优质高产杂交粳稻新组合徐优201的选育及利用

徐优201(徐9320A×徐恢201)是一个优质高产杂交中粳新组合。2003—2004年参加江苏省杂交中粳区试和生产试验,2 a区试平均比对照9优138增产6.44%,生产试验比对照增产13.94%。大面积种植产量在9.50 t/hm2左右。米质理化指标达国标3级优质稻谷标准。该组合还表现株型优良,长势繁茂,穗大粒多,灌浆速度快,结实率高,抗病抗倒性强,高产稳产性好,适应性广。2005年2月通过江苏省农作物品种审定。     

杂交水稻福优964的特征特性及其高产栽培技术

福优 964是福建省农科院稻麦研究所用福伊A与福恢 964配组而成的优质高产抗病中晚稻迟熟新组合 ,2 0 0 0年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该组合株叶形态好、适应性广、抗逆性强、后期转色好、单产高 ,为福建省优质高产抗病杂交水稻新组合。 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年晚季在闽侯县的甘蔗、尧沙等地大面积生产示范 ,均获得丰收 ,现对其特征特性和高产栽培技术总结如下 :1　主要特征特性1 1　产量表现1997～ 1 998年参加福建省杂交晚籼组区试 ,平均单产分别为 6 0 8t/hm2 、 7 0 1t/hm2 ,比对照汕优 63分别增产 1 1 88%、 2 1 4% ,达极…     

D702优多系1号在莆田的种植表现及高产栽培技术

D70 2优多系 1号是四川农大水稻所用优质、高异交率的迟熟早籼不育系D70 2A与多系 1号配组杂交育成 ,2 0 0 0年 7月通过四川省品种审定 ,2 0 0 1年通过全国品种审定。 1 998～ 1 999年参加福建省中稻杂优组区试 ,2 0 0l年通过福建省品种审定。2 0 0 2年该组合在莆田种植表现农艺性状好、丰产性好、适应性好、抗逆力强、米质优。1　产量表现该组合 2 0 0 2年在涵江区晚稻试种 0 2hm2 ,单产 9 1 8t/hm2 ,比对照特优 63增产 1 2 0t/hm2 ;在莆田县试种 0 2hm2 ,单产 9 2 6t/hm2 ,比对照汕优63增产 1 2 1 % ;在仙游县试种 0 2hm2 ,单产8 9…     

优质杂交中晚籼Ⅱ优131特征特性及其栽培技术要点

Ⅱ优 1 31是泉州市农科所用Ⅱ - 32A与本所选育的优质恢复系泉恢 1 31配制而成的杂交中晚籼新组合。经 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年 2a泉州市区试及2 0 0 2年福建省区试 ,表现米质优、产量高、较抗病、熟期适中等特点。其米质经检测 1 2项指标中有 6项达优质米一级标准 ,4项达二级标准 ,在福建省首届优质稻投标中入标。1　产量表现1 999年晚季参加泉州市农科所品比 ,平均产量 45 6 6kg/ 667m2 ,比对照汕优 63增产 5 5 % ,居第二位。 2 0 0 0年继续参加该所品比 ,平均产量487 4kg/ 667m2 ,比对照汕优 63增产 7 94% ,居参试组合第一位。 2 0 0 1年…     

杂交晚籼新组合三香优714的选育与应用

三香优714是衡阳市农业科学研究所用优质不育系三香A作母本,恢复系yo714作父本杂交配组育成的杂交晚籼新组合.该组合具有米质较优、高产、生育期适宜、适应性广等特点,经国家南方区试鉴定,平均产量7.12 t/hm2,比对照汕优46增产3.77%,达显著水平,且主要米质指标达部颁二级优质米标准.2004年10月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定.     

优质高产晚稻新品种皖粳97选育及其应用研究

皖粳97是安徽省农科院水稻研究所用本所选育的晚粳品系2277作母本 ,与浙江省嘉兴市农科院选育的晚粳品系丙814杂交选育而成的优质、高产晚稻新品种。2002年通过安徽省品种审定 ,定名皖稻64。该品种的育成 ,改变了长江中下游地区晚粳品种“优而不高 ,高而不早”的局面 ,是安徽省品种结构调优的首选品种之一。一、种植面积和产量表现1997年在安徽省农科院水稻所双晚品比试验中 ,折合单产9.3t/hm2 ,比对照鄂宜105增产24.3 %。1999～2000年参加安徽省双晚组区试 ,平均产量5.88t/hm2 ,比对照两系粳杂70优04减产4.95 % ,1999年比对照D9055增产3.6…     

新两优6号的生育特性及高产配套技术

新两优6号(新安S×安选6号)是安徽荃银农业高科技研究所选育的具有防伪功能的优质、高产、抗病籼型两系杂交中稻新品种。2005年沅陵县引进该品种,示范推广320 hm2,平均产量为9.75 t/hm2。2006年推广面积达1 810 hm2,成为沅陵县的主要当家组合。现将引种情况及高产栽培技术介绍如下。1产量及特征特性1.1产量及品质表现新两优6号在沅陵种植,平均产量9.99 t/hm2,比两优培九增产6.9%,比国丰1号增产3.2%。该组合的稻米品质优良,糙米率81.4%,精米率74.3%,谷粒长宽比2.9,米饭清香柔软,适口性好。1.2生育期适中,分蘖力强,成穗率高该组合属中熟杂交…     

优质抗病高配合力粳稻不育系扬辐粳7号A的选育与应用

扬辐粳7号A是江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所以徐9201A为母本,扬辐粳7号为父本,通过杂交、连续回交转育而成的BT型粳稻不育系。该不育系抗病性强,米质达国标1级优质稻谷标准,综合性状优良,不育性稳定,开花习性较好,异交结实率较高,配组优势明显,2012年通过江苏省粳稻不育系鉴定。所配组合通优粳1号(扬辐粳7号A/R98)表现高产、优质,2013年通过江苏省品种审定。     

两优培九高产栽培技术

两优培九系用培矮 6 4 S为母本、9311为父本配组的两系杂交水稻组合。该组合在岳阳市作中稻栽培 ,已有 3年。1999年引进 ,2 0 0 0年小面积示范 ,2 0 0 1年达 1万公顷 ,2 0 0 2年可达 2 .2万公顷 ,占岳阳市中稻面积的 4 8%。该组合表现适应性强、产量高、米质优、抗白叶枯病和抗稻瘟病等优点 ,深受广大农户欢迎。1　两优培九的表现两优培九在本市作中稻栽培 ,从小面积示范到大面积推广种植 ,都表现产量高、米质好。我市地处湘北 ,土层深厚肥沃 ,适合两优培九的生长。 2 0 0 1年 ,随机调查 9.5 hm中 稻两优培九 ,平均单产为 9.2 1t/ hm,随机…     

优质抗病杂交中籼新组合中优141

中优141系萍乡市农科所用中九A与自选恢复系R141配组育成的杂交中籼新组合,2003和2004年参加江西省一季稻区试,平均产量7.55 t/hm2。该组合株型较好,穗大粒多,产量潜力大,中抗稻瘟病,米质达国标优质稻谷3级标准。2005年3月通过江西省农作物品种审定。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Combined nitrogen and sulphur fertilisation and its effect on wheat quality and protein composition measured by SE-FPLC and proteomics

Soil sulphur deficiency, which is increasingly prevalent in Western Europe, lowers wheat yields, and also affects the gluten quality of the flour. Differences in S availability may change the proportion of S-poor to S-rich gliadins and glutenin subunits. This may cause unpredictable and unwanted variations in wheat quality. The combined effects of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) fertilisers and split application of S and N on wheat gluten quality and composition were investigated. The results revealed effects of S fertilisation on dough quality. At high N fertilisation levels significant responses to S fertilisation were found which emphasised the need for precision application of S in intensive wheat production systems. Protein fractionation by SE-FPLC showed that quality differences were associated with changing proportions of high M_r polymeric proteins. Changes in protein composition of salt soluble proteins were also confirmed by proteomics. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and one of the serpin protein spots increased at high N, combined with the lower S level. The enzymes also increased in samples with increased S fertilisation combined with low N, but was not changed at higher N levels. Furthermore, at high N the serpin protein spot, and also a 27 K protein and one unidentified protein spot decreased with increasing S.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

芸薹属多倍体与二倍体作物 花柱及角果的发育差异

通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.