公猪精液的质量管理

正饲养公猪的目的是生产出量多质优的精液,从而获得高的受胎率和产仔数。本文分析了影响种公猪精液品质的主要因素并有针对性提出提高精液品质的措施,为精液生产提供参考。1前言近几年来,我国猪肉产量明显上升,这在很大程度上受益于猪人工授精技术以及猪精液保存的推广应用。猪人工授精技术主要依赖于猪精液保存,而公猪精液的品质又直接影响着母猪的繁殖性能以及人工授精的成功率。因此,保证公猪精液的质量有很大的基础意义。     

标准化猪人工授精技术的应用

猪人工授精技术是提高生猪生产水平和促进生猪产业化发展的一项重要技术,为加快优质生猪的生产发展,充分发挥良种公猪的遗传性能和母猪繁殖性能,依据猪人工授精科学理论,从公猪、母猪选育,精液采集与品质鉴定,精液稀释,包装、保存     

猪人工授精技术要点分析

人工授精技术为养猪业规模化发展提供技术保障,公猪精液品质、繁殖母猪生理状态、输精操作等因素均会影响人工授精的成功率。本文对这些影响因素进行详细分析,并从采精公猪训练、公猪采精操作、精液处理、母猪发情鉴定和输精操作介绍猪人工授精技术要点,以期为猪人工授精规范化操作提供理论参考。     

公猪精液生产过程中的品质控制

正猪精液生产不仅关系着公猪站或者人工授精中心的重要问题,而且对于母猪繁育场更是关系重大。公猪站要建立完整的精液生产体系,特别是对于精液的分析和检测。同时,公猪站工作人员的管理和培训才是能够保证精液质量的核心因素。1前言种公猪精液质量的控制是猪繁殖过程中的关键环节。高质量的精液不仅可以为公猪站增加效益,而且可以使母猪场的繁殖能力最大化。据记载,第一次实施母猪人工授精是在俄罗斯的伊凡诺沃市。随着近100年     

人工授精用种公猪的饲养与管理

<正>人工授精用种公猪是猪群繁殖的关键,在生产中科学的营养喂食、饲养技术和科学生活规律,保证种公猪精力旺盛、体格健康、肥瘦相宜、繁殖力强和精液质量高。科学的饲养种公猪主要是提高种公猪的精液质量和与母猪繁殖配种能力,只有健康和高质量的种公猪精液才能孕育出健康优质的猪仔。本文从日常人工授精种公猪的饲养和管理进行具体的分析研究,仅供参考。1饲养与管理目标人工授精用种公猪的前期饲养管理工作目标     

影响种公猪精液保存效果的因素分析

猪人工授精技术(AI)在现代养猪生产中占据着越来越重要的作用,被广泛应用于养猪生产中,人们对提供优良的种公猪精液需求越来越大,因而精液的保存效果对人工授精技术的广泛应用具有积极意义。文章结合前人的相关研究,分析了抗冻剂、抗氧化剂、抗菌肽、稀释配方和方法等影响因素,阐述了改善措施,旨在为生产出优质种公猪精液提供思路和参考,进而发挥优良种公猪的繁育性能,促进我国养猪生产水平的提高。     

公猪精液的稀释保存和运输方法

精液的稀释、保存和运输等环节对精液质量均产生重要影响。公猪精液的质量直接影响到人工授精的效果。为了提高人工授精的效果,必须对精液的质量进行控制。稀释液的种类、质量直接影响精液稀释后的质量,稀释后精液的保存和运输环境的变化等不良因素都会对精子造成巨大的影响,所以,加强精液稀释、保存和运输过程的管理是保证精液质量的前提,是提高猪人工授精效果的保证。     

浅谈影响种公猪繁殖性能的因素

随着我国经济产业结构调整,养猪业向集约化、专业化和工厂化的现代养猪生产模式发展,人工授精技术在养猪业得到广泛应用。文章对影响种公猪繁殖率的因素进行综合性阐述,指出猪的品种、健康状况、饲养管理技术、饲养环境条件及人工授精技术等均会影响种猪的繁殖性能。高温季节避免种猪发生热应激反应,良好的饲养管理技术可提高种公猪的免疫力,改善精液品质;防止精液在保存期间发生氧化应激反应,延长精子的存活时间;使种猪处于最佳生产状态,保证其生育能力,提高种猪的繁殖性能,促进养猪业的健康发展。     

影响种公猪繁殖性能的营养因素

在种公猪的生产中,种公猪繁殖性能的高低直接影响后代的数量.质量以及生产效益.种公猪精液品质的好坏是衡量其繁殖性能的重要指标之一.而饲料中的营养因素是影响种公猪精液品质的重要因素.本文主要综述了影响种公猪繁殖性能的营养因素.     

猪场不同精液来源及配种方式的经济评估

随着我国专业种公猪站的发展,集约化猪场的精液来源(外购、自产)和配种方式(本交、人工授精、本交 人工授精)将趋向多样化.为了获得最大的和持续的经济效益,集约化猪场有必要科学评估不同配种方式和不同精液来源的投入产出比,预测公猪或公猪精液对现有猪群有关生产性状、繁殖效果和经济效益等的可能影响,归根到底要开展生产技术措施的经济评价.     

Biological markers of boar fertility

The semen evaluation techniques used in most commercial artificial insemination centers, which includes sperm motility and morphology measurements, provides a very conservative estimate of the relative fertility of individual boars. As well, differences in relative boar fertility are masked by the widespread use of pooled semen for commercial artificial insemination (AI) in many countries. Furthermore, the relatively high sperm numbers used in commercial AI practice usually compensate for reduced fertility, as can be seen in some boars when lower numbers of sperm are used for AI. The increased efficiency of pork production should involve enhanced use of boars with strong reproductive efficiency and the highest genetic merit for important production traits. Given that the current measures of semen quality are not always indicative of fertility and reproductive performance in boars, accurate and predictive genetic and protein markers are still needed. Recently, significant efforts have been made to identify reliable markers that allow for the identification and exclusion of sires with reduced reproductive efficiency. This paper reviews the current status of proteomic and genomic markers of fertility in boars in relation to other livestock species.     

影响猪精液液态常温保存的主要因素

人工授精技术的广泛应用,对生猪产业又好又快的发展起到了积极作用。由于现代快递业的飞速发展和猪同期发情技术的成熟,液态保存的精液可以在全球范围实施人工授精。与冷冻保存相比,常温保存有着无可替代的优势,提高良种公猪遗传资源的利用率与猪精液的常温保存技术密不可分。从温度、季节、稀释液添加物质等方面对猪精液液态常温保存进行了综述。     

Artificial insemination in swine.

This article analyses the advantages and disadvantages of artificial insemination with semen purchased from a center as well as from the herd boars on the farm. Intensive swine production could benefit greatly by adapting artificial insemination with herd boars, particularly from savings in labor and boar numbers. The techniques for semen collection, extension, and insemination are described, and sources for equipment given. Expected results of artificial insemination are quoted from experiments and international field experience.     

Semen alterations in porcine rubulavirus-infected boars are related to viral excretion and have implications for artificial insemination

Porcine rubulavirus (PoRV), also known as blue eye disease (BED) of swine, causes respiratory and reproductive problems in pigs at several developmental stages. To study the effect of PoRV infection on semen production, five boars were infected with 1 x 10(6) TCID(50)/ml of PoRV strain PAC-3 and evaluated for 59 days post inoculation (DPI). Infected boars developed reproductive tract pathology that included swelling of the testes and epididymides. Analysis of the semen showed that the infection had little effect on semen production in four animals, but semen from one boar showed severe alterations in sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. When motility was analyzed in BTS-diluted semen after 24, 48, or 72 h, alterations were detected in all boars. Furthermore, viral antigen was detected in semen, the seminal plasma fraction, or sperm fraction from all boars. These results showed that PoRV is excreted via semen and, therefore, artificial insemination is a potential route of dissemination.     

New strategies of boar sperm cryopreservation: Development of novel freezing and thawing methods with a focus on the roles of seminal plasma

Cryopreservation of boar spermatozoa offers an effective means of long‐term storage of important genetic material. Many researchers have investigated how to improve reproductive performance by artificial insemination (AI) using cryopreserved boar spermatozoa. Recently, we and other groups reported that high conception rates (70–80%) can be achieved by AI with frozen‐thawed boar spermatozoa using a modified temperature program during freezing, or a novel cryopreservation extender to improve sperm quality (including sperm survivability, motility, membrane status and fertilization ability) after thawing, or a novel sperm infusion method, deep intra uterine insemination. However, these techniques have not yet been used for commercial pig production. The variation in sperm freezability among boars or among ejaculations in an identical boar is one of the main reasons for this problem. In our previous study, it was revealed that some components of seminal plasma have a negative effect on the freezability of boar sperm. One of these factors is bacteria‐released endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS). LPS binds to Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4) expressed on the sperm surface, resulting in induction of apoptosis. On the other hand, seminal plasma suppresses cryo‐capacitation induced by thawing stress. On the basis of these findings, we designed a novel protocol of AI using frozen‐thawed boar sperm.     

猪精液超低温冷冻保存研究进展

猪人工授精(AI)技术已经广泛应用于畜牧业生产,但精液来源基本是17℃保存的新鲜猪精液,不利于精液长期保存和猪种资源保存。超低温冷冻保存技术是猪精液长期保存最有效的方法,冷冻精液可以实现不同地区、不同国家优良种猪精液间的交流,从而大大提高猪种资源的利用率,但冷冻解冻后的精液质量较差,受胎率、窝产仔数远低于鲜精,极大地限制了猪精液冷冻保存技术的广泛应用。本文综述了猪精液冷冻保存研究概况、猪精液冷冻损伤机理和猪精液冷冻保存影响因素,以期为猪精液超低温冷冻保存研究提供新的思路和方法。     

Within-herd Use of Boar Semen at 5°C, with a Note on Electronic Monitoring of Oestrus

A system was designed to allow a small swine farm in a northern latitude to use its own boars for artificial insemination (AI) conveniently. Semen was collected twice weekly for 3 day use (days 0, 1 and 2), extended in an egg yolk extender and stored at 5°C. Farm personnel were trained to manage the entire AI programme. For simplicity all semen collected was used for insemination. In the first test 47 gilts and 15 sows were inseminated with semen from four boars. One boar was subfertile with a farrowing rate of 36%. The averages for the other boars ranged from 71 to 100%. Then semen was collected from seven boars and all was used to inseminate 70 gilts and 55 sows with 3 × 10⁹ or more sperm. Overall 63% farrowed an average of 10.1 piglets per litter. Litter size for sows was 1.5 piglets larger than for gilts. There was no difference in farrowing rate when more than 3 × 10⁹ sperm were inseminated. The feasibility of initiating a complete AI programme within a small herd using herd boars was established. However, selection of the boars, use of only high quality semen, and experience with detecting oestrus was required to increase the farrowing rate. The use of various agents to protect sperm against cold shock below 15°C is worthy of further investigation. A new type of electronic probe, which measures the conductivity of cervical mucus, could be helpful if a boar is not available for conventional detection of oestrus.     

猪深部输精技术应用研究进展

常规子宫颈人工授精(cervical artificial insemination,CAI)技术输精量大,存在浪费和不经济的问题,尤其在使用高附加值的精液产品时更为突出。近年来,一种高效利用猪精液的深部输精技术得到了研究和应用,这种技术与定时输精技术相结合,直接将精液输送至子宫体、子宫角和输卵管内,减少了每头母猪受孕所需精子数目,大幅度提高了良种公猪的利用价值,有助于实现冷冻保存精液和性控精液在养猪生产上的商业化应用。作者概述了猪人工授精中3种深部输精技术在液态保存、冷冻保存和性控精液上的研究和应用情况。无论实施哪种输精技术,公猪繁殖力、精子活力、母猪的饲养管理、输精时间和人工授精技术操作的规范性都是提高受胎率必须要考虑的因素。     

加快完善种公猪站和猪人工授精体系建设

根据《全国生猪遗传改良计划(2009~2020)》中,关于'种公猪站和猪人工授精体系建设'及2009年发布的《种猪常温精液》国家标准要求,提出了种公猪站建设、猪常温精液配送、输精网点、猪人工授精体系的主体资质及标准。     

Field data analysis of boar semen quality

This contribution provides an overview of approaches to correlate sow fertility data with boar semen quality characteristics. Large data sets of fertility data and ejaculate data are more suitable to analyse effects of semen quality characteristics on field fertility. Variation in fertility in sows is large. The effect of semen factors is relatively small and therefore impossible to find in smaller data sets. Large data sets allow for statistical corrections on both sow- and boar-related parameters. Remaining sow fertility variation can then be assigned to semen quality parameters, which is of huge interest to AI (artificial insemination) companies. Previous studies of Varkens KI Nederland to find the contribution to field fertility of (i) the number of sperm cells in an insemination dose, (ii) the sperm motility and morphological defects and (iii) the age of semen at the moment of insemination are discussed in context of the possibility to apply such knowledge to select boars on the basis of their sperm parameters for AI purposes.