Mechanical and physical characterization of sodium hydroxide treated Borassus fruit fibers

In order to improve the properties by chemical modification and to optimize the alkali concentration,we treated Borassus fruit fine fibers with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations.In each case,the tensile properties of the fibers were determined.The morphology of the untreated and alkali treated fibers was observed using scanning electron microscope.The surface of the fibers became rough on alkali treatment.The tensile properties of the fibers improved on alkali treatment.The fibers attained maximum tensile properties when treated with 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and decreased thereafter.The crystallinity index of the fibers showed a similar trend.The thermal stability of the alkali treated fibers was found to be higher than that of untreated fibers.Further,the char content was maximum for fibers treated with alkali having concentration of 15% and above.The chemical composition indicated that the percentageof α-cellulose was maximum when the fibers were treated with 15% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and then decreased thereafter thus indicating the beginning of degradation of the fibers at higher concentrations.Thus,the optimum concentration of NaOH was established as 15% for alkali treatment of the Borassus fibers.     

Ultraviolet resistance and other physical properties of softwood polymer nanocomposites reinforced with ZnO nanoparticles and nanoclay

Wood polymer nanocomposites (WPNCs) based on nano-ZnO and nanoclay were prepared by impregnation of melamine formaldehyde–furfuryl alcohol copolymer, 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), a cross-linking agent and a renewable polymer obtained as a gum from the plant Moringa oleifera under vacuum condition. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies were employed for the characterization of modified ZnO and WPNCs. The change in crystallinity index (CrI) value of the cellulose in wood and the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles in composites were determined using FTIR and XRD. Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of nanoparticles and nanoclay in the cell lumen or cell wall of wood. An enhanced UV resistance property was shown by the treated wood samples as judged by lower weight loss, carbonyl index, lignin index, cellulose CrI values, and mechanical property loss compared to the untreated wood samples. Wood polymer composites treated with 3 phr each of nanoclay, ZnO, and the plant gum showed an improvement in mechanical properties, flame-retarding properties, thermal stability, and lower water uptake capacity.     

低温等离子体预处理对玻璃纤维增强木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

探讨了低温等离子体预处理对玻璃纤维增强木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:1)低温等离子体处理可有效改善玻璃纤维和木塑复合材料之间的界面相容性。较优预处理参数为:氧气氛围,处理功率100W,处理时间90s。2)玻璃纤维经等离子预处理可有效提高木塑复合材料的力学性能,但处理功率为200W,处理时间180s时,可能对纤维结构造成破坏,导致复合材料的力学性能降低。3)微观形貌特征显示,处理组复合材料中的应力得到有效传递,纤维破坏形式以断裂为主;纤维及聚合物基体表面存在不同程度的刻蚀,从而增加了比表面积,有利于两者之间的界面相互作用。4)等离子体处理主要通过改变基材表面化学组成及刻蚀作用,两者协同可提高聚合物基体与玻璃纤维之间的界面结合能力。     

Characterization of the morphological,physical, and mechanical properties of seven nonwood plant fiber bundles

The morphological, physical, and mechanical properties of the nonwood plant fiber bundles of ramie, pineapple, sansevieria, kenaf, abaca, sisal, and coconut fiber bundles were investigated. All fibers except those of coconut fiber had noncircular cross-sectional shapes. The crosssectional area of the fiber bundles was evaluated by an improved method using scanning electron microscope images. The coefficient factor defined as the ratio of the cross-sectional area determined by diameter measurement, to the cross-sectional area determined by image analysis was between 0.92 and 0.96 for all fibers. This indicated that the area determined by diameter measurement was available. The densities of the fiber bundles decreased with increasing diameters. The diameters of each fiber species had small variation of around 3.4%-9.8% within a specimen. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of ramie, pineapple, and sansevieria fiber bundles showed excellent values in comparison with the other fibers. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus showed a decreasing trend with increasing diameter of fiber bundles.     

Mechanical properties of wood swollen in organic liquids with two or more functional groups for hydrogen bonding in a molecule

The modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rupture during static bending in the radial direction, and the viscoelastic properties in the radial direction in the temperature range 20°–100°C of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) swollen in organic liquids with two or more functional groups in a molecule were compared with those of wood swollen by moisture. The wood swollen in organic liquids in or near the swelling equilibrium, but not that swollen in organic liquids distant from the swelling equilibrium, showed higher moduli of elasticity and rupture than the wood swollen to a similar degree by moisture. This suggests that wood exists in an unstable state as it approaches the swelling equilibrium, rendering it highly flexible and weak. During the first viscoelastic measurements for wood swollen in various organic liquids, thermal softening was observed in 40°–60°C range and above 80°C, though this softening disappeared during the second measurement. The softening observed in the 40°–60°C range and above 80°C was thought to have been caused by the redistribution of liquid toward the equilibrium state at a higher temperature and the swelling accompanying an elevated temperature, respectively.Part of this report was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1999     

Effect of shifting cultivation on soil physical and chemical properties in Bandarban hill district, Bangladesh

This study reports the effects of shifting cultivation at slashing stage on soil physicochemical properties at Bandarban Sadar Upazila in Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. At this initial stage of ...     

木质纤维/聚酯纤维复合吸声材料力学性能的研究

笔者探讨了制备木质纤维/聚酯纤维复合吸声材料时,木质纤维/聚酯纤维比、施胶量、发泡剂加量、密度等因素对复合吸声材料力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:将木质纤维和聚酯纤维混合,制造复合吸声材料是可行的;木质纤维/聚酯纤维比、施胶量、发泡剂加量、密度是影响复合板材力学性能的主要因素;随着木质纤维/聚酯纤维比、施胶量的增大,产品的静曲强度、弹性模量和内结合强度提高;随着发泡剂含量的增加,产品力学性能有所降低;随着密度的提高,产品的力学性能呈线性比例增大。     

改性辐射松木材物理力学性能研究

研究了辐射松树脂浸渍材与热空气热处理树脂浸渍材、热压热处理树脂浸渍材的物理力学性能,为后续辐射松改性处理和加工利用提供参考。结果表明:相对于未处理材,浸渍处理提高了木材的密度、尺寸稳定性、力学性能;相对于浸渍材,热处理可进一步提高尺寸稳定性,但一定程度降低了力学强度。     

不同温湿度条件对人造板理化性能的影响

以强化木地板、中密度纤维板、高密度纤维板、浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板等5类人造板为试材,研究标准、模拟夏季、模拟冬季等不同温湿度平衡处理条件对上述人造板内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率和表面结合强度值等理化性能检测指标结果的影响。结果表明,高温高湿平衡处理使人造板的力学强度增加,吸水厚度膨胀率降低;低温低湿平衡处理使人造板力学强度降低,吸水厚度膨胀率增加;不同平衡处理条件下强化木地板吸水厚度膨胀率差异较大;对饰面板表面结合强度的影响大于素板。     

Dependence of reaction kinetics and physical and mechanical properties on the reaction systems of acetylation II: physical and mechanical properties

Acetylation of wood was carried out in acetic anhydride only, acetic anhydride/xylene 1:1 (v/v), and acetic anhydride/pyridine 4:1 (v/v) solutions. The antishrink efficiency (ASE), hygroscopic properties, vibrational properties, and bending strength were compared among the three reaction solutions. The ASE was a simple function of weight gain (WG); the equilibrium moisture content at a given WG differed among the reaction solutions. Based on this fact and the results of repeated water soaking and oven-drying tests, it was found that the bulking effect was a major factor, and that decreased hygroscopicity contributes only slightly to the dimensional stabilization by acetylation. The difference in equilibrium moisture content among reaction solutions appears more significant in block samples than wood meal, probably due to the fiber-to-fiber bonds in the former. The tendencies for change in the specific Youngs modulus and the loss tangent differed among reaction solutions, whereas in the static bending test the difference was not marked.Part of this report was represented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002     

热处理工艺对针叶树材耐腐性及力学性能的影响

对热处理后的樟子松、落叶松和扭叶松木材,进行室内耐腐性和力学性能检测,结果表明:随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,3种木材的耐腐性明显增强;木材的弹性模量和抗弯强度均随着处理温度的升高,呈现先增后减的趋势.     

影响重组木和单板条平行胶合材力学性能的主要工艺因子的比较与分析(英文)

通过工艺实验,对重组木和单板条平行胶合材(PSL)的主要力学性能进行了研究。采用杨木、落叶松和桦木小径材作为重组木原料;以胶合板厂的杨木及桦木旋切后的废单板条作为PSL的原料。在实验室条件下,利用低质小径木和木材加工剩余物,制造出具有高强度的结构用重组木和PSL;对两种人造木材的工艺条件进行了比较与分析,分别提出了影响重组木和PSL力学强度的主要工艺因子。结果表明热压压力是影响重组木力学强度的一个重要工艺因子,而单板条长厚比对PSL也是一个重要工艺因子。     

中外木材物理力学数据的换算

根据中外木材物理力学性质试验方法标准的差异，提出了中外木材密度、干缩性和力学强度等试验数据的换算方法，以解决两类木材试验数据的对比问题。     

毛竹防霉处理工艺及其对力学性能的影响

以毛竹为试验材料,采用有机硅系季铵盐防霉剂对其进行防腐防霉处理,分析药剂浓度、浸渍处理时间、浸渍压力对防霉处理效果的影响,比较各工艺条件载药量的差别,并分析防霉处理工艺对竹材力学性能的影响。结果表明,药剂浓度是影响毛竹防霉处理效果的主要因素;毛竹最佳防霉处理工艺为药剂浓度1.5%、加压时间60 min、浸渍压力0.1 MPa;防霉处理使毛竹主要力学性能略微下降,但处理前后差异不显著。     

Mechanical properties of coppiced and non-coppiced Pterocarpus erinaceus boles and their industrial application

Rosewood(Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir.)is valued for flooring,ornaments,musical instruments and furniture-making due to its durability,strength,beauty and acoustic properties.It coppices easily which could boost its continual supply.Compression parallel to grain,Modulus of Elasticity(MOE)and Modulus of Rupture(MOR)within coppiced and non-coppiced boles were determined.These properties decreased along both types of boles.Strength values for the heartwood were also greater than those for the sapwood of each type of bole.MOE,MOR and compression for non-coppiced stems were greater than those from the coppiced stems.The differences were significant(p<0.05).Mechanical properties from the coppiced and non-coppiced boles are comparable.Both have strength properties comparable with those of species widely used for railway sleepers,structural supports,flooring,veneer,furniture,cabinetry,truss and mine props.Therefore,coppiced wood could supplement non-coppiced wood for industrial applications which require strength.     

四川引种台湾桤木立地条件与木材力学性质的典型相关分析

从四川乐山和广元两地4处各采集3株6 a生的台湾桤木作为试验样木,采用典型相关分析方法对木材力学性质与立地条件进行了分析。结果表明:降低土壤的氮和pH值,有利于提高木材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度和冲击韧性;木材的抗弯强度、冲击韧性和抗劈力随着土壤的钾和磷含量、年降雨量和日照时数的增大而降低。     

不同栽培林龄和轮次的杨树人工林土壤理化性质

采用空间代替时间的方法,构建了不同栽培林龄和轮次的杨树人工林试验样地,测定了土壤主要物理化学性质.结果表明,不同栽培轮次土壤密度值表现为1轮11年生＞2轮9年生,随着林龄增加,土壤密度呈逐渐下降趋势,表现为2轮3年生＞2轮6年生＞2轮9年生,且各样地之间呈显著差异;土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度在各样地之间的变化无明显差异,而土壤非毛管孔隙度的变化则呈显著差异,在不同林龄样地上呈极显著差异.试验结果还显示,表层0～10 cm土壤中各养分元素的含量都对应地高于10～ 30 cm土层的含量,而pH值则呈相反的变化趋势;在不同栽培轮次和林龄的杨树人工林样地上对应土层土壤养分元素无明显的变化规律.     

白夹竹防护处理工艺及对力学性能的影响

以白夹竹为试验材料,采用环保防霉剂对其进行加压防护处理,分析药剂浓度、加压时间、浸渍温度对防腐防霉处理效果的影响,比较各工艺条件载药量的差别,并分析防腐防霉处理工艺对竹材力学性能的影响。结果表明:药剂浓度是影响白夹竹防腐防霉处理效果的主要因素;白夹竹较为理想的防腐防霉处理工艺为药剂浓度1.5%,加压时间30min,浸渍温度120℃;防腐防霉处理使白夹竹主要力学性能略微下降,但处理前后差异不显著。     

不同林型下土壤理化性质的差异研究

为了探讨杨树林、刺槐林的增产机理,本文从土壤理化性质、土壤养分含量等方面,对杨树林、刺槐林与林外进行调查分析。结果表明:杨树林和刺槐林较大幅度地改善了土壤孔隙度、含水量、养分含量等等;杨树林和刺槐林在提高土壤肥力方面有着重要意义。     

杨村新无性系木材物理力学性质的研究

研究了7个杨树新无性系和I－69杨的木材物理力学性质。结果表明，杨木新无性系的物理力学性质等主要指标均属于小至甚小级，无性系间物理力学性质差异显著，据此可用木材物理力学性质因子选育优良无性系。尽管新无性系的生长速度超过I－69杨，但由于其某些强度指标低于I－69杨，8年生的速生材尚不能完全替代11年生的I－69杨使用，因此不能作为建筑结构材使用。