Introduction and Selection of Poplar S307-26 and PE-19-66 in Shandong Province

18 clones of Populus deltoides and P. x euramericana were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic in 1986 and 1987 with the agreement of FAO. A completely random block design was applied and the seedling test and controlled afforestation trials had been held at Jinan City, Gaotang County and Juxian County, Shandong Province respectively. The results showed that two clones, namely S307-26 (P. deltoides cv.‘S307-26‘) and PE-19-66 (P. deltoides cv.‘PE-19-66’) performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth characteristics. The mean growth volumes (V) of single tree of S307-26 and PE-19-66 were 0.181 2 m3 and 0.164 9 m^3, which were 42.0 % and 29.2 % larger than that of I-69 (P. deltoides cv.‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 ) (CK), respectively, at the age of 5years at three experimental sites. Results of variance analyses and T test (LSD) for variables showed that above mentioned two clones were significantly different with 1-69 (CK). Further analyses found that both clones could be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar diseases, pests, drought, cold as well as strong wind, and had long growing period. Furthermore, mechanical properties were also better and fiber length was longer than that of 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that both S307-26 and PE-19-66 were ideal varieties for the establishment of fast growing poplar plantations, especially of the wood pulp forest plantations in the region.     

Field test of new poplar clone in Shangdong Province

Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province.     

四种杨树扦插苗的硝酸还原酶活力体内衰减的初步研究

硝酸还原酶(NADH:NR E.C.1.6.6.1)是植物体内同化硝酸盐的关键酶,可作为作物育种和营养诊断的生化指标。在木本植物方面,硝酸还原酶的研究正在不断向广度和深度发展。     

杨树胶合板材纸浆材新品种'鲁林3号杨'

鲁林3号杨,雄株,是以美洲黑杨I-69为母本,美洲黑杨PE-3-71为父本,经人工控制授粉,对杂种F1代进行苗期筛选和无性系造林试验选育而成.具有易繁殖、速生、材质优良、抗病虫和抗逆性强等特性,是优良的杨树工业用材树种,适宜培育胶合板材和纸浆材.     

山东省临沂地区杨树人工林地位指数表的编制

山东省临沂地区杨树人工林地位指数表是于1986年冬至1987年春,收集了25株69杨、72杨和健杨优势木树干解析和104块临时标地材料编制而成。选用lgH=a+b(1/A)公式为导向曲线数学模型;标准年龄定为8a;指数级距2m;级数8个(12—26m)。采用树高相对值法导出各指数级各年龄树高值,经检验此法精度较高,符合生长快、伐期短的杨树生长规律,可供该地区林业部门试用。     

用快速称重法测定杨树蒸腾速率的技术研究*

蒸腾速率是杨树水分状况最重要的水分生理指标,它携带着耗水的信息。由于杨树形体高大,测定工作十分困难。国外的大棚、蒸渗仪、树干液流、微气候等测定方法,花钱多,不易操作,难以推广。迄今为止,还数、Huber和Arland等改进的快速称重法(Quick-weighing method,以下简称快称法)简便易行,在苏联、中国及欧洲国家广泛应     

欧美杨新品种抗寒性的研究*

为了检验已培育出的适于我国华北地区生长的一批欧美杨新品种(以鲁克斯杨P.delt-oides cv‘Lux’(ex.I-69/55)简称69杨为母本,欧洲黑杨及其变种为父本)的抗寒性,进行了2年(1988～1989年)的抗寒实验。实验用自然低温冷冻、人工低温冷冻、苗木失水试验和冷冻后生长恢复试验四种方法,对欧美杨新品种及对照I-69杨和I-214杨的抗寒性进行了研究,结果是欧美杨新品种抗寒性极显著地高于母本I-69杨,接近或稍高于我国黄河流域广为栽培的I-214杨,遗传了父本欧洲黑杨的抗寒能力。实验为欧美杨新品种的栽培范围提供了可靠的科学依据。     

辽育3号杨等树种对水泡溃疡病抗性的试验研究

对辽宁杨、辽育3号杨、鞍山小钻杨3个品种进行了水泡溃疡病抗性试验,通过野外调查、室内接种、树皮含水率和愈伤组织形成4方面的测试,认为辽宁杨抗病性略优于辽育3号,二者基本处于同一水平,这2个品种抗病性都优于小钻杨,差异达到极显著水平。愈伤组织形成指数和1年生树皮含水率2个指标,都是辽宁杨>辽育3号杨>小钻杨。进一步分析表明,野外调查感病指数与室内接种感病指数、树皮含水率、愈伤组织形成指数呈现spearman相关性,达到极显著水平。其中野外调查感病指数与室内接种感病指数呈正相关,野外调查感病指数与树皮含水率、愈伤组织形成指数分别呈负相关。     

转Bt基因南林895杨抗虫性及对土壤微生物影响分析

以转Bt基因南林895杨株系B1、B4、B17、B21扦插苗为试验材料,分析其在室内和野外自然条件下对靶标害虫杨小舟蛾幼虫的抗虫性。结果表明:转Bt基因杨树4个株系均有一定的杀虫活性,其中株系B21对杨小舟蛾1龄幼虫12 d校正死亡率高达95.3%;虫试表明转Bt基因杨树各株系扦植苗在野外自然条件下的12 d幼虫校正死亡率8月份为35.0%88.8%,9月份为40.5%95.3%。用转Bt基因杨树叶片饲养杨小舟蛾,对照植株杨小舟蛾幼虫化蛹率为83.3%96.0%,而转Bt基因株系幼虫化蛹率为8.0%76.7%,二者有显著差异。转Bt基因杨树对杨小舟蛾幼虫的生长发育有抑制作用,饲喂8 d后害虫取食量、体质量增长速率显著低于对照。此外,为了解转Bt基因杨树对土壤微生物的影响,对转Bt基因杨树株系及对照进行了根际土壤微生物可培养类群的分析,初步结果显示:转Bt基因杨树根际土壤微生物中细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量与对照比较无显著差异。     

杨树胶合板材纸浆材新品种‘鲁林1号杨’

'鲁林1号杨'为雌株,是由美洲黑杨优树上采集天然杂交种所得,经过苗期和区域化试验选育而成.具有育苗及造林成活率高、速生、抗性强等特性,是优良的杨树工业用材树种,特别适宜培育胶合板材.     

Genotypic variation in drought tolerance of poplar in relation to abscisic acid

We investigated effects of water stress and external abscisic acid (ABA) supply on shoot growth, stomatal conductance and water status in 1-year-old cuttings of a drought-sensitive poplar genotype Populus x euramericana cv. I-214 (Italica) and a drought-tolerant genotype P. 'popularis 35-44' (popularis). Populus popularis was more productive and maintained higher leaf water potentials throughout the drought treatment than cv. Italica. Supply of ABA to the xylem sap caused a greater decline in growth and more leaf abscission in shoots of cv. Italica than in shoots of P. popularis. Immediately after initiation of the drought treatment in P. popularis, the ABA concentration ([ABA]) of the xylem increased rapidly and stomatal conductance declined; however, stomatal conductance had returned to control values by the third day of the drought treatment, coincident with a gradual decline in xylem [ABA]. In contrast, xylem [ABA] of cv. Italica initially increased more slowly than that of P. popularis in response to the drought treatment, but the increase continued for 3 days at which time a tenfold increase in xylem [ABA] was observed that was followed by abscission of more than 40% of the leaves. We conclude that sensitivity of poplar roots to variation in soil water content varies by clone and that a rapid short-term accumulation of ABA in shoots in response to water stress may contribute to drought tolerance.     

美洲黑杨及其杂种在世界和我国杨树栽培中的地位与作用

本文介绍了美洲黑杨的天然分布, 生长状况。西欧各国对其珍贵基因资源的重视和利用, 我国引种美洲黑杨的现状及其作用等, 并对我国进一步利用美洲黑杨的基因资源, 促进我国杨树栽培的发展提出了一些看法。     

乙烯与几种木本植物茎插穗生根的关系

生长素类物质(NAA,IBA,IAA)处理Ⅰ-69杨、香椿和枣的嫩枝插穗,可诱导乙烯释放;KT,ABA,GA_3处理则不能。生长素类物质处理插穗促进不定根形成,与诱导乙烯释放有关。在研究乙烯和乙烯利处理Ⅰ-69杨硬枝插穗对不定根形成作用中知得,低浓度促进,高浓度抑制。所以,不论是生长素类物质,还是乙烯或乙烯利,对不定根形成的促进或抑制作用,都与乙烯生成有关,是生长素与乙烯共同作用的结果.     

海滨湿地杨树、柳树新无性系苗期耐盐性研究

在海滨湿地分别4个盐度梯度，12种杨树、柳树新无性系田间扦插试验结果表明：在苗期，不同杨树、柳树无性系的成活率、保存率、生长量等均与土壤含盐量呈负相关；在出苗期的耐盐能力，1-74杨、1-69杨可达0．241％，35杨为0．188％，J30-16、J35-13、J4-34、J31-17柳为0．089％，其余5个柳树无性系均在0．060％以下；在苗木生长期，其耐盐极限分别为0．343％，0．333％和0．201％。     

人工林场杨木材性质与生长培育关系的研究

本文以生长在 3种长江滩地类型 (江滩、洲滩、湖滩 )、3种栽植密度 ( 3m×4m ,4m× 5m ,5m× 6m)下的3个品系速生人工林杨树木材 [欧美杨无性系 72杨 (Populus×euramericacv.I -72 58) ,美洲黑杨无性系 63杨(P .deltiodescv.I-63 51 )和 69杨 (P .deltoidescv.I-69 55) ,以下简称 72杨 ,63杨 ,69杨 ]为对象 ,深入地分析了人工林杨树木材材性与生长培育之间的关系。结果表明 :( 1 )品系对滩地杨树木材材性有较大的影响。安徽新洲洲滩和湖北黄洲江滩上生长的 63杨 ,湖南沅江湖滩上生长的 72杨纤维长度最长 ,微纤丝角最小 ,导管比量最大 ,方差分析表明 :72、63、69杨微纤丝角和主要物理力学性质差异均达显著和极显著。 ( 2 )滩地类型对72、63、69杨木材材性都有或大或小的差异。方差分析表明 :63杨、69杨微纤丝角、基本密度、抗弯强度和干缩率差异显著 ,说明 63杨和 69杨受滩地类型影响较大。 ( 3)栽植密度对 72、63、69杨木材材性的影响因材性指标的不同而不同。对 72、63、69杨来讲 ,栽植密度越大 ,微纤丝角、导管比量增大 ,纤维长度、木纤维比量、木射线比量都减小 ,基本密度、抗弯弹性模量和抗弯强度也越小。方差分析表明 ,72杨和 69杨受栽植密度影响较大 ,63杨受栽植密度影响较小     

杨树不同品种插穗自身含水量与扦插成活的关系

以中黑防、晚花杨、小黑杨14号3个杨树品种为试验材料,设计自然失水24 h、48 h、72 h三个梯度(处理)研究插穗自身含水量与扦插成活的关系.结果表明:在相同的自然失水时间里,晚花杨失水率最大,自然失水处理72 h,失水率可达30.7%,小黑杨14号为29.6%,中黑防也达到了27.9%.中黑防在穗条自身失水率达到30%时,生根与成活率才会显著下降;而小黑杨14号和晚花杨在穗条自身失水率达到20%时,生根与成活率就会显著下降.     

田间供水与杨树生长关系的研究* Ⅱ.田间供水、蒸腾耗水与材积产量的关系分析及林木需水量的估算

在集约栽培的杨树人工林中进行小区灌溉试验,研究了不同供水处理下林木生长和水分生理指标的变化,分析了田间供水量、蒸腾耗水量和材积产量的关系。结果表明,林木蒸腾耗水量和材积年产量均随供水水平的高低而增减。5年生杨树人工林(林行距3×6 m)在5—10月的蒸腾耗水量约602.6—879.2mm,林木生长1m~3 材积需蒸腾消耗180.0—215.0 t水。作者还用多种模式分析了田间供水量与材积产量的相关关系,提出了估算杨树人工林需水量的方法和 Ⅰ-69杨人工林需水量表。     

林分密度对Ⅰ-69杨树冠结构和光能分布的影响

密植的Ⅰ-69杨林分树冠分枝角度小,骨干枝比率低。当叶面积指数达到7.81、冠层最大叶面积密度达0.8～0.9时,是林分最适密度状态。光在冠层内的分布,受叶面积指数和叶片消光系数支配。密植的林分,光强衰减较快。以8%的相对光强作为临界光强,林龄6年时以高密度林分的生产能力最低;中密度林分最高。但林龄7年时,低密度林分的生产能力已经接近中密度林分。     

土壤含水率对I—69杨苗木生长和生物量的影响

在3种土壤含水率条件下,研究了I-69杨插条苗的苗高、叶面积等生长进程和生物量。不同供水条件下苗木的生长进程相似,低供水处理封顶期提早10～15d.生物量测定表明,I-69杨十分喜水,高供水处理(土壤含水率保持在田间持水量的96％)的生物量为低供水处理(土壤含水率为田间持水量的55％)的2.74倍。