种公牛精液采集量变化与注射前相比差异不显著(P＞0.05);24、32月龄种公牛的精液密度变化也不显著(P＞0.05),仅42月龄种公牛精液密度出现极显著增加(P＜0.01);3个月龄的种公牛精液活力均有不同程度的变化(P＜0.01),但影响期不同,以32月龄种公牛影响期短;疫苗注射后,仅有32月龄种公牛精液废弃率及制冻数量无显著变化(P＞0.05),24、42月龄公牛精液废弃率明显增加(P＜0.01),其精液制冻数量则在注射后期变化明显(P＜0.05)。综上所述,口蹄疫疫苗注射对各月龄种公牛精液品质均有不同程度的影响,以青年公牛最为明显。     

牛细管冷冻精液对提高解冻后精子活力及增强优秀公牛利用率的探讨

当前评定公牛精液品质的主要依据是采精量、原精活力、精子密度、精子的冻后复活率(冻后活力/原精活力)等项指标。而公牛由于个体间的差异使以上各项评定指标,尤其使冻后解冻活力出现较大差异。精液冷冻主要目的是为充分利用优良种公牛的精液,以先进的手段--深冷技术,制成冻精剂型加以保存,然后解冻(40℃水浴)复     

复方中草药对种公牛性欲和精液品质的影响研究

〔目的〗复方中草药对种公牛性欲、精液品质影响。[方法]将6头西门塔尔种公牛分为两组,分别饲喂两种中草药配方,以用药前为对照,比较用药前后种公牛性欲和精液品质。[结果]种公牛性欲明显增强,采精时间缩短。精液量比用药前增加,精液活力提高(P0.01)。[结论]种公牛饲喂复方中草药可改善性欲,提高精液品质。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.