春播青贮玉米芸苔素应用效果研究

为探讨沧州生态类型区春播青贮玉米种植中芸苔素应用的可行性,以3个青贮玉米品种为材料开展田间比较试验,研究芸苔素对玉米生育期、农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响.结果显示:与对照相比,芸苔素的应用对玉米生育期有一定延缓作用;株高增加3.7％～11.0％,穗位增加5.0％～8.5％,茎粗降低4.6％～6.0％,均达显著水平;鲜...     

不同栽培措施对青贮玉米产量和营养品质的影响

采用随机区组设计和“3414”最优回归设计,研究青贮玉米不同种植密度、收获期和施肥水平对产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明：不同种植密度、收获期和施肥水平均极显著影响青贮玉米的产量和营养品质。其中,氮肥对青贮玉米的鲜、干生物产量的提高及青贮玉米营养品质、饲用价值的提高贡献最大,其次是磷肥,钾肥的影响较小。建立了氮、磷、钾肥和青贮玉米鲜、干生物产量,蛋白质产量,中、酸性洗涤纤维产量,脂肪产量的回归数学模型。得出了青贮玉米新饲玉14号在海南中等肥力土壤上的适宜种植密度为7.50～9.00万株/hm2;最佳收获期是籽粒乳熟中期; 预测出了获得青贮玉米最大鲜、干生物产量,蛋白质产量,中、酸性洗涤纤维产量,脂肪产量时所需氮、磷、钾肥的施用量。     

化控剂对不同密度青贮玉米生长和产量的影响

以饲草2号为试验材料,设6.0万、6.75万、7.5万株/hm2共3个种植密度,于拔节期分别喷施多效唑、饱玉、矮跺垛3种化控剂,探究化控剂在不同种植密度下对青贮玉米生长和产量的影响。结果表明,与清水处理相比,3种化控剂均显著增加各时期叶片SPAD值。多效唑喷施明显增加株高、穗位高和叶面积系数,饱玉、矮跺垛喷施则使其降低。鲜物质产量和干物质产量在多效唑处理下较对照显著增加了2.2%和3.1%,饱玉、矮跺垛喷施后则显著减少了3.7%和3.8%、6.0%和5.7%。在7.5万株/hm2种植密度下多效唑处理获得青贮玉米最高鲜物质产量和干物质产量,分别达82 877 kg/hm2和26 189 kg/hm2。     

种植密度对青贮玉米品种产量及相关性状的影响

以6个青贮玉米品种为试验材料,研究了3种种植密度对青贮玉米生物产量、干物质产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,不同品种之间生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;不同密度下品种的生物产量和干物质产量差异极显著;品种与密度互作之间生物产量和干物质产量差异分别为显著和极显著。龙育1号、高油169和高油115作为优质青贮高油玉米在黑龙江省适宜种植密度分别为7.0～8.0万株/hm2、7.0万株/hm2和6.0万株/hm2;黑饲1号在6万株/hm2时产量较高;龙辐208在7万株/hm2种植条件下,其生物产量和干物质产量均较高,尤其干物质产量最高;青贮玉米品种的青贮生育日数、株高、穗位、茎粗、收获期绿叶片数差异不大,品种之间差异主要由品种自身特性决定。中原单32可作为粒用玉米种植推广。     

粮饲兼用型玉米新品种科玉1108适宜密度研究

以科玉1108为材料,设4个种植密度处理(4.5、5.25、6.0、6.75万株/hm^2),研究密度对粮饲兼用玉米籽粒产量和青贮生物产量的影响。结果表明:随着密度的增加,株高和穗位高增加,行粒数、千粒重、单株生物鲜重和单穗重降低,籽粒产量和青贮生物产量呈抛物线分布。收获籽粒的最佳种植密度为5.25万株/hm^2,做青贮玉米的适宜种植密度在6.0万~6.75万株/hm^2,两者兼顾的合理种植密度为5.25万~6.0万株/hm^2。     

种植密度和施氮量对粮饲兼用玉米雅玉8号产量的影响

研究了不同种植密度和施氮量对粮饲兼用玉米品种雅玉8号产量的影响。结果表明,雅玉8号的最佳种植密度为9.75万株/hm2,最佳施氮量为337.5kg/hm2,鲜物质产量达71032.10kg/hm2,干物质产量达22820.10kg/hm2,果穗干物质产量达11547.64kg/hm2。通过对种植密度和施氮量与生物产量之间的关系建立的回归模型预测可知,当种植密度为10.68万株/hm2、施氮量为273.48kg/hm2时能获得最高的鲜物质理论产量70798.72kg/hm2;当种植密度为11.13万株/hm2、施氮量为280.52kg/hm2时能获得最高的干物质理论产量22936.30kg/hm2。种植密度和施氮量对雅玉8号生物产量及果穗产量的影响均达极显著水平。     

美国高产优质青贮玉米杂交种的选育

总结粮饲兼用型、多叶型和棕色中脉型3种类型青贮玉米杂交种的特点。介绍青贮玉米产量和饲料营养价值的评价指标和方法,比较不同类型的青贮玉米种质资源的饲料营养价值和目前美国市场上最新的青贮玉米杂交种的农艺性状和品质性状。2010年美国德克萨斯州青贮玉米区域参试杂交种生物产量和干物质产量分别达78 210 kg/hm2和27 370 kg/hm2,淀粉含量平均为40.9%,中性洗涤纤维平均36.4%,总可消耗营养平均为75%。     

高产、高出仁率花生新品种漯花10号的选育

为适应我国长江流域花生生产的需要,以中花10号为母本,与自选品系漯河紫皮杂交,用一粒传法结合南繁加代选育出高产、高出仁率花生新品种漯花10号。介绍了该品种的选育过程及其区域试验与生产试验的结果:两年区域试验平均荚果产量4645. 5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产2. 32%,籽仁产量3513. 0 kg/hm^2,比对照增产6. 73%;生产试验平均荚果产量4125. 15 kg/hm^2,比对照增产7. 96%,籽仁产量3118. 5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产12. 48%。     

食用型甘薯新品种鄂薯7号的选育与栽培要点

鄂薯7号两年省区试12点次综合鲜薯平均产量44 064.0 kg/hm2,比对照南薯88增产23.95%,居参试品种第一位;薯干产量11 640.0 kg/hm2,比对照南薯88增产11.8%,居参试品种第二位.研究表明,鄂薯7号高产的主要原因是干物质转化快、净同化率高.     

种植密度对不同夏玉米品种饲用和青贮品质的影响

以登海605(DH605)、京农科728(JNK728)和山农饲玉2号(SY2)为试验材料,设置3个种植密度60 000株/hm²、75 000株/hm²和90 000株/hm²(记作D6、D7.5和D9),研究种植密度对不同夏玉米品种不同收获期及不同器官饲用和青贮品质的影响。研究结果表明,随着种植密度增加,DH605的鲜物质和干物质产量显著提高,D9密度下的鲜物质和干物质较D6分别增加17.32%和23.19%,较D7.5分别增加6.26%和7.13%;JNK728和SY2的鲜物质和干物质产量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。蜡熟期进行收获和青贮,玉米的饲用价值最高,以D7.5密度为例,DH605蜡熟期玉米粗饲料分级指数分别较乳熟期和完熟期增加8.31%和27.80%,JNK728分别增加12.55%和75.52%,SY2分别增加7.13%和58.10%;同时瘤胃降解率最高,各品种趋势一致。果穗青贮的饲用品质较秸秆青贮显著提高。本试验研究结果,DH605的最佳种植密度为90 000株/hm²,JNK728和...     

张掖市菜用型马铃薯品种费乌瑞它高效栽培技术

经多年引种试验示范,早熟菜用型马铃薯品种费乌瑞它在张掖市城郊蔬菜区地膜覆盖种植,每公顷平均产量为37.5 t,最高产量可达67.5 t,每公顷产值为30 000～75 000元。在种植模式上,采用地膜马铃薯套种玉米或大小拱棚复种秋菜等,每公顷产值为45 000～150 000元,提高土地利用率和增加复种指数,取得了良好的经济效益。总结高效栽培技术的主要环节包括:选地整地、种薯处理、施足基肥、根外追肥、适期早播、合理密植、高垄栽培、浅灌勤灌、及时防治病虫害、防止晚霜冻害及适时收获等。     

富硒植物营养素对桂东山区夏甜玉米产量及硒含量的影响

通过小区对比试验,研究富硒植物营养素对高寒山区夏甜玉米植物学性状、经济性状、经济效益、外观品质、硒含量等方面的影响。结果表明：在玉米灌浆前期,叶面喷施富硒植物营养素,叶片保绿度大幅增加,鲜苞重和鲜穗重分别增加26.5%和24.0%,鲜粒重达到170 g,增幅达到43.9%,出籽率和百粒重分别增加了16.0%和28.7%;玉米硒含量达到0.17 mg/kg,达到富硒标准。     

Effects on milk production of feeding silage and sugar-beet pulp as separate components, in a mixed ration or as an ensiled blend

Twenty early-lactation British Friesian dairy cows were used in a five-treatment, partially balanced change-over design experiment, consisting of four periods each of 4 weeks' duration. Three treatments consisted of offering ensiled blends of silage and sugar-beet pulp produced by mixing 40 (S40), 80 (S80) and 120 (S120)kg beet pulp t^?1 herbage at ensiling. In two further treatments, an untreated silage was supplemented with 5 kg of beet pulp daily, either mixed with the silage prior to feeding (SM) or offered in two equal feeds each day (ST). Silage was offered ad libitum in all treatments, while in addition all cows received 1 kg d^?1 of a concentrate supplement containing 470 g crude protein kg^?1 fresh weight. Dry-matter intakes and milk fat + protein yields increased with increasing level of beet pulp inclusion in the diet, irrespective of whether it was offered in the form of an ensiled blend or as a supplement to an untreated silage. With the exception of D-value (digestible organic matter in the dry matter), which was significantly higher with treatments SM and ST than with the ensiled blend treatment (S80), no significant differences were identified in total ration digestibility or in the efficiency of nitrogen or energy utilization between methods of beet pulp inclusion in the diet. However, offering beet pulp in the form of an ensiled blend reduced the acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid compared with offering best pulp as a supplement to an untreated silage. When account is taken of differences in the efficiency of recovery of edible silage dry matter between ensilage systems and of differences in dry-matter intakes between treatments, total milk fat + protein outputs per 10000 kg herbage dry matter ensiled were 55 (s.e. 50·9) and 78 (s.e. 47·5) kg lower when equal quantities of beet pulp were offered as part of an ensiled blend rather than as a supplement to an untreated silage, as in treatments SM and ST respectively. However, these differences were non-significant. Alternatively, in order to produce an equal milk output from ensiling a given quantity of herbage, 12·5 and 16·2% more beet pulp would have been required if the beet pulp had been mixed with the herbage at ensiling, rather than offered as a supplement, as in treatments SM and ST respectively.     

Comparative performance of different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed

The growth and yield of plants from different-sized seed tubers derived from true potato seed were evaluated on a per stem, per plant, and per unit area basis using either single or multiple-sprout tubers. In single-sprout tubers, haulm dry weight per stem 47 days after planting was greater in the 40–60 g tubers when compared with that in the 5–10 g or the 10–20 g tubers. This resulted in greater tuber weight per stem in the 40–60 g tubers throughout the growing season. The number of tubers per stem was not affected by seed tuber size. In multiple-sprout seed tubers of increasing size, total tuber number and total tuber weight, as well as weight of those tubers larger than 45 mm, increased on a per plant basis but decreased on a per stem basis. At different rates of planting, 1–5 g seed tubers produced smaller tubers than 5–10 g or 10–20 g seed tubers. Increased rate of planting resulted in non-significant yield increases per unit area in plots planted with 1–5 g seed tubers. The yield increases were significant when 5–10 g and 10–20 g seed tubers were planted at higher rates. The number of main stems per unit of seed tuber weight was five times greater in 1–5 g tubers compared with that in 40–60 g tubers. This resulted in low seed weights per hectare when small tubers were planted and in a high ratio of harvested to planted tuber weight.     

冀东地区种植密度对小麦京冬8号抗倒伏能力和产量的影响

为明确冀东地区种植密度对冬小麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响,于2011-2013年度以当地推广的冬小麦品种京冬8号为材料,设每公顷375万、525万、675万和825万株4个种植密度处理,分析了不同密度下小麦茎秆质量、抗倒伏指数和产量的差异.结果表明,密度增大使小麦基部第1节间增长,增加了基部节间长在茎长中所占的比例、株高和重心高度,导致茎秆变细,茎秆机械强度和抗倒伏指数降低.当密度达到每公顷675万株时,小麦出现倒伏,密度再增加,倒伏时间提前,倒伏程度增大.群体干物质积累量在生育前期随密度增加而增加,但大密度导致植株分蘖衰亡较多,降低生育后期干物质生产能力,至成熟时以每公顷525万株的干物质积累量和花前营养器官贮存干物质向籽粒的运转量最多.虽然每公顷675万株的有效穗数最多,但由于倒伏严重,其千粒重最轻,每公顷825万株的有效穗数和穗粒数均较少,因此这两个高密度处理的产量均较低.综合来看,在冀东地区,适期播种条件下,小麦京冬8号以种植密度为每公顷375万～525万株为宜,此密度下茎秆质量较高,抗倒伏能力较强,产量较高.     

内蒙古西部区马铃薯脱毒种薯快速繁育的研究——Ⅱ.脱毒种薯生产技术及其良种繁育体系的研究

在内蒙古乌兰察布盟后山地区武川原种基地，对各级种薯生产技术及其良繁体系进行了系统的研究。现已明确：在开放条件下生产脱毒小薯（原原种），产量可达８０７３～９４６５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，种薯产量和质量不低于温、网室生产的脱毒小薯；不同薯重的脱毒小薯旱坡地直播效果，以１０ｇ和８～１０ｇ薯重的效果好，产量和商品率均高；１级种薯在不同旱地类型种植的增产效果，以旱滩地的产量最高，其次为旱坡地，分别比对照（未脱毒）增产７１．２８％、１７１．２８％；８月上旬为有翅桃蚜迁飞盛期，从７月上旬迁飞初期开始喷药防蚜，防治效果显著；在乌盟后山半农半牧地区以原原种、原种、１、２级种薯建立的３级脱毒良种繁育体系符合该地区的生产实际，能达到留种和保种的快速、优质、高产、低成本的效果。经过６年示范推广，现已在武川等３个旗县普及，累计各级种薯种植面积达到２．３２万ｈｍ２，平均单产３万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２左右，生产出各级种薯及商品薯６９８５万ｋｇ，累计创造社会财富７１５０万元。     

The implications of controlling grazed sward height for the operation and productivity of upland sheep systems in the UK. 2. Effects of two annual stocking rates in combination with two levels of fertilizer nitrogen

When grazed sward surface height was controlled within the range 3·75-5·25 cm during spring and summer, the effects of two annual stocking rates of twenty (SR20) and twelve (SR12) Cheviot ewes per hectare with their lambs and two rates of nitrogen fertilizer, 100(N100) and 200(N200)kg Nha⁻¹ per year on animal performance and yield of silage from areas of pasture surplus to grazing requirements were measured. Decision rules for management of sward height resulted in good control of swards and consistent and satisfactory individual animal performance across treatments. Total output of lamb was greater for SR20 than for SR12 (699 vs 424kg live weight ha⁻¹; P < 0·001). Yield of silage was less for SR20 than for SR12 [27 vs 184 kg dry matter (DM) per ewe; P < 0·001] and less for N100 than for N200 (65 VS 146 kg DM per ewe; P < 0·01). Around the mating period, when sward height fell below 3·5cm, supplementary feed was offered. More concentrates were offered to the SR20 than to the SR12 ewes (12·3 vs 1·2kg DM per ewe; P < 0·001) and to the N100 than to the N200 ewes (8·3 vs 5·2kg DM per ewe; P < 0·01); trends in the amounts of hay offered during that period were similar.